跨文化交際第六講：跨文化交際與禮儀

跨文化交際Cross-CulturalCommunication第六講跨文化交際與禮儀跨文化交際與禮儀在全球化的今天，越來越多的國家和地區(qū)都在使用一種國際通行的商務(wù)禮儀。本講主要介紹這種通行規(guī)則，必要時談及文化差異。第六講跨文化交際與禮儀服飾禮儀用餐禮儀握手禮儀介紹禮儀名片禮儀如何送禮如何付小費(fèi)國際交往中要注意的幾個原則第六講跨文化交際與禮儀服飾禮儀用餐禮儀握手禮儀介紹禮儀名片禮儀如何送禮如何付小費(fèi)國際交往中要注意的幾個原則服飾禮儀基本原則：根據(jù)不同場合的要求，選擇不同的服飾。非正式場合：自由，彰顯個性；正式場合：莊重而保守。非正式場合正式場合的男裝Conservative2-piecedarksuit,navyblueormediumtodarkgray保守的2件套深色西服（深藍(lán)色，中至深灰）。Longsleevedblueorwhiteshirt長袖藍(lán)色或白色襯衣。Silktiecomplimentingincolororstyle顏色、款式靚麗的絲質(zhì)領(lǐng)帶Blackdresssocks黑色正裝襪Darkpolishedshoesandmatchingbelt深色光亮的皮鞋，相配的腰帶Jewelry–Nobracelets,earringsorlargerings首飾—無手鐲，耳環(huán)或大戒指正式場合的男裝男人穿西裝高水準(zhǔn)三要求：1、

三色原則：全身不要超過三個色系，盡量少，但別完全一樣。2、

三一定律：鞋子腰帶公文包一個顏色。最好皮鞋黑色系帶表莊重。3、

三大禁忌：不穿白襪子，鞋子襪子渾然一色最好看；穿夾克打領(lǐng)帶是業(yè)余華僑基本裝，等同外國的褲衩背心；袖子商標(biāo)不拆代表未啟封。彰顯個性的男裝男人的衣櫥（1）Navyblueblazer深藍(lán)色夾克衫Onepairofhigh-qualitykhakitrousers一條高質(zhì)量卡其布褲子Onepairofhigh-qualitygreytrousers一條高質(zhì)量灰色褲子Onedarksuit(navyorcharcoalgrey)一套深色西服（深藍(lán)或深灰色）Onewhite,dressshirt一件白色正裝襯衣男人的衣櫥（2）Fivebasicdressshirts(colorandconservativepatterns)五件其他正裝襯衣（顏色和款式保守）Fivehigh-qualityties(bright-coloredandsophisticated)五條高質(zhì)量領(lǐng)帶（顏色明亮，作工考究）Blackcap-toeand/orwingtip(lace-up)shoe黑色圓頭或尖頭（有帶的）皮鞋Blackorbrownslip-onloafer黑色或棕色易穿/脫的休閑皮鞋正式場合的女裝Darkconservativesuit.Twopiece1or2buttonjacketandkneelengthskirt.黑色保守套裝：2件套一?？刍蚨？巯乱?，齊膝的裙子Whiteorlightcoloredlongsleevedblousethatisnotlowcutorsheer.非低領(lǐng)，非透明的白色或淺色長袖襯衣Blackwellpolishedshoeswith1to1?inchheels.黑色、光亮皮鞋（有1-1.5英寸的鞋跟，1英寸=2.54厘米）Naturaltoneorsheerblackpantyhose.肉色或透明的黑色長筒襪Limitedconservativejewelry數(shù)量有限的、保守的首飾彰顯個性的女裝第六講跨文化交際與禮儀服飾禮儀用餐禮儀握手禮儀介紹禮儀名片禮儀如何送禮如何付小費(fèi)國際交往中要注意的幾個原則DiningwithStyleandGrace餐前注意事項(xiàng)1.Arriveontime.準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)Arrive5-10minutesearlyandwaitforyourhost.提前5-10分鐘到達(dá)Don’tarrivetooearly.不要到的太早2.Areceptionbeforethemeal餐前招待Stand-upandgreetothersastheyarrive.起身迎客Introduceyourselftootherguests.自我介紹餐前注意事項(xiàng)3.Thehostwillseatyouortherewillbeplacecardsindicatingyourseatatthetable.就座4.Themealbeginswhenthehostess/host

unfoldshisorhernapkin.開動餐前注意事項(xiàng)5.Napkin餐巾Ifitisalargesquare,folditdiagonallyandplaceinyourlapwiththepointfacingyouknees.Itisnotawesterncustomtoplaceacornerofthenapkinundertheplate.Donottuckthenapkinintoyourclothingorattheneck.Itshouldremaininyourlapexceptwhenblottingyourmouthaftereachcourse.餐前注意事項(xiàng)5.Napkin餐巾餐前注意事項(xiàng)5.Napkin餐巾Ifyourisefromthetablemid-meal,whereshouldyouplaceyournapkin?Onyourchairtoindicateyouwillreturn.Whatshouldyoudowithyournapkinattheendofthemeal?Onlyreturnyournapkintothetablewhenthemealiscompletelyfinishedandyouareleavingthetable.Foldlooselyandplaceontheleftsideoftheplate.餐前注意事項(xiàng)6.Silverware餐具餐前注意事項(xiàng)餐前注意事項(xiàng)餐前注意事項(xiàng)6.Silverware餐具Whattouse?Startfurthestfromtheplateandworkin.先用離盤子最遠(yuǎn)的刀、叉、匙。Silverwareatthetopoftheplateisfordessert.盤子上方的叉、匙是吃甜食用的。Makingab&dwithyourhands(b&d=breadplate&drinks).用手持面包盤和飲料。餐前注意事項(xiàng)6.Silverware餐具Soiledsilverware?Subtlyrequestnewfromserver弄臟了就換。Silverwaredropped?Donotpickitup.Leaveitandasktheserverforareplacement.掉在地上，千萬別撿，再換一副。Restusedutensilsonplate,nottablecloth.用過的刀、叉、匙放在盤上，而不是臺布上。餐前注意事項(xiàng)6.Silverware餐具Theknifeisheldintherighthandandtheforkinthelefthandwheneatingfishormeat.左手持叉，右手持刀。Pointtheprongsoftheforkdownward.Putthesharpedgeoftheknifedownward.叉頭朝下，刀鋒向下（向內(nèi)）。餐前注意事項(xiàng)7.DrinkingGlasses酒杯Severalglasseswillbeplacedattheupperrightabovetheeatingutensils.Theywillarrangedfromrighttoleftintheorderofcoursestobeserved.各種酒杯放在右上方，自右至左取用。Therewillbeawatergoblet,glassesforawhitewine(todrinkwiththefish,thechicken,orsaladcourse),aredwinegoblet(todrinkwiththeredmeatcourse)andachampagneflute(tobeusedwithdessertandforthetoasts)ifitisaspecialevent.吃白肉，喝白酒；吃紅肉，喝紅酒；要干杯，用香檳。餐前注意事項(xiàng)7.DrinkingGlasses酒杯Ifyoudonotdrinkwineoralcoholicbeverages,donotturnyourglassupsidedown.Asthewaitercomestopourthewine,putyourhandabovetheglasssignifyingyoudonotwantitfilled.不喝酒的話，別把酒杯倒置。Donotdrinkthewinebeforethehost/hostesshasliftedhisorherglass.主人沒舉杯，千萬別喝酒。Whendrinkingwine,donotemptytheglass.Alwaysleavealittleofthewineinthebottomoftheglasssothatanysedimentsettles.喝酒勿盡。西餐的用餐順序1.oystersintheshellorseafoodcocktailorcaviar2.soup,poteoffruitorcakewithberrysauce8.coffeeandtea西餐的用餐順序另一種說法：開胃菜（色拉、泥子、凍子）湯（紅湯，白湯）副菜（白肉：魚肉或雞肉）主菜（紅肉——牛、羊或豬肉和蔬菜）甜點(diǎn)（冰淇淋、布?。┧嬃嫌貌徒Y(jié)束？用餐結(jié)束Whenthemealisfinished,placeyournapkinunfoldedontheleftofyourplacesetting,pushingyourchairbackandexitingontheright.用餐結(jié)束后，餐巾展開放在餐具左側(cè)，從右側(cè)離席，將椅子推回。用餐結(jié)束？用餐結(jié)束Placeallofyourutensilsontheplatewiththetipoftheforkandknifeacrosstheplate,pointingat11o’clock.WorldClassDiningDo’sandDon’tsDobepreparedfortheelaboratesocializingthattakesplaceinsomeculturesbeforebusinessismentioned.注意在某些文化下，談生意之前要做很多社交活動。DOletyourguestsknowifthereisaguestofhonorwhenyouarethehost/hostess.如果你是主人，一定要告訴客人，這里是否有貴賓。DOintroduceeveryoneatagroupbusinesslunchordinner.Alsomentiontheirjobtitleorfunctionsothattheguestscanbetteraddresstheircommentstooneanother.一定要將同組的每一位客人都介紹一遍，注意提及他們的頭銜。WorldClassDiningDo’sandDon’tsDOgreetyourhostandhostessfirst,butdon’tmonopolizetheirtime.一定要問候主人，但不要壟斷他們的時間。DON’Thesitatetointroduceyourselfifthehostorhostessisbusywithanotherguest.Itisoneofthedutiesofaguest.如果主人忙于照顧其他客人，要毫不猶豫地做自我介紹。DON’Ttalkonlytoacquaintances.Itisyourdutytominglewithotherguests.不要只顧和熟人說話，要顧及到其他客人。WorldClassDiningDo’sandDon’tsDOeatsomethingbeforeyougotodinewithaclientorasuperiorinyourorganization.Youdon’twanttoappearhungry.在與顧客或上司會餐前，要先吃點(diǎn)東西。你不能表現(xiàn)得很餓。DON’Tbegintodrinkyourwineuntilthehostorhostesshasliftedhisorherglass.主人舉杯前不要喝酒。DOconversewiththepeopleseatedoneachsideofyou.Oneorbothofthemmaybe“charmfree”(boring).Thisdoesnotmeanyoushouldbe.一定要和座位左右的人說話。他們中可能有人不善言辭，但你不能一言不發(fā)。WorldClassDiningDo’sandDon’tsDON’Tbegineatinguntileveryonehasbeenservedwhenyouareseatedwithasmallgroup.Whenseatedatalongbanquettableof24,youmaybegineatingafterthoseinyourimmediatearea(abouteightpeople)havebeenserved.每一個的菜都上齊時再開動（長桌則只看近鄰）。WorldClassDiningDo’sandDon’tsDOlearntherulesoftoasting.Inothercountries,itisthecustomatthebeginningofthemealforthehostorhostesstogiveawelcomingtoasttotheguests.Heorshemaystandforalargegrouporremainseatedforasmallgroup.Atdesserttime,thehosttoaststheguestofhonor.Theguestofhonorreturnsthetoast.Otherguestscannowproposeatoast.學(xué)會敬酒的規(guī)矩（通常在甜點(diǎn)時間敬酒，主人和貴賓敬酒后其他人再敬酒）。WorldClassDiningDo’sandDon’tsDObepreparedfortoastingatdinnersinrestaurantsorhomes.Youmustparticipateoryouwillbeconsideredsociallyunsophisticated.However,internationalprotocoldictatesthatyoudonottoastaguestofhigherrank,whoisolderthanyouare,orthehostorhostess,unlessheorsheinitiatesthetoast.無論是家宴還是在外就餐，都要做好敬酒的準(zhǔn)備。你必須參與，顯得很有教養(yǎng)。但是，國際規(guī)則告訴我們，不要向高級別的客人（長者）和主人敬酒，除非他/她先敬。WorldClassDiningDo’sandDon’tsDON’Tuseyourcellphoneinarestaurant,unlessitisafamilyorbusinessemergencies.除非緊急情況，在餐廳不要接打手機(jī)。DON’Ttalkwhilechewingfoodandneverchewwithyourmouthopen.Ifsomeoneasksyouaquestionwhileyouarechewing,pointtoyourclosedmouthandfinishchewingandswallowingbeforeanswering.咀嚼東西時不要講話，不要張嘴。如果有人在你咀嚼時問問題，指一下你的嘴，示意他/她，你不便馬上回答，等食物全部咀嚼、吞咽后再說話。WorldClassDiningDo’sandDon’tsDON’Tuseyourcellphoneinarestaurant,unlessitisafamilyorbusinessemergencies.除非緊急情況，在餐廳不要接打手機(jī)。DON’Ttalkwhilechewingfoodandneverchewwithyourmouthopen.Ifsomeoneasksyouaquestionwhileyouarechewing,pointtoyourclosedmouthandfinishchewingandswallowingbeforeanswering.咀嚼東西時不要講話，不要張嘴。如果有人在你咀嚼時問問題，指一下你的嘴，示意他/她，你不便馬上回答，等食物全部咀嚼、吞咽后再說話。WorldClassDiningDo’sandDon’tsIffoodgetsbetweenyourteeth,DOcoveryourmouthwithanapkinandgetitoutwithatoothpickdiscreetly.如果食物嵌入齒縫，一定要用餐巾擋住嘴，小心地拿牙簽將其取出。Whenyouarenoteating,DOkeepyourhandsinyourlapornomorethanthewristsrestingonthetable.

不吃東西時，手要放在膝上，或者肘架在桌上。WorldClassDiningDo’sandDon’tsDON’Tleavethepremisesuntilyoufindyourhosts,thankthem,andsaygoodbye.However,donottakeuptheirtimewithlonggoodbyes.在向主人致謝，告別后再離開，但告別時不要占用他/她太多時間。DOwriteathank-younotethenextday.第二天要再次書面致謝（用E-mail或明信片）。第六講跨文化交際與禮儀服飾禮儀用餐禮儀握手禮儀介紹禮儀名片禮儀如何送禮如何付小費(fèi)國際交往中要注意的幾個原則錯誤的握手方式：ThePull-In外交家才用的握手方式：

TheTwo-HandedShake錯誤的握手方式：TheTopper錯誤的握手方式：

TheFingerSqueeze錯誤的握手方式：

TheBoneCrusher錯誤的握手方式：

ThePalmPinch錯誤的握手方式：

TheLimpFish正確的握手方式：

TheProperHandshake正確的握手方式：

TheProperHandshakeFirm,butnotbone-crushing堅(jiān)定有力，但不要用力過大（握力大?。杭s為2公斤物品所產(chǎn)生的重力）。Lastsabout3seconds大約持續(xù)3秒鐘。Maybe“pumped”onceortwicefromtheelbow可以肘為圓心，上下晃動一至兩次。正確的握手方式：

TheProperHandshakeIsreleasedaftertheshake,eveniftheintroductioncontinues即使介紹還在持續(xù)，握手后就要撒手。Includesgoodeyecontactwiththeotherperson握手時一定要有眼神接觸。Holdyourdrinkinyourlefthandtoavoidacold,wethandshake如果正在喝酒的話，要將酒杯置于左手，以免伸出一只又濕又冷的右手。第六講跨文化交際與禮儀服飾禮儀用餐禮儀握手禮儀介紹禮儀名片禮儀如何送禮如何付小費(fèi)國際交往中要注意的幾個原則介紹禮儀如果有一群人都要被介紹時，介紹的順序非常重要。先介紹重要人物；然后按順序介紹（圍坐圓桌時，以順時針為序）。介紹禮儀Introducepeopleinthefollowingorder:Youngertoolder將年輕人介紹給老人。Non-officialtoofficial將非官方人士介紹給官方人士。Juniorexecutivetoseniorexecutive將低級別人士介紹給高級別人士。Colleaguetocustomer將同事介紹給顧客。Mantowoman將男士介紹給女士。介紹禮儀Remember:

“Big,mayIintroduceSmall.”介紹禮儀Tipstoremember:Keeptheintroductionbasic.Itishelpfultoincludethepersonstitle.

介紹時一定要言辭精簡。說明頭銜很有幫助。Remembernamesforfuturereference.記住名字，將來有用。Providesomeinformationaboutthepeopleyouareintroducingtoclarifyyourrelationshipwiththatperson.當(dāng)你介紹別人時，最好說明你與此人的關(guān)系。介紹禮儀Tipstoremember:Alwayscarrybusinesscards.記住隨身攜帶名片。Keepnotesonpeopleinordertofollow-upbothpersonallyandprofessionally.可以做點(diǎn)記錄，以便將來有用（公私皆有可能）。第六講跨文化交際與禮儀服飾禮儀用餐禮儀握手禮儀介紹禮儀名片禮儀如何送禮如何付小費(fèi)國際交往中要注意的幾個原則名片禮儀Thepresentationofthebusinesscardisabusinessritual.Presentthebusinesscardwithbothhands,holdingtheedgewithyournamefacingtherecipient.遞名片給別人時一時要用雙手，名片的方向要正確（接受者看來是正面，正向）。Thecardshouldbecleanandunbent.名片應(yīng)當(dāng)干凈、無折損。名片禮儀Whenyouaregivenacard,treatitwithrespect.Readitinthepresenceoftheperson.Thiswillhelpyourememberthename.接受他人名片后要當(dāng)面讀一下。Ifyouareseatedatatable,placethecardsonthetableinfrontofyouinorderofprecedence.如果坐在桌旁，可將名片放在自己正前方，以示尊重。名片禮儀Whenyouaregivenacard,treatitwithrespect.Attheendofthemeetingorthemeal,putthecardsinyourcardcase.會議或用餐結(jié)束后，要將名片放回名片夾。Donotwriteonthefaceofthecarduntilthemeetingisover.會議結(jié)束前不要在名片上寫字。第六講跨文化交際與禮儀服飾禮儀用餐禮儀握手禮儀介紹禮儀名片禮儀如何送禮如何付小費(fèi)國際交往中要注意的幾個原則如何送禮個人的禮品，禮輕情意重（選擇那些能作為紀(jì)念品來收藏的東西）。企業(yè)的禮品，以宣傳企業(yè)形象、企業(yè)產(chǎn)品（服務(wù)）為目的來制作。如何送禮注意，不論禮品本身價值如何，都要精美地包裝。西方國家的人，在收到別人送的禮品時，通常當(dāng)面拆開包裝來看，以示對送禮之人的尊重（中國傳統(tǒng)上不這樣做）。如何送禮注意一些送禮的禁忌：在中東地區(qū)，不要給商人的妻子送禮。在歐洲國家，通常不送菊花。在東亞和東南亞一些華人地區(qū)，不送劍蘭和茉莉這兩種花（因?yàn)椤翱诓省辈缓?，“劍蘭”音似“見難”，“茉莉”音似“沒利”）。第六講跨文化交際與禮儀服飾禮儀用餐禮儀握手禮儀介紹禮儀名片禮儀如何送禮如何付小費(fèi)國際交往中要注意的幾個原則如何付小費(fèi)Tippingisafundamentalpartofserviceindustriestodayandisa“reward”forservicesperformedforguestsandclients.付小費(fèi)是服務(wù)行業(yè)的通行做法。Manyfeelthatpoorserviceinarestaurantdoesnotdeserveagoodtrip,butyoushouldtipanyway,sincethetripisoftenanimportantpartofthatemployee’ssalary.即使服務(wù)質(zhì)量不佳，也應(yīng)當(dāng)付小費(fèi)，因?yàn)檫@是服務(wù)生薪水的重要來源。如何付小費(fèi)TippingintheUnitedStatesingeneralisvoluntaryandtheamountisuptotheindividual’sdiscretion,butwithabasicguidelinetofollow.在美國，付小費(fèi)通常是自愿的，小費(fèi)的數(shù)目取決于個人的意愿，但可以遵守一些基本規(guī)則。如何付小費(fèi)However,somerestaurantsfollowtheEuropeanmodelandasetpercentageisaddedautomaticallyasaservicechargeontoyourbill.Alwayscheckyourbillcarefullyanddonothesitatetodiscussthebillwiththewaiterorwaitressifyoudonotunderstandcertaincharges.

但一些歐洲餐館會在你的帳單上自動增加一定比例的服務(wù)費(fèi)。所以付費(fèi)時要小心，如果某些費(fèi)用項(xiàng)目不理解，一定要問清楚再付。如何付小費(fèi)Rememberthreekeythings.First,tipdiscreetly.第一，付小費(fèi)時要謹(jǐn)慎。Second,thelongerthetasktakesortheserviceprovided,thelargerthetip.第二，服務(wù)時間越長，小費(fèi)應(yīng)當(dāng)給的越多。Third,don’ttiptoomuch;anyonewhoflashestipmoneyorlavishesinappropriatetipsonwaiters,doormen,oranyoneelsecanbeseenas“foolish”intheextreme.第三，小費(fèi)不能給的太多，否則會被視為傻瓜。如何付小費(fèi)Somerulesofthumbfortipping:

ExpensiveRestaurants:Waitstaff（服務(wù)生）:15%-20%ofthetotalbilliswidelyaccepted,excludingtax.Acaptainofyourtablecanbegivenanadditionaltip(25%ofthetotaltipamount)forperformingacomplicatedservice,suchasfilletingafishforguestsatyourtable.Bartender（酒吧服務(wù)員）:15%-20%ofthetotalbill,withaminimumof50cents.如何付小費(fèi)Somerulesofthumbfortipping:

ExpensiveRestaurants:CoatCheckroomAttendant（衣帽寄存處服務(wù)員）:Tip$1.00percoat.RestroomAttendant（洗手間服務(wù)員）:Tip$1.00ormore,iftheattendantperformsaspecialtasksuchashelpingyouremoveafoodstainoffyourblouseorpants.ValetParkingAttendantorGarageAttendant（停車場服務(wù)員）:Tip$1or$2forbringingyourcartothefront.如何付小費(fèi)Somerulesofthumbfortipping:

Airports:TaxiDrivers（出租車司機(jī)）:15%-20%ofthecabfare,additionaltipcanbegivenforhandlingheavybags.SkyCaps/Porter（行李搬運(yùn)工）:Tip$1perbag,and$2perextralargeandheavybag.ParkingAttendant（停車場服務(wù)員）:Tip$1forbringingyourcartoyou.Tip$2andupforextraservicesprovided,suchashelpingloadheavybags.第六講跨文化交際與禮儀服飾禮儀用餐禮儀握手禮儀介紹禮儀名片禮儀如何送禮如何付小費(fèi)國際交往中要注意的幾個原則幾個原則Younevergetasecondchancetomakeagoodfirstimpression.第一印象至關(guān)重要。Makeafavorableimpressionandportrayapositiveimage.幾個原則Revealsocialskillsanddemonstraterespecttoclientsandsuperiors.展示社交技巧，表現(xiàn)出對顧客和上司的尊重。幾個原則Buildsselfconfidenceinpersonalandprofessionalinteraction.建立對個人和職業(yè)性互動的自信。幾個原則Avoidsembarrassingmoments.避免出現(xiàn)尷尬局面。幾個原則入鄉(xiāng)隨俗（客隨主變）主隨客變關(guān)心有度避免過分謙恭女士優(yōu)先（大多數(shù)情況下成立）培養(yǎng)文化的敏感性AsianCulturesJapanese日本Thebowsymbolizesrespectandhumility.正確使用鞠躬禮The“ok”signisasymbolformoney.OK手勢表示錢。Thebusinesscard–treatitwithrespect.對名片要非常尊重。Verypunctual.Itisrudetobelatetoabusinessmeeting.要非常守時。AsianCulturesChinese中國Openingagiftinfrontofthegiversignifiesthegiftismoreimportantthanthegiver.當(dāng)面打開禮品意味著禮品比人還重要。Thetriangleisconsideredanegativeshape.三角形不吉利。AsianCulturesThai泰國Nevertouchtheheadorpassanobjectoverthehead–theheadisconsideredsacredinThailand.不要碰別的人頭，不要越過頭頂傳遞東西