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長難句分析第一節(jié):句子的基本結構

一)

主語+謂語

1.Allofuslaughed.

2.Thetelephonerang.

3.Weallbreathe,drinkandeat.

二)

主語+謂語+賓語

1.Imissedmygrandma.

2.HeiswatchingTV.

3.Youcansingthesong.

三)

主語+系動詞+表語

1.Iamateacher.

2.Theplansoundsperfect.

3.Thismaterialfeelssoft.

一、簡單句的基本句型

主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語

1.Shemadeherselfanewdress.2.Mymotherboughtmeadictionary.

3.Pleaseshowmeyourticket.4.TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.

簡單句的基本句型

主語+謂語+賓語補足語

1.Wehaveprovedhimwrong.

2.Whatmakeyouthinkso?

3.Hefoundthechildfastasleep.4.Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.

5.Helikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.6.Wehearhersingnextdoor.

簡單句的基本句型

由并列連詞連接的多個簡單句構成的句子并列連詞:and,but,or,so1.Ilikedancing,andmybrotherlikessinging.2.BillcanspeakEnglish,buthecan‘tspeakChinese.3.Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.4.Hegotuplate,so

hemissedthebus.5.Itrainedheavilybutwegothomeafterall.6.Igotupandrushedout.二、并列句

由引導詞連接多個單句構成的句子。

連詞:if,whether,what,which,how,when,where,because,since,that,although,though,as,once,...1.Whatreallymattersisyourattitude.2.Iknow

thattheskyisblue.3.ThisistheplacethatIvisitedyesterday.4.

Ifitrains,I’llstayathome.5.Thenewsthatthestarwillvisitourvillageisspreadingquickly.6.ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.三、(主從)復合句四、句子分析的突破策略結構分析法。通過語法分析,迅速弄清句子的結構,把握住句子的基本框架?;静襟E:1.判斷該句是簡單句、并列句、復合句、并列復合句?

關鍵:找連詞,找謂語,確定幾套主謂結構,判斷句子類型2.找出句子的核心成分,再分清句子的附屬成分。

關鍵:根據(jù)謂語,確定主語、賓語等主干結構,判斷基本句型

根據(jù)位置和含義,確定附屬成分:定語、狀語、同位語、插入語Lookingdown,Iimmediatelyrecognizedsomethingunusual,and

randowntotheedgeofthenearbank.MaShwehadcrossedtheriverand

gotupthebankand

wasmakingherwaybackasfastaspossible,roaring(吼叫)allthetime...…,thesignatureisasymbolofconsent,anagreementtotakethematterseriously.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatfiveintheafternoon.第二節(jié)多個并列成分應對策略:1.多個并列成分:關鍵是找到連詞,判定并列成分,并當成一個詞組或意群來對待。2.附屬成分:抓住主干成分(謂語—主語),抽絲剝繭理清附屬成分。復雜簡單句長難句類型多個附屬成分(定語、狀語、同位語)方法:較復雜單句的處理方法——找句子的主干成分較復雜的單句在高考試卷中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),所以應引起同學們的足夠重視。①Today

allthreegenerationsregardthemove

asasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.(2016全國卷ⅠB篇)此句的主語為allthreegenerations,謂語為regard,賓語為themove,asasuccess為賓語補足語。Today為時間狀語,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities為現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作結果狀語,且該分詞短語中含有一個由than引導的比較狀語從句。句意:今天所有的三代人都認為這次搬遷非常成功,讓他們擁有了比在不同的城市居住更加密切的關系。②Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,

we'vegot72hours

atmost.(2016全國卷ⅠC篇)此句的主語為we,謂語為havegot,賓語為72hours。句中的Inall和atmost均為狀語,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonortothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient為時間狀語。句意:從干細胞從捐贈人那里采集出來到移植到病人體內(nèi),我們總共至多有72個小時的時間。難點突破1.介詞短語【定義】從介詞開始到名詞結束、表達一個獨立的完整的含義的結構?!酒鹬箻俗R】標記介詞短語時,要從介詞開始到介詞之后的第一個名詞終止。如:athome、intheschool、inthebeautifulpark、duringmyhappychildhood、overthelastfewyears、forthreeweeks【例句】AfterchattingwithLauraonthismatterfortwohoursfrom2:00to4:00intheafternoon,Ireturnedtomyoffice.

難點突破2.非謂語動詞短語【定義】非謂語動詞是指動詞在句子中"不是謂語"時的幾種變化形式,主要包括動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)三類。非謂語動詞不能獨立作謂語,而是充當句子的其他成分。由非謂語動詞開頭的、表示一個獨立、完整的含義的結構叫做非謂語動詞短語。【起止標識】標記非謂語動詞短語時,一定是從動詞不定式(todo)、動名詞(doing)或分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞doing或過去分詞done)開頭,到以下四種情況終止。①到______________________終止,如:LiHuiisateacherteachingEnglish.②到______________________終止,如:ToimprovemyEnglish,IoftenlistentotheEnglishradio.③到______________________終止,如:We,singingahappysong,rodetoschool.④到______________________終止,如:IwillinviteYaoMingwhowasatopbasketballplayertoBeijing.(toBeijing是介詞短語,屬于另一個修飾成分,故從句的標記在此處終止)例1:SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,tohelpreduceunemploymentpressures.主干:例2:Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines,thetoothpastemarketer,forinstance,mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.主干:1.Aspeciallowentrancechargeof£2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganizedgroupswithteachers.主干:2.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.主干:3.Asamainpromoteroftheinternationalteaday,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.主干:當堂訓練兩個或兩個以上的簡單句,由表示并列關系的連詞或標點符號連接而成。并列連詞:for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so,notonly...but

also...,

neither...nor...,

either...or...,

while例:1.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.2.EverybodyisdomintedbytheimagesproducedintheWest”and,therefore,hischallengeistocreatealocalarchitecturallanguage,oneofthemanythatAfricanarchitecturecancoin(創(chuàng)造),withoutfallingintothestereotypeoftheimpoverishedvillageorviolentslums(貧民窟)atpollutedoutskirts.并列句第二節(jié):長難句類型方法:并列句的處理方法——找并列連詞①Herpopular1962book

SilentSpring

raisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionand

theharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumans

and

ontheworld‘slakes

andoceans.(2016全國卷ⅠA篇)

此句中的第一個and連接并列的名詞短語thedangersofpollution和theharmfuleffectsofchemicals,都作awareness后介詞of的賓語,第二個and前后的humans和theworld'slakesandoceans都是介詞on的賓語。句意:她1962年的受歡迎的書籍《寂靜的春天》提高了人們對于污染的危險的意識以及化學物質對人類和世界上的湖泊和海洋的有害影響的意識。②Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed(改道)methroughNewark

and

gotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.(2016全國卷ⅠC篇)此句中的and連接3個并列謂語arrangedfor,re-routedthrough和gotbackto。句意:她為我安排了一次乘坐小型飛機改道經(jīng)紐瓦克市的航程,使我回到英國的時間甚至比原定的時間還要早。從屬連詞InAdverbialClauses狀從:(時間,地點,原因,讓步,條件,目的,方式,結果)before,after,when,while,as,since,until,till,if,unless,incase,inorderthat,sothat,because,as,since,so…that,such…thatalthough,though,eventhough/if,whether,asif,asthough,where….InAttributiveClauses定從:(限制性,非限制性)which,that,who,whom,whose,as,when,where,why…InNounClauses名從:(主賓表同)that,whether,if,what,which,who,whom,when,why,where,how,…第二節(jié):長難句類型復合句Theanswerisverypersonalandliesinhowmuchwewanttogetinvolved.Hegivessimplybecausehewantstohelpbutnotforthepublicityhisdonationsmaybring…Thisrequirementtoprovidepersonalparticularsisaclearindicationthatwritersareheldresponsiblefor

whattheysay.

第二節(jié):長難句類型特征:從句從來只是充當一種句子成分,以引導詞開頭。應對策略:把從句當作一個整體或直接用某個符號代替該從句,能讓我們更容易分析句子成分。復合句同位語從句賓語從句賓語從句狀語從句定語從句一個從句兩個或多個從句一個從句中嵌套另一或多個從句方法:主從復合句的處理方法——找從屬連詞①Therefore,

when

apersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,what

maybeimplied(暗示)is

that

thepersonwantsthelistenertoconsider

what

hasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.(2016全國卷ⅠD篇)此句中when引導了一個時間狀語從句,而whatmaybeimpliedisthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing為主句,其中whatmaybeimplied為主句主語,thatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing為表語從句,表語從句中又含有一個由what引導的賓語從句,即whathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing句意:因此,當一個來自這些文化中的人在講話時突然停下來,這可能暗示著他想讓聽眾思考他之前所講的話。②Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportantitistobenearthem,especially

when

you'reraisingchildren.(2016全國卷ⅠB篇)此句中when引導時間狀語從句,而Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportantitistobenearthem為主句,主句中含有兩個賓語從句,即howimportantfamilyis和howimportantitistobenearthem。句意:我們現(xiàn)在意識到了家庭是多么重要以及居住的地方離他們近是多么重要,尤其是當我們在撫養(yǎng)孩子的時候。難點突破3.從句【定義】從句是復合句中不能獨立成句,但具有主語部分和謂語部分,由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which、if、although等關系詞引導的非主句部分。【起止標識】標記從句時,一定從關系詞開始,到以下位置終止。①到___________________終止,如LiHuiisateacherwhoteachesEnglish.②到____________________終止,如:WhenIwasyoung,Ilistenedtotheradio.③到____________________終止,如YaoMingwhowasatopbasketballplayerisstudyinginShanghai.④到____________________終止,如:IwillinviteYaoMingwhowasatopbasketballplayertoBeijing.(toBeijing是介詞短語,屬于另一個修飾成分,故從句的標記在此處終止)當堂訓練(1)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregatingaroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusionthatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.(2)Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimateasumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.(3)Beforeaskingquestionsaboutthecoursedesign,readthesyllabusandlearningmanagementsysteminformationtobesuretheanswerisn’thidinginplainsight.Iknew,aswellasshedid,thattherewasonespot(地點)whereshecouldgetupthebankbutitwasontheothersidefromwhereshehadputhercalf.Weallwanttohonourourownname,anditisonlybystampingourexpressionofanopinionwithourownnamethatwehonourwhatwesay.特征:句中有一個乃至多個連詞(并列連詞及從屬連詞)應對策略:從大到小——先并列連詞,再從屬連詞;先并列分句,再主從復合句。并列連詞從屬連詞從屬連詞并列復合句第二節(jié):長難句類型意群閱讀法

意群閱讀法即把意義和語法結構上有關聯(lián)的幾個詞連接成較完整的信息。此方法不僅有利于提高閱讀速度,而且有利于對句子的整體理解。例如:Whentwocarstravellingat30mhhiteachother①,anunbelteddriverwouldmeetthewindshield②withaforceequaltodivingheadfirstintothegroundfromaheightof10meters③.分析:①是狀語從句,②是主句,③是with引導的介詞短語作狀語,修飾謂語。這樣,把整個句子劃為4個意群,可以大大提高閱讀速度。

拓展例1WhatWinterknowsofthe19-year-oldwhosavedhislifeisonlythathediedinacaraccidentandthathisfamilywaswillingtohonorhiswishesanddonatehisorgansfortransplantation

(移植).

例2Pasteurdiscoveredthatheatingthewinegentlyforafewminutesafterithadfermentedwouldkillofftheyeastthatwasleftinthewine,withtheresultthatthewinewouldremainfreshformuchlonger.

practice||||||||||||||||||||||總之,在閱讀過程中遇到長難句,按照上面所講述的方法進行分析,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些句子不再難。例如:①ThefreezingNortheasthasn'tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter,②\[so(③whenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota,Florida),(④mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay"sunshine")\].(2015全國卷ⅠB篇)分析:①是主句,②是so引導的原因狀語從句,該原因狀語從句中又含有由when引導的時間狀語從句③和時間狀語從句的主句④。這樣,把整個句子劃為4個意群,可以迅速提高閱讀速度。句意:寒冷的東北部不是度過這個冬季的非常有趣的地方,所以,當有機會去佛羅里達州的薩拉索塔市度過周末時,我的包在你還沒來得及說是晴天的時候就已經(jīng)打包好了。其它句子分析的困難◆1.Inversion:倒裝句與正常語序不同,往往會加深理解的難度Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.◆2.Ellipsis:句子的省略Manyyearsago,ifyouwantedarecordingofasong,youwouldhavetopurchaseitfromamusicstore;ifanovel,fromabookstore.Ifyouwantedanovel,youwouldhavetopurchaseitfromabookstore.=第二節(jié):長難句類型Iknew,aswellasshedid,thattherewasonespot(地點)whereshecouldgetupthebank…Theabsenceofasignature,theyexplain,tellsusthatthewritercannotbetooseriousandthereforedoesnotdeserveareply.3.插入語或同位語造成句子分離特征:前后有逗號隔開,不充當主干成分應對策略:理解大意時,可以不理或剔除其它句子分析的困難第二節(jié):長難句類型MaShwewasasneartothefarbankasshecouldget,holdingherwholebodyagainsttherushingwaterand

keepingthecalfpressedagainstherhugebody.Thenwithahugeeffort,shepickeditupinhertrunkandtrieduntilshewasabletoplaceitonanarrowshelfofrockHegivessimplybecausehewantstohelpbutnotforthepublicityhisdonationsmaybring…4.多個狀語特征:狀語位于句子的主干成分之前,常有逗號與句子主干隔開;對句子主干起補充說明作用。應對策略:利用狀語在句子中的位置關系,確定句子主干成分。狀語從句連接兩個分詞作狀語引導時間狀語從句其它句子分析的困難連接兩個原因狀語方式狀語第二節(jié):長難句類型真題鞏固練1.

AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.分析:翻譯:主干部分:Allcustomersmustbeinpossessionofavalidticket。現(xiàn)在

分詞短語travellingonTransLinkservices做后置定語;時間狀語:beforeboarding。所有使用TransLink服務的客戶在登機前必須持有有效機票。2.

WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.分析:翻譯:主干部分:therecanbenoguaranteeofconnections介詞短語做定語:betweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.讓步狀語從句:WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled。雖然昆士蘭鐵路公司盡一切努力確保列車按計劃運行,但無法保證列車之間或列車服務與公共汽車服務之間的連接。3.

There’sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.分析:翻譯:

主干部分:There’safamiliarity-butalsoasuspicion。同位語從句:thattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship解釋說明名詞suspicion

。這是一種可喜的熟悉,但有時也會有一點懷疑,時間改變了你們倆,從而改變了你們的關系。4.

It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.分析:翻譯:

主干部分:It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow賓語從句:whatonecontributestothenow,and連接thenow和賓語從句共同做about的賓語。原因狀語從句:becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.它是關于現(xiàn)在和一個人對現(xiàn)在的貢獻,因為閱讀是作者和讀者之間的一種交換。5

Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.分析:翻譯:主干部分:Racewalkingsharesbenefitswithrunning時間狀語從句:whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.研究顯示,競走與跑步有許多健身好處,而且很可能減少受傷。6.

ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.分析:翻譯:

主干部分:Thelongesttrackandfieldeventisthe50-kilometerracewalk非限制性定語從句:whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.修飾racewalk。夏季奧運會最長的田徑項目是50公里競走,比馬拉松長約5英里。7.

It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.分析:翻譯:

主干部分:thisstrangeformmakesracewalkinganattractiveactivity強調句:It’sthisstrangeformthat…強調主語。然而,馬薩諸塞州塞勒姆市塞勒姆州立大學運動科學助理教授jaclynnorberg說,正是這種奇怪的形式使競走成為一種吸引人的活動。8.

Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.分析:翻譯:

主干部分:racewalkerswouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour。有兩個非限制性定語從句分別修飾racewalkers和running,分詞短語movingatapaceofsixmilesperhour做racewalkers的后置定語讓步狀語從句:althoughfewerthanrunning,

根據(jù)大多數(shù)計算,競走運動員以每小時6英里的速度運動,每小時將燃燒800卡路里,這大約是他們步行所消耗熱量的兩倍,雖然比跑步要少,但每小時可能燃燒約1000卡路里或更多。9.

Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.分析:翻譯:

主干部分:runnershitthegroundwhileracewalkerscreateabout1.4times。While連接兩個句子,表示對比。介詞短語withasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep做伴隨狀語;定語從句:whodonotleavetheground修飾racewalkers。根據(jù)她的研究,跑步者每一步落地的重量是他們體重的四倍,而不離開地面的競走者每走一步產(chǎn)生的重量只有他們體重的1.4倍。10.

Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.分析:翻譯:

主干部分:thesport’sstrangeformplacestressontheanklesandhips;does

強調謂語動詞place,意思“的確”

結果狀語從句:sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.介詞短語withahistoryofsuchinjuries做定語修飾people

但這項運動奇特的形式確實給腳踝和臀部帶來了相當大的壓力,因此有過此類損傷史的人在接受這項運動時可能需要謹慎。11.

Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.分析:翻譯:主干部分:anyoneshouldconsultacoachorexperiencedracer分詞wishingtotryracewalking作定語修飾anyone:目的狀語:tolearnpropertechnique。她說,事實上,任何想嘗試競走的人都應該先咨詢教練或有經(jīng)驗的運動員,學習正確的技術。12.

Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.分析:翻譯:本句的主干是Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhome。并列謂語謂語動詞gave和headed由and連接;動詞不定式tosee...mightbring做目的狀語,表示“為了…”;what引導的賓語從句whatnewsthenightmightbring做see的賓語。我盡可能多地給房主提供信息,然后返回家看看那晚可能會有什么樣的消息。10.

Eachyear,world-famousartistsareinvitedtodesignandproduceworksofartfromtheice,manyofwhichcanbefoundintherooms.分析:翻譯:本句的主干是artistsareinvitedtodesignandproduceworksofarts。areinvitedto使用了一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài);which引導非限制性定語從句,修飾worksofartfromtheice;manyofwhich在定語從句中做主語,謂語部分canbefound使用了情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。每年,世界著名的藝術家都會受邀用冰塊設計和制作藝術作品,其中很多作品都可以在房間里找到。13.Forty-twopercentofpeopleaskedadmittedtheyturnedtothebackofthebooktoreadtheendbeforefinishingthestory.分析:翻譯:本句的主干是Forty-twopercentofpeopleadmitted。過去分詞asked做后置定語修飾people;admitted后面是省略了that的賓語從句;toreadtheend是不定式做目的狀語;before引導時間狀語,句中before是介詞,所以后面使用了動名詞形式的finishingthestory。

42%的被調查者承認他們在讀完故事之前,先翻到書的后面讀了結尾。13.Onlybyincreasingthenumberofdoctorsby50percentcanthepatientsbetreatedproperlyinthishospital.分析:翻譯:本句的主干是canthepatientsbetreatedproperly?!皁nly+狀語”放在句首時,句子要部分倒裝,byincreasingthenumberofdoctorsby50percent是方式狀語;can是謂語中的情態(tài)動詞,因倒裝前置,正常語序應該是thepatientscanbetreatedproperlyinthishospital。只有將醫(yī)生的人數(shù)增加50%,才能使病人們在這家醫(yī)院得到充分的治療。14.

Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonortothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.分析:翻譯:主干是we'vegot72hours。fromthetime...tothetime..使用固定搭配“from...to...”,意為“從…到…”,其中thestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor為省略關系副詞when的定語從句,修飾先行詞thetime,同樣theycanbeimplantedinthepatient也為定語從句,修飾的thetime。在定語從句中,都使用了被動語態(tài)??傊瑥母杉毎删璜I者體內(nèi)取出到它們被植入到病人體內(nèi),我們最多有72小時的時間。15.

Thishasledtothegrowthofaleisureindustryinthecapital'ssuburbswhichuntilthelate-1990swereunreachabletoordinarypeople.分析:翻譯:

本句的主干是Thishasledtothegrowthofaleisureindustry。which引導了一個定語從句修飾leisureindustry,從句中的untilthelate-1990s做時間狀語,敘述的是20世紀90年代末期的情況,因此使用了一般過去時。這導致了首都郊區(qū)休閑產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,直到20世紀90年代末,普通人還無法接觸到這類產(chǎn)業(yè)。16.Sure,it'sgreattowriteaboutatouristattraction,butyou'dbettergetthelocalmuseumhourscorrectoryoucouldreallyruinsomeone'svacation.分析:翻譯:

本句是由but、or連接的并列句,三個分句的主干是it'sgreatto...,butyou'dbetter...oryoucould...。在it'sgreattowriteaboutatouristattraction中,it做形式主語,真正的主語是不定式towriteaboutatouristattraction。此外,but和or表轉折,or意為“否則”。當然,寫一篇關于旅游勝地的文章很不錯,但你最好把當?shù)夭┪镳^開放的時間寫準確,否則你可能真的會毀了某些人的假期。17.Whenyourchildgrowsabitolderandunderstandsthebasicfunctionofmoney,youcanstartexplainingmorecomplexwaysofusingmoney.分析:翻譯:本句的主干是youcanstartexplainingmorecomplexways。ofusingmoney做后置定語修飾ways;句首When引導時間狀語從句,從句中and連接兩個謂語動詞grows和understands,構成并列的謂語結構。當你的孩子長大一點并理解錢的基本功能時,你就可以開始解釋更復雜的花錢方式了。18.Itisimportanttogiveyourchildthespaceheneedstogrowwhilegentlylettinghimknowthatyou'llstillbe

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