天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)+漢語(yǔ) 2011年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試試題及參考答案

4.1天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)701基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)+漢語(yǔ)2011年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試試題及參考答案天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)2011年攻讀碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試試題考試科目：基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)+漢語(yǔ)（注意：答案必須寫(xiě)在答題紙上）（考試時(shí)間180分鐘總分150分）I.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestexplainstheunderlinedwordorphraseinthesentence.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(20pointsfor20questions).1.Ihavediscoveredanewdimensiontorunning:extrememarathonsboastingthekindofexperiencesonlypossibleinChina.braggingaboutC.delayingsth.forreasonsB.havingsth.asaprideD.producingtheeffectof2.Whenachildmeetsaswindlingtutor,theparentswilllosemoneywhilethechildwilllosepreciousopportunitiestomoveforward.A.beingintentionalC.beingmeanB.beingfraudD.beingrestless3.Onadrabstreetlinedwithlow-riseshopsandrestaurants,DandelionMiddleSchoolishardlynoticeable.A.risinglowlyB.busyC.noisyD.flat4.Intotal,morethan13,000peoplehavebeenevacuatedtohigherground,andthreetemporarysettlementcenters,withgovernment-installedtents,weresetuponAugust9.A.withdrawnB.alleviatedC.holleredD.changed5.Chenwarnedagainstthepossibilityofhomepricesreboundingwhenlowinterestratesareadoptedtomitigateinflation.A.plungingintoB.bouncingbackC.strikingupD.withdrawing6.ChinahasboosteditsbuyingofJapanesegovernmentbondsthisyear,snappingupanet$6billionofmostlyshort-termnotesbetweenJanuaryandApril,doubletherecordamountloggedforallof2005,saidtheMinistryofFinanceofJapan.A.takingupB.smashingupC.snatchingupD.pinchingup7.Anup-to-dateguidebook,on-lineresources,andpersonalcontactsarewheretogetthelowdownonwhatgoeswhere,whenitgoesandhowreliableitis.A.wholetruthB.protectionC.warningD.property8.TherecentleadershipadjustmentintheDemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKoreawasoneoftheworld’smostattention-grabbingaffairs.A.energy-consumingC.attention-digressingB.worshipingassacredD.eye-catching9.ToincreaseperformanceandwinagainstMorganStanley,Chendecidedtoforgeashort-livedalliancebetweenYongleandDazhongElectronics,whichbroughtYongletothebrinkofinsolvency.A.constituteB.confrontC.formD.remit10.Butforme,noneofthismatchedtheexperienceofsimplymeanderingaroundPingyao’sunheraldedbackstreets.A.hikingafarC.movingaimlesslyB.joggingslowlyD.escortingcarefully11.Trappedminersdramaticallyemergedafter69daysofundergroundimprisonment.A.hinderedC.acceleratedB.cameuptothesurfaceD.joinedtothecrowd12.Chinaisthethirdcountryintheworldtobuildrocketscarryingmannedspacecraft.A.manufacturedC.man-madeB.havinghumancrewD.affiliatedto13.ThethreerefereesweredetainedinMarch,pushingthecredibilityofChineserefereestoanall-timelow.A.keptincustodyC.shutinprisonB.arrestedD.underinvestigation14.Chang-e2willeventuallybemaneuveredintoanorbitjust15kmabovetheMoon.A.placedB.manipulatedC.movedD.emitted15.Whenwetalkaboutgivinguniversitiesgreaterautonomytorecruitstudents,peoplemaybeconcernedaboutpossiblefraudandpreferentialtreatmentenjoyedbystudentsfromwealthyorpowerfulfamilies.A.deliberatedeceptionC.mercifulrescueB.authoritativecontrolD.intentionaldisguise16.ThisgeneratesthreepotentialEnglishliteracychallengesthatseparateChinesestudentsfromforeigninstructors.A.producesB.radiatesC.makesD.shapes17.Thisculturalperspectivedisorientsforeignteachers,whomisperceivetheirstudentsaspassiveandwithdrawn.A.perceivesB.conceivesC.misunderstandD.processes18.Someesotericfontsusedbytoday’sartistsemulatemonkswhocopiedmedievalmanuscriptsbyhand.A.complicatedB.mysteriousC.gibberishD.cursive19.Theapplicationof3GisontheupswinginChina;however,theeraof4Ghasalsobegun.A.pokeB.dwindleC.soarD.rise20.TowerCofOfficePark,adazzlingnewofficebuildinginBeijing’sCentralBusinessDistrict,hasbeenwidelypraisedinthemarketforitssuperiorqualityandpleasantamenitiesafteritwasunveiledtothemarketatapressconferenceheldinMarch2010.A.convenienceB.regularityC.sightD.outlookII.GrammaticalStructures.(10points)Directions:IneachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,CandD.Identifythepartthatisgrammaticallyincorrect.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.1.ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinessAhistory,oneofthoseeventsthateveryoneagreesmustneverallowtoBCDhappenagain.2.Basically,computerizeddataprocessingismuchthesameasdonebyABChandorbyelectromechanicalmethods.D3.Thepotentialprofit,andtheeaseonwhichtheycanbemadefrominsiderAtrading,marketmanipulation,conflict-of-interesttransactionsandmanyBotherillegalorunethicalactivitiesaretoogreatandtoopervasivetobeCDignored.4.IlostmysightwhenIwasfouryearsold.ItoccurredtometheotherAdaythatImightnotcometolovelifeasIdoifIhadn’tbeenblind.BCD5.AmericanliteraryhistoriansareperhapspronetoviewtheirownnationalABscenetoonarrowly,mistakeprominenceforuniqueness.CD6.OneargumentisusedtosupporttheideathatemploymentwillcontinueABtobethedominantformofwork,andthatemploymentwilleventuallyCbecomeavailableforallwhowantit,isthatworkingtimewillcontinuetoDfall.7.ThisisonereasonwhychangehasnotcomemorequicklytoblackABAmericansascomparedtootherAmericanminorities,becausethesharpCDdifferenceinappearancebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts.8.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatABwhichherecognizes,increasinginsizeashegrowsolderasaresultofCDeducationandexperience.9.NativetoSouthAmericaandcultivatedthereforthousandsofyears,theABpeanutissaidtohaveintroducedtoNorthAmericabyearlyexplorers.CD10.ResearchershavefoundsubtleneurologicaldifferencesbetweentheABbrainsofmenandwomeneitherinphysicalstructureandinthewaytheyCDfunction.III.ClozeTest(20points)Directions:TherearetwopassagesmarkedwithAandBinthissection.Ineachpassage,tenwordsaremissing.Fillineachblankwithanappropriatewordthatbestsuitsthecontexttocompletethepassage.NoticethatthefirstletterofthemissingwordineachblankisgivenandwriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)PassageA.Inmorerecentdecades,theworldhasi1becomeaglobalcommunity,andstudyabroadhasf2.SinceWorldWarIItherehasbeenadramaticincreaseinforeignstudentsc3totheUnitedStatestostudyandofAmericansstudyingo4theUnitedStates.In2008,almost96,000Americanstudentsparticipatedi5formalstudyabroadprograms.In2009,morethan1.5millionforeignstudentscametotheUnitedStatestostudy.ForAmericanstudents,studyabroadisgenerallyseentofulfillthreeeducationalg6:thegeneraleducationofthestudent,specializedlearningsuchaslanguagelearning,andthepromotionofinternationalunderstanding.Butinadditionthosestudyingabroadlearntoextendtheirautonomyandincreasetheira7oftheircultureandthevaluesthatthiscultureembodies.OnestudyofEdwardMorgandemonstratesthatthetypeoflearningthattakesp8atthehomeuniversityisprimarilycognitiveinnatureandissecondarilyaffective.Studentsstudyingabroad,however,arefrequentlymuchmoreinvolvedintheirs9foridentity.Hefound“studentsindicatedthattheychangeddailyintheareasofvalues,attitudes,goalsandpersonalphilosophy”.Moststudentsreportthatitiswhattheylearnoutsideoftheclassroomthatcountsthemostinastudy-abroadp10.PassageBAnyonewhoknowsmewellwouldalmostcertainlylabelmeanoptimist.Ibelieveinembracingh11andfindingsomethingpositiveeveninthemostd12circumstances.Myownoptimismstemsfromastrong,personalf13inalovingGodwhoIbelieveisveryinterestedinthepersonaldetailsofourlives,notjustthe“bigstuff.”Ialsobelievethatthingshappenforareasonandthatifwek14ourmindsandspiritsopen,ourinvisibleGodoftenbecomesv15,sometimesinwaysthatarequitehumorous!W16thatbeingsaid,evenoptimistscantemporarilylosehope.ThiswasthecaseformeonaparticularlycoldandgloomyJanuaryday.IfeltoverwhelmedbythepainfulchallengesIwasd17withinmypersonallife.Marital,health,andfinancialstruggleshadjoinedforcestocreateatornadoofemotionthatthreatenedtocrushmyspirit.Ifeltangry,f18,burdened,anddistancedfromthepresenceofGod.Theweatherseemedtoreflectmymood—thegrayskyblockedevenasinglerayofs19.AsIdrudgedthroughmyworkday,Ijustcouldn'tshakeasenseofhopelessnessandd20.IV.ReadingComprehension.(40points)Directions:Beloweachofthefollowing4passagesyouwillfindquestionsorincompletestatementsaboutthepassage.Eachstatementorquestionisfollowedbyletteredwordsorexpressions.Selectthewordorexpressionthatmostsatisfactorilycompletesoranswerseachquestioninaccordancewiththemeaningofthepassage.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40pointsfor20questions)（1）Chinesefirmsaregoingglobalfortheusualreasons:toacquirerawmaterials,gettechnicalknow-howandgainaccesstoforeignmarkets.Buttheyareundertheguidanceofastatethatmanycountriesconsiderastrategiccompetitor,notanally.Asourbriefingexplains,itoftenappointsexecutives,directsdealsandfinancesthemthroughstatebanks.Oncebought,natural-resourcefirmscanbecomecaptivesuppliersoftheMiddleKingdom.SomebelieveChinaInccanbemoresinisterthanthat:forexample,AmericathinksthatChinesetelecoms-equipmentfirmsposeathreattoitsnationalsecurity.Thatwouldbeamistake.Chinaismilesawayfromposingthiskindofthreat:mostofitsfirmsareonlyjustfindingtheirfeetabroad.Eveninnaturalresources,whereithasbeenmostactiveindealmaking,itisnotclosetocontrollingenoughsupplytorigthemarketformostcommodities.NorisChina’ssystemasmonolithicasforeignersoftenassume.Statecompaniescompeteathomeandtheirdecision-makingisconsensualratherthandictatorial.Whenabroadtheymayhavemixedmotives,andsomesectors—defenceandstrategicinfrastructure,forinstance—aretoosensitivetoallowthemin.Butsuchareasarerelativelyfew.WhatifChinesestate-ownedcompaniesruntheiracquisitionsforpolitics,notprofit?Solongasotherfirmscouldsatisfyconsumers’needs,itwouldnotmatter.Chinesecompaniescouldsafelybeallowedtoownenergyfirms,forinstance,inacompetitivemarketwherecustomerscouldturntoothersuppliers.AndifChinesefirmsthrowsubsidisedcapitalaroundtheworld,that’sfine.AmericaandEuropecouldusethemoney.ThedangerthatcheapChinesecapitalmightunderminerivalscanbebetterdealtwithbybeefingupcompetitionlawthanbykeepinginvestmentout.NotallChinesecompaniesarestate-directed.Somearelargelyindependentandmainlyinterestedinprofits.Oftenthesefirmsaremakingtherunningabroad.TakeVolvo’snewowner,Geely.VolvoshouldnowbeabletosellmorecarsinChina;withoutthedealitsfuturewasbleak.

Chinesefirmscanbringnewenergyandcapitaltoflaggingcompaniesaroundtheworld;butinfluencewillnotjustflowoneway.Tosucceedabroad,Chinesecompanieswillhavetoadapt.Thatmeanshiringlocalmanagers,investinginlocalresearchandplacatinglocalconcerns—forexamplebylistingsubsidiarieslocally.IndianandBrazilianfirmshaveanadvantageabroadthankstotheirprivate-sectorDNAandmoreopencultures.ThathasnotbeenlostonChinesemanagers.1.InfaceofChina’seconomicexpansionabroad,theauthorofthisarticleisA.OptimisticB.PessimisticC.NeutralD.Noncommittal2.Accordingtothearticle,thereasonwhyChinacannotcontrolthemarketformostcommoditiesinenergysectorisA.Chinadoesnothaveenoughmoney.B.Chinesecompaniesarereluctanttocooperatewithforeignfirms.C.Chinaisininitialstageofinvestingabroad.D.Chinesecompaniesarestate-owned.3.WhatisVolvo’simmediatebenefitafterGeelybecomesitsnewowner?A.SalesgoupB.FuturebecomesunpredictableC.Workershaveasalaryhike.D.Unemploymentgoesdown.4.“Solongasotherfirmscouldsatisfyconsumers’needs,itwouldnotmatter.”ThisimpliesthatA.Chinesecannotcontrolthemarket.B.ThemarketisnotcompetitiveC.ConsumersdonotlikeChinesecompaniesD.Indiancompaniesaremorepowerful5.ItissuggestedthatChinesefirmsshoulddothefollowingiftheywanttosucceedabroadA.SticktopublicownershipB.MakechangestosuitlocalconditionsC.InvestmoremoneyD.Havemoredecision-makingpower（2）Whyweageisthesubjectofvigorousdebate.Theclassicalviewisthataginghappensbecauseofrandomwearandtear.Anewerviewholdsthatagingismoreorderlyandgeneticallydriven.Proponentsofthisviewpointoutthatanimalsofsimilarspeciesandexposuretowearandtearhavemarkedlydifferentlifespan.TheCanadagoosehasalongevityof23.5years;theemperorgooseonly6.3years.Perhapsanimalsarelikeplants,withlivesthataretoalargeextent,internallygoverned.Certainspeciesofbamboo,forinstance,formadensestandthatgrowsandflourishesforahundredyears,flowersallatonce,andthendies.Theideathatlivingthingsshutdownandnotjustweardownhasreceivedsubstantialsupportinthepastdecade.ResearchersworkingwiththenowfamouswormC.elegans(twoofthelastfiveNobelPrizesinmedicinewenttoscientistsdoingworkonthelittlenematode)wereabletoproducewormsthatlivemorethantwiceaslongandagemoreslowlybyalteringasinglegene.Scientistshavesincecomeupwithsingle-genealterationsthatincreasethelifespansofDrosophilafruitflies,miceandyeast.Thesefindingsnotwithstanding,scientistsdonotbelievethatourlifespansareactuallyprogrammedintous.Afterall,formostofourhundred-thousand-yearexistence—allbutthepastcoupleofhundredyears—theaveragelifespanofhumanbeingshasbeenthirtyyearsorless.(ResearchsuggeststhatsubjectsoftheRomanEmpirehadanaveragelifeexpectancyoftwenty-eightyyears.Todaytheaveragelifespanindevelopedcountriesisalmosteightyyears.Ifhumanlifespansdependonourgenetics,thenmedicinehasgottheupperhand.Weare,inaway,freakslivingwellbeyondourappointedtime.Sowhenwestudyaging,whatwearetryingtounderstandisnotsomuchinanaturalprocessasanunnaturalone.Inheritancehassurprisinglylittleinfluenceonlongevity.JamesVaupel,oftheMaxPlanckInstituteforDemographicResearch,inRostock,Germany,notedthatonlysixpercentofhowlongyou’lllive,comparedwiththeaverage,isexplainedbyyourparents’longevity;bycontrast,uptoninetypercentofhowtallyouare,comparedwiththeaverage,isexplainedbyyourparents’height.Evengeneticallyidenticaltwinsvarywidelyinlifespan:thetypicalgapismorethanfifteenyears.6.ThemainideaofthispieceisA.Howlongonelivesdependsonone’sparents.B.Howlongonelivesisrelatedtoone’sgenesC.Howlongonelivesdependsonmanyfactors.D.Howlongonelivescanbestatisticallydetermined.7.Theexampleofgoose’slifespanshowsthatA.Canadagooseliveslongerthanemperorgoose.B.Emperorgoosehasaveryshortlifespan.C.Canadagooseandemperorgoosebelongtothesamespecie.D.Differentkindsofthesamespeciemayhavedifferentlifespan8.What,astheauthormentionsinthisarticle,isgeneticallydetermined?A.lifeexpectancyB.heightC.voiceD.look9.ItcanbeassumedthatpeopleinthepastseveralhundredsofyearsA.livelessthan30yearonaverageB.livemorethan60yearsonaverageC.liveexactly30yearsonaverageD.liveatleast30yearonaverage10.Whiletwinshavemanythingsincommon,onlyonefeatureismentionedinthisarticle.Whatisit?A.Twinslookalike.B.Twinsarealmostidenticalinheight.C.Twinsusuallyhavedifferentlengthoflifespan.D.Twinsusuallyhavethesametemperament.（3）ManyreasonshavebeenadducedfortheriseoftheLeica.Thereisthehecticprogressoftheillustratedpress,avidforphotographstofillitscolumns;thereistheincreasedmobility,spendingpower,andleisuretimeofthemiddleclass,whowishedtopreservearecordofthesenovelblessing,ifnotforposterity,thenatleastforshow.Yetthegreatinventions,moreoftenthannot,aretriggeredlessbyvasthistoricalmovementsthanbythepressuresofindividualchange—orinLeica’scase,byasthma.EveryLeicaemployeewhodrivesdownOscar-Barnack-Strasseisremindedofcorporateglory,foritwasBanack,aformerengineeratCarlZeiss,thefamouslensmakersinJena,whodesignedtheLeicaI.Hewasanamateurphotographer,andthecamerahadfirstoccurredtohim,asifinavision,in1905,twentyyearsbeforeitactuallywentonsale:“BackthenItookpicturesusingacamerathattool13by18plates,withsixdouble–plateholdersandalargeleathercasesimilartoasalesman’ssamplecase.ThiswasquitealoadtohaularoundwhenIsetoffeachSundaythroughtheThuringerWald,whileIstruggledupthehillsides(bearinginmindthatIsufferfromasthma)anideacametome.Couldn'tthisbedonedifferently?”Fiveyearslater,BarnackwasinvitedtoworkforErnstLeitz,arivalopticalcompany,inWatzlar.(Thecompanystayedthereuntil1988,whenitwassold,andthecameradivision,renamedLeica,shiftedtoSolms,fifteenminutesaway.)By1909-14,hehaddevelopedwhatbecameknownastheur-Leica;atough,squatrectangularmetalbox,notmuchbiggerthanaspectaclescase,withroundedcornersandaretractablebrasslens.Youcouldtuckitintoajacketpocket,wanderaroundtheThuringerwoodsallweekend,andnevergaspforbreathTheextraordinaryfactisthat,ifyouweretoplaceitnexttotoday’sLeicaMP,thesimilaritieswouldfaroutweighthedifferences;standayoungmanbesidehisowngreat-grandfatherandyougetthesameeffect.BarnacktookapictureonAugust2,1914,usingthenewdevice.ReproducedinAlessandroPasi’scomprehensivestudyLeica:WitnesstoaCentury(2004),itshowsahelmetedsoldierturningawayfromacolumnonwhichhehasjustplasteredtheimperialorderformobilization.ThiswasthefirsthintoftherolethatwouldfalltoLeicaaboveallothercameras:tobethereinhistory’sface.NotuntiltheendofthehostilitiesdidBarnackresumeworkontheLeica,asitcametobecalled.(HisownchoiceofnamewasLilliput,butwisercounselsprevail.Wheneveryoubuya35-milimetercamera,youpayhomagetoBarnack.)11.LeicamostprobablyisA.thebrandnameofacameraB.thenameofafactoryC.thebrandnameoffilmD.thenameofaman12.LeicawasinventedthankstoA.Thereappearmoremagazineswithpictures.B.Peoplehavemoremoneytospare.C.Peopleareabletoliveindifferentplaces.D.Theinventorsuffersfromasthma.13.The“illustratedpress”appearinginthisarticlemostprobablyreferstoA.NewspapersandmagazineswithmanypicturesB.IllustriouspersonunderpressureofworkC.ExplanationtellingpeoplehowtorelievefrompressureD.Bookstellingpeoplehowtooperatethepress14.“HisownchoiceofnamewasLilliput,butwisercounselsprevail.”ThissentencemeansA.TheproductisnamedLilliput.B.Theproduct’snameisneitherLilliputnorLeica.C.TheproductisnamedLeicaD.“Leica”isabandonedforabetternamefortheproduct.15.“Standayoungmanbesidehisowngreat-grandfatherandyougetthesameeffect.”ThismetaphoriscitedtoshowthatA.LeicaMPandLeicaIlookalike.B.LeicaMPismoreadvancedC.LeicaIenjoyedalonghistorythanLeicaMPD.LeicaMPenjoysmorerespectthanLeicaI(4)“Essayendupinbooks,”—likethisone—“buttheystarttheirlivesinmagazines,”wroteSusanSontaginherintroductiontoTheBestAmericanEssays1992.That’swhatIseefirst,yearandyear:themagazines.Hundredsofthem.SomesoslicktheyslipfrommyhandsandslideoffeachotherwhenItrytoconstructneatpiles.Someofthesatinyandscentedfashionmagazinesdisplaysomuchcommercializedfetishism—high-glossmodelsbroughttoeroticecstasybyluxurioushandbags—thatIfeel,asIdutifullyflipthroughtheclingypagessearchingforcontent,Imustbeacreaturefromadifferentplanet,aterriblydeprivedanddisadvantagedone.Still,thatdoesn’tpreventmefromsniffingtheperfumeadsalongtheway,andforanintoxicatingmomentsampleaworldwherereadingandwritingessaysseemsnotjustamarginaloccupation,butdecidedlydéclassé.TheBestAmericanEssaysfeaturesaselectionoftheyear’soutstandingessays,essaysofliteraryachievementthatshowanawarenessofcraftandforcefulnessofthought.Hundredsofessaysaregatheredannuallyfromawideassortmentofnationalandregionalpublications.Theseessaysarethenscreened,andapproximatelyonehundredareturnedovertoadistinguishedguesteditor,whomayaddafewpersonaldiscoveriesandwhomakesthefinalselections.ThelistofNotableEssaysappearinginthebackofthebookisdrawnfromthefinalcomprehensivelistthatincludesnotonlyalltheessayssubmittedtotheguesteditorbutalsomanythatwerenotsubmitted.Toqualifyforthevolume,theessaymustbeaworkofrespectableliteraryquality,intendedasafullydeveloped,independentessayonasubjectofgeneralinterest(notspecializedscholarship),originallywritteninEnglish(ortranslatedbytheauthor)forpublicationinanAmericanperiodicalduringthecalendaryear.Today’sessayisahighlyflexibleandshiftingform,however,sothesecriteriaarenotcarvedinstone.Magazineeditorswhowanttobesuretheircontributionswillbeconsideredeachyearshouldsubmitissuesorsubscriptionsto:RobertAtwan,SeriesEditor,TheBestAmericanEssays.P.O.Box220,Redville,MA02137.WritersandeditorsarewelcometosubmitpublishedessaysfromanyAmericanperiodicalforconsideration;unpublishedworkdoesnotqualifyfortheseriesandcannotbereviewedorevaluated.Pleasenote:allsubmissionsmustbedirectlyfromthepublicationandnotinmanuscriptorprintoutformat.Editorsofonlinemagazinesandliterarybloggersshouldnotassumethatappropriateworkwillbeseen;theyareinvitedtosubmitprintedcopiesoftheessays(withfullcitations)totheaddressabove.16.“Essaysendupinbooks,”—likethisone—“buttheystarttheirlivesinmagazines,”ThissentencemeansA.Essaysendtheirlifeinbooks.B.Essaysarefirstpublishedinmagazinesandtheninthebookform.C.EssaysinmagazinescangainalargerreadershipD.Essaysplaytheirceaselesslyactiveandimportantroleinbooks.17.“Thesecriteriaarenotcarvedinstone”.Itcanbesafelyassumedaccordingtothearticlethatthissentencemeans.A.Thesecriteriaarewritteninbooks.B.ThesecriteriaarefixedandremainunchangedC.ThesecriteriaareflexibleandalwayschangeD.Thesecriteriaareauthorizedandpowerful18.Howarethebestessaysselected?A.Selectedbyagroupofspecialists.B.SelectedbythreeorfourreadersC.SelectedbyAmericanreadersandCanadianreadersD.Selectedfirstbytheserieseditor,andthenfinalizedbytheguesteditor19.Thephrase“personaldiscoveries”mostprobablymeansA.TreasuresaccidentallyfoundbyapersonB.LostthingsfinallyrecoveredbysomeoneC.EssaysonlytheguesteditorwantstoincludeinthebookD.Essaysreaderslikeverymuch20.Partoftheserieseditor’saddressreads“MA02137”.HereMAistheabbreviationofaUSstate.ItisA.MarylandB.MichiganC.MassachusettsD.MississippiV.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese.(20points)Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartsofthefollowingtwopassagesintoChineseandwriteyourChineseversionsontheANSWERSHEET.(1)Iwasslowtounderstandthedeepgrievancesofwomen.Thiswasbecause,asaboy,Ihadenviedthem.Beforecollege,theonlypeopleIhadeverknownwhowereinterestedinartormusicorliterature,theonlyoneswhoreadbooks,theonlyoneswhoeverseemedtoenjoyasenseofeaseandgracewerethemothersanddaughters.Likethemenfolk,theyfrettedaboutmoney,theyscrimpedandmade-do.But,whenthepaystoppedcomingin,theywerenottheoneswhohadfailed.Nordidtheyhavetogotowar,andthatseemedtomeablessedfact.Theywenttoseeneighbors,toshopintown,torunerrandsatschool,atthelibrary,atchurch.Nodoubt,hadIlookedharderattheirlives,Iwouldhaveenviedthemless.Itwasnotmyfatetobecomeawoman,soitwaseasierformetoseethegraces.Fewofthemheldjobsoutsidethehome,andthosewhodidfilledthanklessrolesasclerksandwaitresses.Ididn’tsee,then,whataprisonahousecouldbe,sincehousesseemedtomebrighter,handsomerplacesthananyfactory.Ididnotrealize—becausesuchthingswereneverspokenof—howoftenwomensufferedfrommen’sbullying.Ididlearnaboutthewretchednessofabandonedlonemen.EventhenIcouldseehowexhaustingitwasforamothertocateralldaytotheneedsofyoungchildren.ButifIhadbeenasked,asaboy,tochoosebetweentendingababyandtendingamachine,IthinkIwouldhavechosenthebaby.Iwouldliketoreflectononeoftheoldestofhumanexercises,theprocessbywhichovertheyears,andindeedoverthecenturies,wehaveundertakentoget