新版【考研】1987年考研英語(yǔ)真題

PAGE416 大家版詞典級(jí)31年考研英語(yǔ)真題及答案 PAGEPAGE11987年考研英語(yǔ)真題SectionI StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]1. Theskyscraperstandsout________thebluesky.[A]in[B]against[C]under[D]beneath2. Theyhavealwaysbeenongood________withtheirnext-doorneighbors.[A]friendship[B]relations[C]connection[D]terms3. Hello!Isthat21035?Pleaseputme________tothemanager.[A]across[B]up[C]through[D]over4. Whydoyoulookso________?Youneversmileorlookcheerful.[A]miserable[B]unfortunate[C]sorry[D]rude5. Eggs,thoughnourishing,have________offatcontent.[A]largenumber[B]alargenumber[C]thehighamount[D]ahighamount6. Jimalways________hisclassmatesinadebate.[A]backsout[B]backsaway[C]backsup[D]backsdown7. Mostofthepeoplewho________twoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.[A]havelivedout[B]havelivedthrough[C]havelivedon[D]havelivedoff8. Therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe________whenyouarecamping.[A]putup[B]putupwith[C]putoff[D]putaway9. Isittruethatthoseoldhousesarebeingpulleddown________newofficeblocks?[A]toaccommodate[B]toprovidefor[C]toincrease[D]tomakeroomfor10. Beinginnogreathurry,________.[A]wewentthelongroutewithscenery[B]thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference[C]wetookthelongscenicroute[D]ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicrouteSectionII ReadingComprehensionEachofthreepassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers,readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Text1Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethefirstmechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,〞whichcouldcarrymanstraightup,butwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpilotedastrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfromastandingstart,hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthensettledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonalhelicopters.Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices,manymetropolitanareasusetheminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways,engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisalikelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacrosstown,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.11. Peopleexpectthat________.[A]theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicopters[B]helicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefromplacetoplaceasairlinersarenowdoing[C]theimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer’sinventionwouldbecomearealityinthefuture[D]theirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersoftoday12. Helicoptersworkwiththeaidof________.[A]acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontop[B]arotatingdevicetopside[C]onerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachend[D]arotatingfanunderneathforlifting13. Whatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter?[A]Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.[B]Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.[C]Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.[D]Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverageindividuals.14. Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?[A]Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.[B]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.[C]Theyareusedforrescuework.[D]Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.15. Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential?[A]Foroverseaspassengertransportation.[B]Forextremelyhighaltitudeflights.[C]Forhigh-speedtransportation.[D]Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.Text2InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertain,buteventsincludedboy’sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.TheycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompetingcourtierspaytheirownathletes’expenses.TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMountOlympusbythesun’srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,anditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflag,however,isamodernconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.16. InancientGreece,theOlympicGames________.[A]weremerelynationalathleticfestivals[B]wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolour[C]hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageousposition[D]wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants17. IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames________.[A]onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateinthegames[B]allGreeks,irrespectiveofsex,religionorsocialstatus,wereallowedtotakepart[C]allGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedtocompeteinGames[D]allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGames18. TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics________.[A]hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished[B]variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors[C]wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonortheGameswereheld[D]wasconsideredunimportant19. Modernathletes’resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunnersbecause________.[A]theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults[B]theyaremuchbetter[C]detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast[D]theyaremuchworse20. Nowadays,theathletes’expensesarepaidfor________.[A]outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners[B]outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations[C]bytheathletesthemselves[D]bycontributionsText3Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain〞sufferswithcivilization’severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetism,andgravitation;theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodernscientistthantoThaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureoftheelectrificationofamber,ahardyellowish-browngum.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces“really〞are.“Electricity,〞BertrandRussellsays,“isnotathing,likeSt.Paul’sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrified,wehavetoldallthereistotell.〞Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.Aristotle,forexample,whosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprinciplethateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat’swheretheybelong,andsmokegoesupbecausethat’swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.ModernsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.21. Theaimofcontrolledscientificexperimentsis________.[A]toexplainwhythingshappen[B]toexplainhowthingshappen[C]todescribeself-evidentprinciples[D]tosupportAristotelianscience22. Whatprinciplesmostinfluencedscientificthoughtfortwothousandyears?[A]thespeculationsofThales[B]theforcesofelectricity,magnetism,andgravity[C]Aristotle’snaturalscience[D]Galileo’sdiscoveries23. BertrandRussell’snotionaboutelectricityis________.[A]disapprovedofbymostmodernscientists[B]inagreementwithAristotle’stheoryofself-evidentprinciples[C]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“how〞thingshappen[D]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“why〞thingshappen24. Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeidea________.[A]thattherearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse[B]thatmancannotdiscoverwhatforces“really〞are[C]thatthereareself-evidentprinciples[D]thatwecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo25. Modernsciencecameintobeing________.[A]whenthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwasfirstintroduced[B]whenGalileosucceededinexplaininghowthingshappen[C]whenAristotelianscientisttriedtoexplainwhythingshappen[D]whenscientistswereabletoacquireanunderstandingofrealityofreasoningSectionIII StructureandVocabularyFillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethesentence.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad,it________sixhours.[A]ended[B]finished[C]was[D]lastedANSWER:[D]26. Asscheduled,thecommunicationssatellitewentinto________roundtheearth.[A]circle[B]orbit[C]path[D]course27. WhenIsawJane,Istoppedandsmiled,butshe________meandwalkedon.[A]refused[B]ignored[C]denied[D]missed28. Itwasagoodgame,andattheendthe________wasArgentina3,WestGermany2.[A]mark[B]account[C]record[D]score29. Georgetook________ofthefineweathertodoaday’sworkinhisgarden.[A]chance[B]interest[C]advantage[D]charge30. Isthereanyonewho________theplansputforwardbythecommittee?[A]differs[B]opposes[C]disagrees[D]refuses31. Alltoo________itwastimetogobacktoschoolafterthesummervacation.[A]often[B]quick[C]fast[D]soon32. Inanaccidentwhentwocarsrunintoeachother,they________.[A]hit[B]knock[C]strike[D]collide33. Thenoisewascausedbyaboy________acatthroughthegarden.[A]catching[B]fighting[C]following[D]chasing34. Hedrovefastandarrivedanhour________ofschedule.[A]inadvance[B]ahead[C]abreast[D]infront35. Thisticket________youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.[A]gives[B]entitles[C]grants[D]creditsSectionIV ClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)EXAMPLE:Forinstance,theautomobiletunnelmight________hugeventilationproblems.[A]make[B]bring[C]raise[D]createANSWER:[D]ChequeshaveEQ\X\BO(大36家)replacedmoneyasameansofexchangefortheyarewidelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisveryconvenientforbothbuyerandseller,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatchequesarenotrealmoney:theyarequitevaluelessinthemselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunsacertainEQ\X\BO(大37家)whenheacceptsachequesandheisquiteEQ\X\BO(大38家)hisrightsifonoccasion,herefusestodoso.PeopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodfaithiscalledEQ\X\BO(大39家).Anoldandverywealthyfriendofminetoldmehehadanextremelyunpleasantexperience.HewenttoafamousjewelryshopwhichkeepsalargeEQ\X\BO(大40家)ofpreciousstonesandaskedtobeshownsomepearlnecklaces.Afterexaminingseveraltrays,hedecidedtobuyaparticularlyfinestringofpearlsandaskedifhecouldpaybyCheques.TheassistantsaidthatthiswasquiteEQ\X\BO(大41家)butthemomentmyfriendsignedhisname,hewasinvitedintothemanager’soffice.Themanagerwasverypolite,butheexplainedthatsomeonewithexactlythesamenamehadpresentedthemwithaworthlessChequenotlongago.Myfriendgotveryangrywhenheheardthisandsaidhewouldbuyanecklacesomewhereelse.Whenhegotuptogo,themanagertoldhimthatthepolicewouldarriveatanymomentandhehadbetterstayEQ\X\BO(大42家)thewantedtogetintoserioustrouble.EQ\X\BO(大43家),thepolicearrivedsoonafterwards.TheyapologizedtomyfriendfortheEQ\X\BO(大44家),butexplainedthatapersonwhohadusedthesamenameashiswasresponsibleforanumberofrecentrobberies.Thenthepoliceaskedmyfriendtocopyoutanotewhichhadbeenusedbythethiefinanumberofshops.ThenoteEQ\X\BO(大45家):“Ihaveaguninmypocket.Asknoquestionsandgivemeallthemoneyinthesafe.〞Fortunately,myfriend’shandwritingwasquiteunlikethethief’s.Hewasnotonlyallowedtogowithoutfurtherdelay,buttotakethestringofpearlswithhim.36. [A]exactly[B]really[C]largely[D]thoroughly37. [A]danger[B]chance[C]risk[D]opportunity38. [A]within[B]beyond[C]without[D]outof39. [A]indifficulty[B]indoubt[C]inearnest[D]inquestion40. [A]amount[B]stock[C]number[D]store41. [A]inorder[B]inneed[C]inuse[D]incommon42. [A]whether[B]if[C]otherwise[D]unless43. [A]Really[B]Sureenough[C]Certainly[D]However44. [A]treatment[B]manner[C]inconvenience[D]behaviour45. [A]read[B]told[C]wrote[D]informedSectionV VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswerintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________(appoint)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointed46. Withallfactors________(consider)wethinkthisprogrammayexcelalltheothersinachievingthegoal.47. Theyhadbeenworkingroundtheclockforacoupleofdays________(hope)togetthedesignoutbeforetheircompetitorsdid.48. There’sageneralunderstandingamongthemembersoftheBoardofDirectorsthatchiefattention________(give)totheundertakingthatisexpectedtobringinhighestprofit.49. Ifwedon’tstartoutnow,wemustrisk________(miss)thetrain.50. Thistest________(intend)toreinforcewhatyouhavelearntinthepastfewweeks.51. Themembersofthedelegationwereglad________(stay)longerthanoriginallyplanned.52. Withfullknowledgeofhispastexperience,weknewallalongthathe________(succeed).53. ________(Knownot)whatappropriatemeasurestobetakentocopewiththesituation,hewrotetohislawyerforadvice.54. It’snogood________(write)tohim,heneveranswersletters.Theonlythingtodoistogoandseehim.55. ________(Come)whatmay,we’renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.SectionVI Error-detectionandCorrectionEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedparts(wordsorphrases).Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownthecorrectwordorphraseonthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingeq\o(because,\s\do14(A))eq\o(there’s,\s\do14(B))hardlyeq\o(something,\s\do14(C))eq\o(left,\s\do14(D)).ANSWER:[C]anything56. eq\o(In,\s\do14(A))hisresponseeq\o(to,\s\do14(B))theadvertisement,Ed.repliedthathewaslookingforafull-timeeq\o(position,\s\do14(C))notaeq\o(part-time,\s\do14(D))one.57. Noonewhoeq\o(hasseen,\s\do14(A))himeq\o(work,\s\do14(B))inthelaboratoryeq\o(candeny,\s\do14(C))thatWilliamhasgreatcapabilitieseq\o(of,\s\do14(D))research.58. Neitherofthealternativesthateq\o(hadbeenoutlined,\s\do14(A))ateq\o(thelastmeeting,\s\do14(B))eq\o(were,\s\do14(C))acceptableeq\o(to,\s\do14(D))theexecutivecommittee.59. Airlinecompaniestodayeq\o(require,\s\do14(A))thatalleq\o(luggage’s,\s\do14(B))eq\o(beinspected,\s\do14(C))beforepassengersareadmittedeq\o(into,\s\do14(D))thewaitingrooms.60. AlthoughAliceeq\o(hasbeen,\s\do14(A))tothemountainseq\o(manytimes,\s\do14(B))before,sheeq\o(still,\s\do14(C))loveseq\o(visitingit,\s\do14(D)).61. AnimportantfunctionoftheWorldHealthOrganizationistoeq\o(improve,\s\do14(A))theeq\o(healthy,\s\do14(B))andlivingconditionsforthesickeq\o(andthepoorof,\s\do14(C))eq\o(world,\s\do14(D)).62. Theelementcarboniseq\o(widely,\s\do14(A))eq\o(found,\s\do14(B))ineq\o(nature,\s\do14(C))inmanyformsincludingbothdiamondseq\o(aswellas,\s\do14(D))coal.63. eq\o(Whilestillayoungboy,\s\do14(A))Bizetkneweq\o(toplay,\s\do14(B))thepianowellandeq\o(as,\s\do14(C))hegrewolder,hewroteoperas,themostfamouseq\o(ofwhich,\s\do14(D))isCarmen.64. eq\o(Despitethefactthat,\s\do14(A))theSouthPoleiseq\o(assnow-covered,\s\do14(B))andeq\o(stormy-weathered,\s\do14(C))astheNorthPole,iteq\o(iscolder,\s\do14(D))thantheNorthPole.65. eq\o(Climate,\s\do14(A))conditionseq\o(varywidely,\s\do14(B))fromplacetoplaceandfromseasontoseason,butacertaineq\o(orderandpattern,\s\do14(C))canbeeq\o(identifiable,\s\do14(D)).SectionVII Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(15points)66. 所有那些努力工作的人都應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì)。67. 我們懇切希望你早日給我們一個(gè)答復(fù)。68. 即使你說服不了他，也不要灰心喪氣。69. 這件事至今還沒有得出正確的結(jié)論。70. 你講英語(yǔ)時(shí)，發(fā)音要準(zhǔn)，否那么人家就聽不懂你的意思。SectionVIII English-ChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)Havetherealwaysbeencities?(71)Lifewithoutlargeurbanareasmayseeminconceivabletous,butactuallycitiesarerelativelyrecentdevelopment.Groupswithprimitiveeconomicsstillmanagewithoutthem.Thetrend,however,isforsuchgroupstodisappear,whilecitiesareincreasinglybecomingthedominantmodeofman’ssocialexistence.(72)Historically,citylifehasalwaysbeenamongtheelementswhichformacivilization.Anyhighdegreeofhumanendeavorandachievementhasbeencloselylinkedtolifeinanurbanenvironment.(73)Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethatuniversities,hospitals,largebusinessesorevenscienceandtechnologycouldhavecomeintobeingwithoutcitiestosupportthem.Tomostpeople,citieshavetraditionallybeentheareaswheretherewasaconcentrationofcultureaswellasofopportunity.(74)Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguntobecomeawarethatcitiesarealsoareaswherethereisaconcentrationofproblems.Whathashappenedtothemo