2023年高考英語備考中等生百日捷進(jìn)提升系列專題21閱讀填空（含解析）

PAGE專題21閱讀填空題型特點(diǎn)1.文章的篇幅較短，詞數(shù)多為280～330，兼顧多種體裁，通常有記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等，要求考生充分利用所給信息，答復(fù)文章提出的問題。通常文章難度不大，關(guān)鍵是考查考生高效處理信息的能力，還要求考生對文章有更深層次的理解。但是題目并不容易，很容易出錯。2.考查對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)的了解，把握住全篇的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。解題方法通過對高考中“七選五〞型閱讀理原題以及大量同類試題研究可知，此類試題雖然新穎，但是也有其特有的解題規(guī)律，主要注重解題的竅門和方法，成功闖關(guān)，選準(zhǔn)答案的難度并不大。將此方法歸結(jié)為“通讀全文、詳讀段落、定位選項、通讀復(fù)檢、確定排除〞五步解題法。以下就此方法進(jìn)行分析，希望此方法能為同學(xué)們的解題提供助力。步驟一：通讀全文，對文章進(jìn)行快速瀏覽，尋找主題句，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章的寫作內(nèi)容。在閱讀過程中，要注意文章的開始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因為?開門見山〞與?結(jié)尾總結(jié)的寫作方式為常見的寫作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主題所在，說明本文將探討哪些內(nèi)容，并簡要指出文章的寫作思路，有時甚至?xí)蕴峋V的形式—呈現(xiàn)。首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義，如果它是文章的主題句，就可以使讀者迅速明確文章情節(jié)將如何展開，并對文章的寫作主題有了整體的了解。如果末句不是主題句，那么需要繼續(xù)尋找。這時，可以考慮文章的寫作方式是否為?結(jié)尾總結(jié):式，如兩者均可排除，那么需在文章中其他段落尋找主題句，但要注意首段與末段的提示作用。步驟二：詳讀段落，在短時間內(nèi)，找出每段寫作內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞。明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。文章正文局部通常分為假設(shè)干小段落。各段落會根據(jù)整體文章寫作主題展開，對文章主體進(jìn)行的不同方面的描述。找出各個小段落中的關(guān)鍵詞，明確其描述內(nèi)容，為整體試題的解決做好鋪墊。步驟三：定位選項，明確各備選選項的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項填入文中，填寫時尤為注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。在定位選項時，要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內(nèi)容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。將所選項放入空白處，看看是否與上下文構(gòu)成語義及邏輯上的直接關(guān)系，是否符合該處語境。能否承接前后的寫作線索。使文章無論內(nèi)容還是銜接上都能做到通順。一篇文章作為一個整體，是有其寫作的線索與思路的，在選項定位中，要尤其注意文章的寫作線索，文章的寫作思路的連貫使文章的每個段落、每個句子甚至每個短語均融為一體。如果帶入選項后，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章寫作線索中斷或是前后矛盾，應(yīng)更換其它選項。步驟四：通讀復(fù)檢，將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。

在完成選項定位后，應(yīng)通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整，語義是否連貫合理、各段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否通順連貫、具有一致性、符合邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當(dāng)貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。同時，我們還應(yīng)注意對相近選項的比照分析，個別干擾項由于與某個正確選項的內(nèi)容相近具有很強(qiáng)的干擾性，這時就需要我們認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)甄別，排除干擾，從而得出正確選項。步驟五：確定排除，研究多余選項，確定排除理由，最終確定答案。在檢查后，應(yīng)再次查看所排除選項，進(jìn)一步確定排除理由，以防造成易混選項誤選。體驗高考1.【2022·北京卷】第二節(jié)〔共5小題；每題2分。共10分〕根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出正確的填入空白處。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ThisWaytoDreamlandDaydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat’shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy._71__Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory.__72__Canyouimaginewhatkindofworldwewouldhavewithoutsuchideasandinventions?Sohowcanyoucomeupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingovertreerootsorotherwiselookinglikeafool?First,understandthatsomeopportunities(時機(jī))fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.__73_Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyou’redaydreaming,trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertask—preferablysomethingsimple,liketakingashowerorwalking,orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.It’salsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate.“Mindfulness〞,beingfocused,isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep.__74__Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.____75_Alwaysrememberthatyourbestideasmightcomewhenyourheadisactuallyintheclouds.A.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.B.Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.C.Withoutwanderingminds,wewouldn’thaverelatively,CokeorPost-itnotes.D.Atonetime,daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.E.Itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforself-controlthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.F.Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect,quiteunlikesleepdreams,whichmaybehardtounderstand.G.Therefore,it’sagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyou’reinthedaydreamzone.72.本段話峰一轉(zhuǎn)說到了白日做夢其實(shí)有著很多的好處。選項前后依然是順承關(guān)系，應(yīng)選C。73.本選項中的it指代前句的動名詞短語feelingsafeandrelaxed，解題線索明顯。應(yīng)選E。74.本段主要講如何防止不合時宜的白日做夢，且選項中有also為提示詞。應(yīng)選A。75.本選項中有邏輯詞therefore,可為做題線索之一；前句講好的想法隨時會出現(xiàn)，所以選帶個本子隨時記，合情合理。應(yīng)選G?！究键c(diǎn)定位】生活類短文閱讀【名師點(diǎn)睛】本文是七選五?？嫉慕ㄗh類說明文，第1、2自然段為概念的提出及導(dǎo)入，第3段明確了下文的內(nèi)容：如何在“白日做夢〞中趨利避害。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，干擾選項較易排除，整體難度不大，文章的主題“如何培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新的想法〞，除了理解整篇文章及選項外還要注意文章中的副詞，代詞，邏輯連接詞以及特殊概念名詞的出現(xiàn)。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，可讀性強(qiáng)，提示詞明顯。因此，日常練習(xí)中要側(cè)重以抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)及段落主旨為主，兼顧辨析選項，尤其是根據(jù)核心詞排除干擾項的做題技巧。學(xué)生需要遵循先易后難的原那么，來提高正確率。2.【2022·新課標(biāo)全國II】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Trainingforamarathonrequirescarefulpreparationandsteady,gradualincreasesinthelengthoftheruns.36,buythebest-fittingrunningshoesyoucanfind.Noonecansaywhichbrandwillworkbestforyouorfeelbestonyourfeet,soyouhavetorelyonyourexperienceandonthefeelofeachpairasyoushop.Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright,walkinthemforafewdaystodouble-checkthefit.37.Asalways,youshouldstretch(伸展)atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.Duringthefirstweek,donotthinkaboutdistance,butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.38,itiswisetotakeadayofftorest.Butduringthenextweek,setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.39.Aftertwoweeks,starttimingyourself.40.Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter,youcansetupatimetablefortheremainingweeksbeforetherace.AftersixdaysForagoodmarathonrunnerBeforeyoubeginyourtrainingWitheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmileIftheystillfeelgood,youcanbeginrunninginthemTimespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingNowyouarereadyoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime【答案】36.C37.E38.A39.D40.G【解析】試題分析：本文是以如何鍛煉馬拉松為話題，提到從長期的角度說應(yīng)該做到精心準(zhǔn)備，循序漸進(jìn)。這樣才能到達(dá)鍛煉的目的。36.C考查對上下文的理解。上文提到跑馬拉松，下文說買一雙合腳的鞋子。所以這里應(yīng)該是Beforeyoubeginyourtraining訓(xùn)練前的準(zhǔn)備工作。應(yīng)選C。37.E考查對上下文的理解。上文提到：穿著鞋走走路以確保適宜，下文提到跑。所以這里應(yīng)該說Iftheystillfeelgood,youcanbeginrunninginthem如果穿著的感覺很好，就可以跑了。應(yīng)選E。38.A考查對上下文的理解。上文提到練習(xí)的第一周怎么做，下文提到第二周，所以這里應(yīng)該是Aftersixdays，練習(xí)一周后稍做休息，一周是6天，應(yīng)選A。39.D考查對上下文的理解。這里在討論逐漸加長跑步的距離，每天增加一定的距離才合理，應(yīng)選DWitheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmile。40.G考查對上下文的理解。最后是提速。在規(guī)定的距離內(nèi)如何訓(xùn)練自己跑得快。這樣才能參加比賽。應(yīng)選GNowyouarereadyoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime?！究键c(diǎn)定位】生活類短文閱讀?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本文是給體育鍛煉提建議。這是七選五短文常考的類型。這類題的思路清楚，考生容易把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，為填充缺失的信息打下好的根底。此題的首句是關(guān)鍵的理解點(diǎn)。下文都圍繞這句展開。所以填對的根據(jù)在于正確理解全文和摸清文章的脈絡(luò)。3.【2022·新課標(biāo)全國I】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgainTrustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences,36.Trustisarisk.Butyoucan’tbesuccessfulwhenthere’salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.Unfortunately,we’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe’vebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore,37.It’sunderstandable,butifyou’rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.38havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.39Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality〞.Atsomepointinallofourlives,we’llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.Youdidn’tlose“everything〞.Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.40instead,it’sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.Learntoreallytrustyourself.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened.【答案】36.B37.E38.A39.C40.G38.A根據(jù)后句havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.可知此段主要講述要學(xué)會信任自己。可知選A。39.C根據(jù)后句Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.可知此段主要講述不要認(rèn)為自己是受害者。應(yīng)選C。40.G根據(jù)前一句Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife和后一句instead,it’sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.可知既要看到事情的積極面，也不要無視所發(fā)生的事情。應(yīng)選G?！究键c(diǎn)定位】議論類短文閱讀【名師點(diǎn)睛】本篇閱讀填空題延續(xù)了一貫的總分式結(jié)構(gòu)，難度總體適中。第36題主要考查順承上文，第37題考查前面句的因果關(guān)系，第38、39題考查總分關(guān)系，第40題考查轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系?？忌忸}時一定首先理解文章大意，然后在做題時分析前后句之間的關(guān)系，最后要將所選的答案帶回原文當(dāng)中閱讀，最終才能選擇正確答案。模擬新題精選1.【江西省九江市七校2022屆高三第一次聯(lián)考】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。BalanceSelf-CareandCaringforOthersHowdoIbalanceSelf-CareandCaringforOthers?Ifyouareaskingthisquestion,youareoneofthosepeoplewhotendtobeselfless.36________So,howdoyoustrikeabalance?Avoidkillingthegoose.37_____Inotherwords,youaregoingtokillthegoose.Ifyouworkatahomelessshelter50hoursaweekfortwoweeksandthenquitbecauseyouareoverwhelmed(累垮)，itwon’tdonearlyasmuchgoodasifyouworkfivehoursaweekallyeararound.Kindpeopleusuallyfallintoatrap—theytrytodosomuchgoodbuttheydon’trealizethatmoreisnotalwaysbetter.38________Youdon’talwayshavetosacrificealottodosomethinggood.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatpersonalsacrificeisbad,butgivingafriendthemoneythatyouandyourfamilyneedtospendonfoodorrentisn’tagreatplan.Sometimesyoujustneedtotakecareofyourselfandyoufamily.Youcanstillsupportandencouragefriends,butyoudon’thavetomakedeepsacrificestocareforsomeone.39______Thisissomethingthateverynewparenteventuallyhastofigureout:havingthatfirstdateawayfromthechildcanbeaguiltyexperience,butitisbetterforthechildtobesenttohisorhergrandparents’onceinawhilesothattheparentscanrelaxthemselvesandhaveagoodtime.ThentheparentswillcomebackbetterequippedtocareforthechildTakingcareofyourself,40______,istakingcareofthem.Itmakesyoustrong,andthenyoucanpassthatstrengthontothem.Learntocareforothers.MakereasonablesacrificesLetmepraisethesweetsideofyourpersonalityKnowtheimportanceofself-care.IfyouareencouragingorsupportingsomeoneButyoudon’tknowwhentostopcaringforothersandstartcaringforyourselfIfyouaggressively(過分地)giveandnevercareforyourself,youaregoingtoburnout.【答案】36.F37.G38.B39.D40.E【解析】試題分析：本文教會了我們?nèi)绾握疹欁约汉推胶馑?，你不要總是要犧牲很多做好事。這并不意味著個人的犧牲是不好的，但給一個朋友的錢，你和你的家庭需要花費(fèi)在食物和入不敷出的方案。有時候你只需要照顧好你自己和你的家人。你還可以支持和鼓勵朋友，但是你不必為別人的關(guān)心而做出巨大的犧牲。36.F考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)前文可知你問這樣一個問題，如何照顧自己和平衡他人，那么問題可以是什么時候照顧自己什么時候照顧他人，應(yīng)選F。37.G考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)后文的小故事可知你不能過分的不照顧自己，所以選擇G。38.B考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)后文你不能把錢給你的朋友，可知犧牲應(yīng)該合理，所以選B。39.D考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)后文可知不能把孩子自己扔在一邊，應(yīng)該送去他們的祖父母那里，可知我們要知道照顧的重要性，應(yīng)選D。40.E考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)前后文可知我們可以鼓勵他人，所以選E。考點(diǎn)：考查信息匹配2.【甘肅省西北師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022屆高三下學(xué)期第五次診斷】七選五：共5題每題2分共10分16Whenastarvingmangetsameal,hebeginstothinkaboutanovercoat;whenanexecutivegetsanewsportscar,visionsofcountryclubsandpleasurebeatsdanceintoview.Themanywantsofmankindmightberegardedasmakingupseverallevels.17.Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofwantsinvolvesfood.Oncethiswantissatisfied,asecondlevelofwantsappears:clothingandsomesortofshelter.BytheendofWorldWarIIthesewantsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.18Itincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.By1957or1958thisthirdlevelofwantswasfairlywellsatisfied.Then,inthelate1950safourthlevelofwantsappeared:the“l(fā)ife-enriching〞level.Whiletheotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfaction－thefeeding,comfort,safety,andtransportationofthehumanbody－thislevelstressesmentalneedsforrecognition,achievementandhappiness.Itincludesavarietyofgoodsandservices,manyofwhichcouldbecalled“l(fā)uxury〞items.Amongthemarevacationtrips,thebestmedicalcare,andentertainment.19Onthislevel,agreaterpercentageofconsumerspendinggoestoservices,whileonthefirstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.Willconsumersraisetheirsightstoafifthlevelofwantsastheirincomeincreases,orwilltheycontinuetodemandluxuriesandpersonalservicesonthefourthlevel?Afifthlevelprobablywouldinvolvewantsthatcanbeachievedbestbycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopayforgovernmentactionagainstdisease,ignorance,crimeandprejudice.20Inthisway,wecanenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfourlevels.A. Thenathirdlevelappeared.B. Differentpeoplehavedifferentwantsoneachlevel.C. Thereareseverallevelsofwantsinone’slife.D. Whenthereismoneyenoughtosatisfyonelevelofwants,anotherlevelappearsE. Atthisstage,wenowmayseektoensurethehealth,safety,andleisure.F. Alsoincludedherearefancyfoodsandthelateststylesinclothing.G. Humanwantsseemendless. 【答案】16.G17.D18.A19.F20.E

18.根據(jù)Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofwantsinvolvesfood.Oncethiswantissatisfied,asecondlevelofwantsappears:clothingandsomesortofshelter.BytheendofWorldWarIIthesewantsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.可知前面提到了第一和第二標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以這里說第三個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出現(xiàn)了，應(yīng)選A。

19.根據(jù)Itincludesavarietyofgoodsandservices,manyofwhichcouldbecalled“l(fā)uxury〞items.Amongthemarevacationtrips,thebestmedicalcare,andentertainment，應(yīng)選F。

20.根據(jù)Afifthlevelprobablywouldinvolvewantsthatcanbeachievedbestbycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopayforgovernmentactionagainstdisease,ignorance,crimeandprejudice.以及Inthisway,wecanenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfourlevels.可知這里想說在這個階段，我們可能去尋找健康、平安和空閑。應(yīng)選E?？键c(diǎn)：日常生活類閱讀3.【安徽省合肥一中、蕪湖一中等六校教育研究會2022屆高三第一次聯(lián)考】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Noticingthesignalsthatpeoplesendoutwiththeirbodylanguageisaveryusefulsocialskill.36Fortunately,withalittleextraattentiveness,youcanlearntoreadbodylanguage,andwithenoughpracticeit'llbecomesecondnature.37Theclosertheyare,thewarmertheyarethinkingofyou.Thefartherawaythatsomeoneis,thelesstheyactuallycareaboutthesituationorperson.Ifyoumoveslightlyclosertothem,dotheymoveslightlyfurtheraway?Thatmeanstheydon'twantyourinteractiontobeanymorepersonalthanitalreadyis.38Andiftheyrespondbygettingevenclosertoyou,theyprobablyreallylikeyouorareverycomfortablearound/byyou.Itisworthnotingthatpersonalspaceisculturallydifference;keepinmindthatwhatisconsideredcloseinonecountryisfarawayinanother.Checktheirarms.39Thoughsomepeoplejustcrosstheirarmsasahabit,itmayindicatethatthepersonisslightlyreserved,uncomfortablewiththeirappearance(Inotherwords,selfconsciousandtryingtocoverit),orjusttryingtohidesomethingontheirshirt.Iftheirarmsarecrossedwhiletheirfeetareshoulderwidthorwiderapart,thisisapositionoftoughnessorauthority.Ifsomeonereststheirarmsbehindtheirneckorhead,theyareopentowhatisbeingdiscussedorjusteasy-goingingeneral.Iftheirhandsareontheirhips,theymightbewaiting,impatientorjusttired.40A.Iftheydon'tmovefurtheraway,thentheyarereceptive.B.Howtoreadbodylanguageneedstobelearned.C.Someofuscanreaditnaturallyandsomeofuscan’tatall.D.Iftheirhandsareclosed,theymaybeangry,ornervous.E.Peoplewithcrossedarmsareclosingthemselvestosocialinfluence.F.Payattentiontohowclosesomeoneistoyou.G.Somepeopletendnottomovefurtheraway.【答案】36.C37.F38.A39.E40.D37.F后句內(nèi)容涉及到人們接觸時距離的遠(yuǎn)近所能反響的情況，由此判斷F選項內(nèi)容Payattentiontohowclosesomeoneistoyou.符合語境，可以作為概括句，應(yīng)選F。38.A前句內(nèi)容是介紹人們在交流時身體靠近所暗示的信息，由此判斷該空應(yīng)該介紹身體離的遠(yuǎn)會說明什么，信息提示詞closer和further，由此判斷選A。39.E該段介紹人們胳膊的動作所給人們的暗示，信息提示詞arms，故判斷選E。D空前內(nèi)容都是介紹胳膊的不同姿勢所反映出的人們內(nèi)心的情況，而且?guī)讉€if從句構(gòu)成了類似的排比句式，應(yīng)選D?？键c(diǎn)：考查邏輯推理及語境理解【名師點(diǎn)睛】七選五閱讀填空是新課標(biāo)英語高考的新題型。文章多數(shù)是說明文，考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。在做這種題型時我們要注意以下解題技巧：1.句式對接例如40小題，幾個if從句構(gòu)成了類似的排比句式。而且在一些小標(biāo)題中往往都是祈使句或者名詞短語。2.詞匯銜接：也就是利用上下文所重復(fù)的關(guān)鍵詞，即詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)原那么進(jìn)行判斷，其中包括同義詞，原詞和反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)。要注意空前后的名詞、代詞、和動詞，尋找答案時注意在選項中查找同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或表示同一類事物的詞語等。如此題中38.小題中信息提示詞closer和further，屬于反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)，而39小題中信息提示詞是arms。掌握詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)原那么非常重要。4.【安徽省蚌埠市第二中學(xué)2022屆高三12月月考】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Thereisatontoloveaboutcollegelife:newfriends,classesyoumaybethrilledaboutandnew-foundfreedom.Allofasuddenyoucoulddowhateveryouwant,wheneveryouwant.__36__Yougethomesick.__37__Anewplace,unfamiliarfaces,anincreasedmentalworkloadaddingstressontopofitallcanbeadifficultpilltoswallow.Thisisyourfirsttimeawayfromyourhabitualsetting,thefirsttimeawayfromhomeforanindefiniteperiodoftime.Homesicknessaffectsroughly7%ofhighereducationstudents.That’salot,andit’salsoonlytheonesthathaveexpressedsomeconcern.__38__Youaren’tthefirst,northelast,northeonlyonewiththesefeelings.It’scompletelynatural,andtobeexpected.Recognizingthatthereissomethingwrongisthefirststep.Itcanbedifficulttocallhomeorspeaktoanadvisoraboutbeinghomesickwheneveryonearoundyouseemstobehavingthetimesoftheirlives.Butrememberthefactthatthereareatonofothersfeelingthesameway.__39__.Also,intheageofeveryonebeingconnectedviaFacebookandtexting,itcanbeeasytoretreatbehindawalloftechnologytocommunicate.__40__Itcanreducecontacttothenewatmospherearoundthem.A.Sowhatdoesthismean?B.However,thismaydomoreharmthangood.C.Youarenotalone,sodon’tfeeltooupset.D.Itcangiveyoualittlehelpinghandtospeakup.E.Butthensomethingyoudon’texpecthappens.F.Sohereareafewthingstohelpgetoverthoseblues.G.Believeitornot,feelinghomesickiscompletelynormalforanycollegestudent.【答案】36E37G38A39D40B【解析】試題分析：本文介紹了很多上大學(xué)的學(xué)生會想家，這是一種正常的情況。同時作者也在文章里提出了具體的解決方法。36.E根據(jù)前句Allofasuddenyoucoulddowhateveryouwant,wheneveryouwant.上大學(xué)以后你可以在你想要的任何時候，做你想做的任何事情。這是上大學(xué)的好處，后句Yougethomesick.表達(dá)上大學(xué)的不利之處。說明上下文之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故E項符合上下文串聯(lián)。37.G根據(jù)第一段最后一句Yougethomesick.提出上大學(xué)會讓我們想家，第二段應(yīng)該接著第一段繼續(xù)講述大學(xué)生想家的有關(guān)情況。故G正確。38.A根據(jù)本段第一句Homesicknessaffectsroughly7%ofhighereducationstudents.可知有百分之7的學(xué)生都會想家。再根據(jù)橫線后一句Youaren’tthefirst,northelast,northeonlyonewiththesefeelings.你不是第一個，也不是最后一個，更不是唯一有這樣想法的人?？芍獧M線上這句是在解釋前句That’salot,andit’salsoonlytheonesthathaveexpressedsomeconcern.的含義。故A項符合上下文串聯(lián)。39.D本段介紹處理這一問題的方法就是要說出來，因為說出你的感受可以幫助你克服思鄉(xiāng)之情。故D項符合上下文串聯(lián)。40.B本段介紹使用Facebook等方法消除思鄉(xiāng)之情，但是這些方法會讓你無法和你所在的環(huán)境相融合。也就是說這些方法也有很多不利之處。故B正確?？键c(diǎn)：考查生活類閱讀5.【貴州省遵義航天高級中學(xué)2022屆高三第四次模擬】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgainTrustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.36Trustisarisk.Butyoucan’tbesuccessfulwhenthere’salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.Unfortunately,we’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal〔出賣，背叛〕.Whetherwe’vebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.37They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.It’sunderstandable,butifyou’rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.●Learntoreallytrustyourself.Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.●38Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality〞.Atsomepointinallofourlives,we’llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.●39Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.40Instead,it’sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.A.Youdidn’tlose“everything〞B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore.E.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened【答案】36B37D38C39A40G37.D本段第一句Unfortunately,we’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal〔出賣，背叛〕.我們會成為背叛的受害者。因為信任他人，我們收到傷害。導(dǎo)致很多人不再信任他人。所以D項符合上下文串聯(lián)。38.C根據(jù)本段第二句Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality〞.作為受害者和帶著受到傷害的情緒生活是不同的事情。作者以此告訴我們不要把自己當(dāng)成受害者。故C正確。39.A根據(jù)本段第二句Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.當(dāng)別人背叛我們的時候，不要從絕望的角度看問題，要從對生活感謝的態(tài)度來處理一切。實(shí)際上我們并沒有缺少什么。故A正確。40.G根據(jù)下一句Instead,it’sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.可知要把這種積極的態(tài)度當(dāng)成一種健康的生活方式。與G項：看到事物的積極方面并不意味著我們無視所發(fā)生的事情?？键c(diǎn)：考查人生感悟類閱讀6.【遼寧省實(shí)驗中學(xué)分校2022屆高三12月月考】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項，有兩項為多余選項。GuideforTeenagersTheteenageyearscanbetough,andit’snormaltofeelsadeverynowandthen.Butifthesefeelingsdon’tgoawayorbecomesointensethatyoucan’thandlethem,youmaybesufferingfromdepression.36．.TrynottoisolateyourselfWhenyou’redepressed,youmaynotfeellikeseeinganybodyordoinganything.Justgettingoutofbedinthemorningcanbedifficult,butisolatingyourselfonlymakesdepressionworse.37．Spendtimewithfriends,especiallythosewhoareactive.KeepyourbodyhealthyMakinghealthylifestylechoicescandowondersforyourmood.Everheardofa"runnershigh"?Physicalactivitycanbeaseffectiveasmedicationsfordepression,sogetinvolvedinsports,rideyourbike,ortakeadanceclass.Anyactivityhelps!38．Asforfood,makesureyou’refeedingyourmindwithplentyoffruits,vegetables,andwholegrains.Avoidalcoholanddrugs.Youmaybetrydrinkingorusedrugsinanefforttoescapefromyourfeelingsandgeta"moodboost,"evenifjustforashorttime.However,substanceusecannotonlymakedepressionworse,butcancauseyoutobecomemoredepressed.39．.Youwillneedspecialtreatmentforyoursubstanceproblem.40．.Stressandworrycanleadtodepression.Talktoateacherifexamsorclassesseemoverwhelming.Inaddition,ifyouhaveahealthconcernyoufeelyoucan’ttalktoyourparentsabout,seeadoctor.Ahealthprofessionalcanhelpyouapproachyourparentsandguideyoutowardappropriatetreatment.Ifyou’redealingwithrelationship,friendship,orfamilyproblems,talktoanadultyoutrust.A.Askforhelpifyouarestressed.B.Evenashortwalkcanbebeneficial.C.Turntoyourparentsforhelp.D.Asyougetoutintotheworld,youmayfindyourselffeelingbetter.E.Inshort,drinkingandtakingdrugswillmakeyoufeelworse--notbetter--inthelongrun.F.Themoreexerciseyoudo,thehealthieryouwillbe.G.Helpisavailableandyouhavemorepowerthanyouthink.【答案】36G37D38B39E40A【解析】試題分析：本文屬于教育類閱讀，作者給出了一些年輕人應(yīng)對壓力的建議和指導(dǎo)。36.G根據(jù)前一句Butifthesefeelingsdon’tgoawayorbecomesointensethatyoucan’thandlethem,youmaybesufferingfromdepression.可知如果這些負(fù)面的情感讓你無法承當(dāng)時，我們可以向別人尋求幫助。故G項符合上下文。37.D根據(jù)前一句Justgettingoutofbedinthemorningcanbedifficult,butisolatingyourselfonlymakesdepressionworse.可知當(dāng)我們遇見負(fù)面情緒的時候，隔絕自己只會讓情況更糟糕。也就是建議我們要多出去走走。故D項符合上下文串聯(lián)。38.B本段的中心思想是保持健康。根據(jù)橫線前一行Anyactivityhelps!可知任何一種活動都有好處，那么B項：步行也是有益的。和上下文串聯(lián)一致。39.E根據(jù)本段的主題Avoidalcoholanddrugs可知要防止喝酒和毒品。在根據(jù)前句However,substanceusecannotonlymakedepressionworse,butcancauseyoutobecomemoredepressed.可知酗酒和吸毒只會讓你更加壓抑。選項中E項與文章主題以及上下文一致。40.A根據(jù)本段2、3句Talktoateacherifexamsorclassesseemoverwhelming.Inaddition,ifyouhaveahealthconcernyoufeelyoucan’ttalktoyourparentsabout,seeadoctor.可知當(dāng)我們遇見困難的時候，可以向我們的老師或者父母親求助。A項本本段主題一致。考點(diǎn)：考查教育類閱讀7.【寧夏回族自治區(qū)銀川一中2022屆高三上學(xué)期第五次月考】iPadsvs.TextbooksWhatifyoucouldhaveyourwholebackpackatthetouchofyourfingertips?InthefirstmonthoftheAppleiPadsrelease,25millionweresold!PeopleallovertheworlduseiPadsforallsortsofdifferentthings,butoneoftheirfinestqualitiesistheabilitytobeatextbook.___36____Tobeginwith,iPadarelessexpensive.Textbooksbecomeoutdatedandschoolshavetobuynewbooks,butwithaniPadschoolscanupdatethemforfree.__37___Schoolsdon’thavetospend$500everyyearforiPadsbecausetheylastawhileandcanbeupdated.___38___Studentsusuallyhavemultipleclasses,whichresultsinmultipletextbooks.Heavybackpacksfilledwithbookscancausebackproblem.AsolutiontothatisaniPad，whichonlyweighs1.33poundsandcanholdallofastudent’stextbooks.Third,schoolsshouldgetridoftheirtextbooksandgetiPadsbecausetheyhavemorecapabilities.Somemightthinkalloftheappsaredistracting,buttheappsactuallymakeiPadsmoreefficient.__39___Textbookscannotdothosetasks,butiPadscaneasilydothemwithjustatapofthefingertip.Lastly,iPadsareabetterchoiceforschoolsinsteadoftextbooksbecausethesedevicesallowstudentstoaccesstheirlearninganywhereatanytime.___40_____.WithiPads,theyfinditeasiertogettheirhomeworkdone.Inconclusion,schoolsshouldgetridoftheirclumsytextbooksandswitchtoiPads.iPadshaveallowedthisgenerationtohavetheirentirebackpackinthepalmoftheirhands.

A.Second,iPadscostlessandaremorepopular.

B.Thesetabletsareperfectforbusystudents.

C.Therefore,theycanusethesavedmoneyforotherprograms.

D.Moreover,inhighschool,textbookshaveanaverageof4.8poundseach.

E.iPadshavealreadyreplacedtextbooksinover600Americancounties.

F.iPadsabsorbtheneedtobuycalculators,dictionaries,andotheritemsthatarefoundwithinthedevice.G.SchoolshaveeveryreasontodoawaywiththeirschoolbooksandswitchtoiPads.【答案】36G37C38D39F40B【解析】試題分析：本文主要表達(dá)了現(xiàn)在IPad越來越普遍，文章中列舉了對于教材書來說IPad所擁有的優(yōu)勢。36.G該句屬于承上啟下的句子，第一段第二句InthefirstmonthoftheAppleiPadsrelease,25millionweresold!可知IPad很普及了，人人都在用IPad。這對于使用IPad代替教材就有了前提條件，下面的四段在分別表達(dá)要用IPad代替教材的理由。選項中G項：SchoolshaveeveryreasontodoawaywiththeirschoolbooksandswitchtoiPads學(xué)校有理由扔掉教材而使用IPad。符合上下文串聯(lián)。37.C根據(jù)前兩句Textbooksbecomeoutdatedandschoolshavetobuynewbooks,butwithaniPadschoolscanupdatethemforfree.可知當(dāng)教材更新的時候，學(xué)校就需要重新出錢購置新的教材，而使用IPad時，只需要免費(fèi)下載更新即可。這樣就可以節(jié)省下很多錢來做其他的工程了。這恰好是C項表達(dá)內(nèi)容。38.D根據(jù)下兩句Heavybackpacksfilledwithbookscancausebackproblem.可知現(xiàn)在的教材很重，導(dǎo)致學(xué)生的書包也很重。解決這個問題要靠IPad