英語四級考試沖刺班內(nèi)部筆記

英語四級考試沖刺班內(nèi)部筆記英語四級考試沖刺班內(nèi)部筆記(寫作部分))寫作的重要性6分最低限，只要結(jié)構(gòu)不出錯，得分應(yīng)該為9分。評判作文四級考試作文主要看內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、語言三個方面。內(nèi)容不跑題即可，注意：1.不要妄圖以情動人;2.不要妄圖在構(gòu)思上出奇制勝。結(jié)構(gòu)上牢記總分總：先寫主題句(TopicSentence)，再寫分論點，最后寫總結(jié)句(Conclusion)。語言最重要，往往使評分產(chǎn)生重大差異，語言要模仿和包裝?；颈磉_人們認為：itisgenerally/widelybelieved/held/agreedthat越來越：beincreasingly+adj.,beontherise,thegrowingnumberof萬能理由(Omnipotence)1.方便：convenient/convenience2.效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency3.節(jié)省和浪費：savetime/money/space;economical,thrift;wastetime/money/space;costly,lavish4.人的心理健康：independent,cooperative,competitive,considerate,confident,creative,sociable,perseverance;selfish,isolated,conserative5.人的身體健康：health,disease,strong,strength,energetic6.娛樂：colorful,pleasure,joy,recreation,entertainmentm,relax,tired,boring,lonelyThebicycle,comparedtothecar,isnottooexpensiveanditiseasytolearnandtouseanditcansavethesurfaceofputtingit.Itdoesn’tasktobuildthegaragelikecar.ThispointisveryimportanttoChina,becauseofthelackofland.Itisn’ttooexpensive,soChinesecanaffordit.Itdoesn’tneedanyoil,anditcan’tcausethepolusion.Allofthesearethegoodneedscomparedtothecar.Inthefuture,bicyclewillbewidelyused.Anditwillbeingooddemand.Peoplewillproducemuchmoremodernbicycles.Score:14BicyclesareverypopularinChina.Almosteveryfamilyinthecityhastwoorthreebicycles.Duringtherushhour,youcanseethatthousandsofpeople--manandwoman,oldandyoung--ridetheirbicyclestoworkandstudy.ThatiswhyChinaiscalled“thekingdomofbicycles”.注：1.第一句總寫，第二句和第三句分寫，最后總寫。2.Duringtherushhour分詞結(jié)構(gòu)開頭。3.破折號內(nèi)容為同位語,句式多變化。Comparedwithcars,bicyclesaresuperiorinmanyways.First,theyarecheap,convenientandeasytoride.Second,ridingbicycleisgoodforhealth.Third,theybringnonoisenorairpollution.Thoughcarsarefasterandmorecomfortable,theyaretooexpensive.Theyconsumeplentyofoilandtheypollutetheair.Sometimes,itisdifficultforadrivertoparkhiscar.Moreovertheyoftencausetrafficjamsandaccidents.注：1.Comparedwithcars分詞結(jié)構(gòu)開頭。2.besuperiorto/beinferiorto優(yōu)于/低于3.thirst,second,third英語語言有層次感，信號詞4.cheap便宜，最好用inexpensive5.begoodforhealth對健康有好處(萬能理由)6.Moreover表示遞進Inmyopinion,thefutureofbicycleisverypromising.SinceChinaisadevelopingcountryandhasalargepopulation,Ithink,ridingbicycleisappropriatetoChinesepresentconditions.Itwillbeanimportantmeansoftransportationforquitealongtime.注：promising有前途的apromisingyoungmanScore:11Theremillionsofbicyclesintoday’sChina.Bicyclesareveryimportantmeansoftransportinpeople’sdailylives.Becausetorideabicycleisverysimple,tobuyabicyclewillnotcostsomuchmoney,toparkabicycleneedsjustasmallroomandtorideabicycledoesnotneedoilbuttherider’sstrength,bicyclesarepopularallovertheworld,especiallyinChina.注：第一句應(yīng)該用therebe結(jié)構(gòu)Comparedwithacar,abicycleismuchcheaper.ItismoresuitableforChinaasadevelopingcountry.Andabicyclehasalmostcausednopollutionbutacarhas.Onthecontrary,abicycleistooslow,itcostsmoretimesthanacar.IthinkthepopulationofChina’sbicyclewillbekeptforthelongrun.Becauseitwillbereplacedbyacar,abusandsooninsomedevelopedareasinChina,anditwillbemadeawideuseinthedevelopingareasinChina,thenumberofbicyclesinChinawillbethesameastodaybutIbelievethatit’squalitywillbeimproved.I、對比觀點選擇題：1.有人認為……;2.另外一些人認為……;3.談?wù)勀愕挠^點和看法。(最好寫成4段)實例二99年6月真題ReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?Outline:1.有人認為讀書要有選擇2.有人認為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書3.我的想法Howshouldweread?Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively?Everyonehashisownview.Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What’smore,therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn’treadthem.Sincewecan’treadallthebooksandweshouldn’treadbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.Butothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethattoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.Who’sright?Ithinkbothofthemhavesomethingright.ButIthinkweshouldreadextensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmanyfields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：(啟)ParagraphI：(1)引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點;(2)簡明扼要的提出人們在這個問題上的兩種不同看法。Score:14分Howshouldweread?Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively?Everyonehashisownview.(啟)注：第一句提出問題，第二句提出兩種見解典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：(承)ParagraphII：(1)提出一種觀點或優(yōu)點;(2)本段的支持性分論點;(3)本段總結(jié)(可以省略)。Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What’smore,therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn’treadthem.Sincewecan’treadallthebooksandweshouldn’treadbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.(承)注：1.本段總分總結(jié)構(gòu)2.theyarguethat=theythinkthat3.withthedevelopmentof...隨著……的發(fā)展4.what'smore遞進關(guān)系，moreover5.bad=pornographic色情的&violent暴力的典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：(轉(zhuǎn))ParagraphIII：(1)承上啟下的過渡句;(2)提出另一種觀點或缺點;(3)本段的支持性分論點(4)本段總(可以省略)。Butothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethattoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.(轉(zhuǎn))注：1.But轉(zhuǎn)折詞(信號詞)2.theyemphasizethat=theythinkthat3.today'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas現(xiàn)代社會今昔非比4.許多知識awiderangeofknowledge/alargescopeofknowledge/muchknowledge;獲取知識acquire/getknowledge5.knowsnothing→little;hemaybeuseless→hemaynotbeofgreatusetothesociety后者比前者更委婉典型的對比觀點選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：(合)ParagraphIV：(1)平衡兩種看法;(2)給出自己的觀點。Who’sright?Ithinkbothofthemhavesomethingright.ButIthinkweshouldreadextensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmanyfields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.(合)Score:11分Whenitcomestoreading,somepeoplethinkthatreadingselectivelyisagoodway,butsomeotherpeopledonotagreewiththem,theythinkthatreadingextensivelyisbetter.注：結(jié)構(gòu)非常好，可以套用。Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectivelyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbadbooks.Thosegoodbookscangiveuspleasureandknowledge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyleadustothewrongway.So,theysuggestthatweshouldonlychoosethegoodbookstoreadandnevertouchthebadbooks.注：1.“people,who...,”應(yīng)去掉逗號，改為限制性定語從句。2.asmanyasbadbooks改為asmanyasbadones3.leadustothewrongway改為leadsb.astray4.theysuggestthat=theythinkthat5.touch碰(閃光點詞匯：如教材P7：shoulderingtheresponsibilityofdoingsth.肩負起責(zé)任)But,theotherpeople,whoholdthatreadingextensivelyisbetter,thinkthatonekindofbookscanonlygiveusoneaspectofknowledge.Eventhebestbookonlycontainsonefieldofinformation.So,theycaneasilycometotheconclusionthat“toknowmore,toreadmore”.Sotheybelievethatreadingextensivelyisbetter.注：1.hold認為同樣表示“think”的詞還有argue,emphasize,believe,suggest,claim,insist,maintain,agree,hold2.thebestbook在西方國家是“圣經(jīng)”的意思3.toknowmore,toreadmore錯誤，中式英語Tomypoint,weshouldchoosegoodbookstoreadandreadgoodbooksasmanyaspossible.Bythisway,wecanincreasethequalityandquantityofreading.范文22.IsTelevisionaBlessingoraCurse?Now,itisgenerallyacceptedthattelevisionplaysanimportantpartinpeople’slives.But,thereisanongoingheateddiscussionastowhethertelevisionisablessingoracurse.注：itisgenerallyacceptedthat人們通常認為Asisoftenpointedoutbysomepeople,televisionkeepsonebetterinformedaboutcurrentevents,allowsonetofollowthelatestdevelopmentsinpoliticsandscience,andoffersanendlessseriesofprogramswhicharebothinstructiveandstimulating.Themostdistantcountries,thestrangestcustomsandthemostattractivescenesofnaturearebroughtrightintoone’sroom.注：1.Asisoftenpointedoutbysomepeople=Somepeoplethinkthat2.“使……”不用make，而用keep,allow,offerHowever,otherpeopleinsistthattelevisionisacurseratherthanablessing.Theyarguethatithasbroughtaboutmanyseriousproblems.Themajoroneisitseffectsonyoungpeople.Theyarenowsousedtogettingtheirinformation,educationandentertainmentfromtelevisionthattheirliteracyaswellasphysicalabilityhasbeengreatlyweakened.Evenworsethanthat,vulgarcommercialsandindecentprogramsmaycultivatetheirbadtastes,distorttheirviewpointstowardshumanlifetosuchadegreethattheirmindsmightbecorrupted.Insummary,televisionhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Whatevereffectsithas,onethingiscertain,televisioninitselfisneithergoodnorbad.Itistheusestowhichitisputthatdeterminesitsvaluetosociety.范文5.TravellingPeoplewholiketravellinghavetheirreasons.Theymaintainthattravellingcanhelpthemexpandtheirscopeofknowledge,especiallygeographicalandhistoricallearning.Theygoontopointoutthattouringwillprovidemorechanceforthemtoenjoyfoodandtryonclothesthattheyotherwisecannotpossiblehave.注：geographicalandhistorical押尾韻，如：押頭韻clear&cleanThosewhodisliketravellinghavetheirreasons.Theywouldarguethattravellingmeansaconsiderableamountofmoneyandenergy.Forexample,trafficandaccommodationrequiremoneyandwalkingwhileseeingsightsoftentiresyou.Inpractice,travellingdoesmoregoodthanharm.Ifyourfinanceandhealthpermit,youmightaswelldosometravellingfromtimetotime.Itwillatleastenableyoutogetfamiliarwithpeopleandthingsthatyouwillprobablygrowtolikeandlove.注：1.inpractice=Ithink2.doesmoregoodthanharm好處比壞處多，其他表達方法：besuperiorto/inferiorto比如：theadvantagesaresuperiortothedisadvantages3.enable使范文1.IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest(CET).SomepeoplearguethatitisabsolutelynecessarytoholdatestofspokenEnglishinChinabecausewehavebeeninformedfrequentlythataChinesestudentwhohasbeenlearningEnglishforovertenyearscannotevencommunicatewithanativespeaker.SometimeseventhosetopstudentswhoexcelingrammarandwritingskillsfindtheirEnglishinadequatetoexpresstheirthoughtsfreely.AtestofEnglishwillbringthecollegestudentsanawarenessoftheimportanceoforalEnglish,andwillthushelpthemwiththeircommunicatingskills.使句子具有表現(xiàn)力的手段：1、用形容詞修飾名詞;2、副詞修飾動詞、副詞修飾形容詞Ontheotherhand,someothersstillmaintainthatagoodcommandofreadingandwritingskillswillbeenoughfortheEnglishlearners.Tosomeextenttheiropinionderivesfromthefactthatstudentsarealreadyunderconsiderablepressurefromtheiropinionderivesfromthefactthatstudentsarealreadyunderconsiderablepressurefromtheircoursework.Anotherrequiredtestwillonlyaddtotheirburden.Moreover,somestudentsmaytaketheshortcutbyfocusingonseveralguessedquestionsaccordingtothefixedformatofthetest,hopingforacoincidencetobringthemgoodluck.Inmyopinion,atestofspokenEnglishwilldomoregoodthanharm.SinceChinawillcontinueitspolicyofopeningandreform,theabilitytospeakEnglishfluentlyisamustforanyonewhowantstosurpassothersinahighlycompetitivesociety.WhetherItakethetestornot,IshallsparenoeffortstopracticeoralEnglishintheremainingyearsofmycollegestudy.范文21.Shouldsmokingbebanned?Shouldsmokingbebanned?Answerstothisquestionvarygreatly.Somepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofsmoking.Theyalwayssaythatitcangetridofthetirednessandmakethemrefreshed.Andtheyalsosaythatgivingandbeinggivencigarettesisasignoffriendship.Therefore,theycarrycigaretteswiththemwherevertheygo.注：1.varygreatly許多種2.beinfavorof=agree/beoftheopinionthat3.getridofthetirednessandmakethemrefreshed使人神清氣爽4.Givingandbeinggiven給與被給。主、被動關(guān)系在英文中用現(xiàn)在、過去分詞表達。Butotherpeopleconsideritveryharmfultopeople’shealth.Theyhaveheardtheofficialreportsthatonepersonintheworlddiesfromsmokingeverysecond.Andtheyhaveheardthedoctor’swarningthatsmokersaremorelikelytohavelungcancerandtoincreasetheirchancesofhavingheartattack.Inaddition,smokingpollutestheairandmaycausefireaccidents.Thusithasbecomeamajorthreattopeople’slifeandproperty.注：1.Theyhaveheardtheofficialreportsthat...官方報告表明..2.bemorelikelyto更有可能，更容易3.chance可能Thereissometruthinbotharguments,buthuman’slifeandpropertyoutweighsanythingelse.Ifsmokingbringsusillnessanddeath,whynothaveitbannedbythegovernment?Withoutcigarettes,can’twecomeupwithbetterwaystoexpressourfriendshipandtomakeusrefreshed?注：1.outweigh比……重要，同樣的表達：besuperiorto/beinferiorto。overweight超重2.最后用兩句反問句結(jié)尾，非常精妙。課后作業(yè)PrivateCars寫成4段的首段寫法：①Inrecentyears,withfasteconomicgrowth,privatecarshaveappearedinmanyfamiliesinChina.People'sattitudetowardprivatecarsvarieswidely.②Withtheincreaseinthegeneralstandardofliving,someordinaryChinesefamiliesbegintoaffordaprivatecar.Yet,people'sopinionsofprivatecarsvaryfrompersontoperson/publicattitudetowarditvariesgreatly/widely./isquiteofthecontrary./differssharply.③Inrecentfewyears,thephenomenon/issue/problemofowningaprivatecarhasbeenbroughttopublicattention/inthelimelight.People'sviewson/opinionsofowingaprivatecarvarywidely.寫成3段的首段寫法：Withthedevelopmentofmodernsociety/scienceandtechnology,/Withtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandard,moreandmorepeoplecanownprivatecars.carsareenteringordinaryfamilies.thegrowingnumberofpeople/peopleineverincreasingnumberscanhaveaccesstoprivatecars.(此句是引言)支持段的主題句：Somepeopleclaimthat/Asispointedoutthat/Itisgenerallybelievedthat/Itiswidelyacceptedthat,therearesomeadvantagesofowningaprivatecar.Thereisnodoubtthatprivatecarsbenefitpeoplehugely.支持段的分論點：①方便First,privatecarsprovidepeoplewiththemostconvenientformoftransportation.②舒適Second,itiscomfortableforpeopletotravelin,especiallyinchangeableweather/rainingdays/sandstorm.③炫耀Third,onlyaprivatecarcanshowaperson'ssocialstatus/achievement/success/prosperityinhisorhercareer.否定段的主題句：①However(Nonetheless/Nevertheless/But),therearesomedisadvantagesofowingaprivatecar/Everycoinhastwosides.②Whileenjoyingtheconveniencethatprivatecarsbringus,weshouldnotignoretheproblemtheycreate/produce/introduce/make.③Despite/Inspiteof/Foralltheadvantages,theybringstheirowndisadvantages/problems/negativeeffects④Likeanythingelse,privatecarsalsohavetheirownweakness/limits.⑤However,privatecarsarenotwithoutshortcomings/faults.⑥Yetotherspeakoftheproblemsprivatecarshavebrought.Theycomplainthat......⑦However,privatecarsmayalsobringwithitproblemsoursocietyhadnotpreviouslyfaced.⑧Despitetheincreaseinefficiencyandconveniencegeneratedbyprivatecars,thechangestheybringcouldverywellleadtopotentiallyadverseconsequences.否定段的分論點：①占有空間Ontheonehand,privatecarstakeup/occupytoomuchspace.②交通事故Ontheotherhand,adrivershouldbecareful/cautiouswhiledriving,otherwise,caraccidentsaremorelikelytohappen.③污染環(huán)境What'smore/Inaddition,privatecarsgiveoff/discharge/releaseCOwhichpollutetheenvironment/air.注意：所謂上義詞是指抽象、概括和籠統(tǒng)的，就是比較superordinate的詞;而下義詞就是具體的東西，即subordinate的東西。第四段(總結(jié)段)的寫法：①Despiteallthedisadvantagesmentionedabove,Istillthinkthattheadvantagesoutweigh/aregreaterthanthedisadvantages.Asfortheaboveproblem,I'msuretheywillbesettledbythescientistsinthefuture/Itisonlyamatteroftimefortheproblemstobesolved.②Unquestionably,thechallengeofprivatecarsmeansweallshouldconsiderhowwecancontrolthem,sothattheywillnotcontrolus.③Whethertheprivatecarsareablessingoracurseisadifficultquestiontoanswer,yetthedesireforthecomfortandindependenceaprivatecarcanbringwillnotbeelminated.④Anyway/Anyhow/Inanycase,whethertheeffectisgoodorbad,onethingiscertain:privatecarshavechangedandwillcontinuetochangethewayofourtransportation,ourleisureandourlife.選擇題型變體邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)(MyViewonSth.)選擇性觀點的變體的文章寫作邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：ParagraphI:(1)引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點;(2)簡明扼要的提出人們在這個問題上的兩種不同看法。ParagraphII:(1)提出作者觀點(本文主題句);(2)舉例加以論證。ParagraphIII:(1)總結(jié)全文(再次強調(diào)作者觀點)范文17.MyViewonFateThereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleastotheviewoffate.Somepeoplebelievethateveryoneisborntoacertainthathecannotchange,whilesomeotherpeoplethinkthateverymanisthemasterofhisownlife.注：1.consensus相同意見2.第一句話可以套用，如范文18：Thereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleastotheviewofwealth.3.while輕微轉(zhuǎn)折和對比，強轉(zhuǎn)折用詞but,however4.master主人AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththelatteropinion.Thereisasaying,“Everyoneisthearchi