高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語教師用書選修65UNIT5THEPOWEROFNATURE

話題：自然(Nature)1.stormn． 暴風(fēng)雨2.powerfuladj. 強大的3.typhoonn. 臺風(fēng)4.rescuev. 援救；營救adj. 自然的adj. 野生的；荒涼的v. 減少8.tsunamin. 海嘯9.victimn. 災(zāi)民n. 沙塵暴11.getinvolvedin 涉及12.dieout 滅絕13.disaster-hitarea 災(zāi)區(qū)etorescue 前來救援15.rescuework 救援工作16.betrappedinruins 被困廢墟中17.lieinruins 變?yōu)閺U墟18.economiclosses 經(jīng)濟損失1.Let’sworktogetheranddowhatwecan/doourbesttomaketheearthabetterplacetolivein.讓我們一起努力，盡我們所能讓地球變成更美好的家園。2.Itseemsthattheyarenotworriedatallaboutthefactthatwildanimalsareendangered.野生動物處于瀕危狀態(tài)，他們似乎一點也不擔(dān)心。3.We’llhavenowheretoliveinthefutureunlesswetakeactionstoprotecttheearthnow.如果我們現(xiàn)在不采取措施來保護地球，將來我們會無處生存。我們常常說地球是我們的家園，但是現(xiàn)在的地球正面臨著巨大的威脅，地球環(huán)境正在惡化。假如你是李華，請根據(jù)你對現(xiàn)在環(huán)境狀況的了解用英語寫一篇文章。Weoftensaythattheearthisourhomelandandhumansocietycomesfromnature.Therefore，Ithinkoursocietyisapartofnature.Peopleshouldgetalongwellwithnature.Allthematerialsweneedtolivewithcomefromnature，butweshouldalsorepaythenature，ratherthanblindlysolicit.Forexample，weshouldplantmoretreesandtakeactionstoprotecttheenvironment.Inaddition,wehavetocontrolpopulation.Duetoexcessivepopulationgrowth，humanbeingsrequiremuchmorenaturalresourcesthanbefore，whichleadtoexcessivepressureonnature.Inorderforlong-termdevelopment，thepopulationgrowthmustbecontrolled.Weallcomefromnaturewhichisourhomeland，sowemusttryourbesttoprotectit.1．diagramn． 圖解；圖表；示意圖2．volcanon. 火山3．hurricanen. 颶風(fēng)；風(fēng)暴4．questionnairen. 問卷；調(diào)查表5．databasen. 數(shù)據(jù)庫；資料庫6．fountainvi.&vt. 泉水般地噴出或涌出n. 噴泉；源泉7．helmetn. 頭盔8．bootn. 靴子9．typhoonn． 臺風(fēng)10．thunderstormn． 雷暴11．novelistn． 小說家12．fogn. 霧13．documentn. 文件；證件14．rainbown. 彩虹15．balconyn. 陽臺16．sweatn. 汗vi. 出汗1．wave__n. 波浪；波濤vi. 波動；起伏；揮手2．suitn. 一套外衣；套裝vt. 適合；使適宜3．potentialn. 潛在性；可能性；潛能adj. 可能的；潛在的4．candidaten. 候選人；候補者5．preciousadj. 貴重的；珍貴的6．tremblevi. 搖晃；搖動；顫抖7．diverseadj. 多種多樣的；不同的8．guaranteevt. 保證；擔(dān)保9．bathevi. 洗澡；游泳10．shootvt. 射中；射傷1．eruptvi.(指火山)爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生→eruptionn．火山爆發(fā)；(戰(zhàn)爭等)爆發(fā)2．a(chǎn)ppointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．約定；任命3．evaluatevt.評估；評價；估計→evaluationn．評估4．a(chǎn)bsoluteadj.絕對的；完全的→absolutelyadv.絕對地；完全地5．a(chǎn)ctualadj.實在的；實際的→actuallyadv.實際地6．unconsciousadj.失去知覺的；未察覺的→consciousadj.(反義詞)有知覺的，有意識的7．a(chǎn)nxiousadj.憂慮的；不安的→anxiouslyadv.不安地→anxietyn．擔(dān)心；焦慮；渴望8．panicvi.&vt.驚慌n．驚慌；恐慌→panicked(過去式)→panicked(過去分詞)9．a(chǎn)ppreciationn．欣賞；感激；感謝→appreciatevt.欣賞；感激10．uncomfortableadj.不舒服的；不舒適的→comfortableadj.(反義詞)合適的；舒適的→comfortvt.使安慰[用所給詞的適當形式填空]1．Hewasappointedasmanagerofthecompany.Buttoeveryone’ssurprise,hedidn’taccepttheappointment．(appoint)2．Hewasanxioustoleaveandhecouldnothideanxiety．(anxious)3．Tompanickedatthesoundofexplosionandhiswifealsogotintoapanic．(panic)1．make__one’s__way 前往2．glance__through 匆匆看一遍3．vary__from...to... 由……到……不等4．give__birth__to 生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)生5．be__compared__with... 與……相比6．have__a__gift__for 有……的天賦7．be__appointed__as... 被委派為……8．burn__to__the__ground 全部焚毀9．be__about__to__do__sth. 即將做某事； 馬上就要做某事10．refer__to 查閱，參考，指的是11．in__(a)__panic 恐慌12．be__anxious__about 擔(dān)心13．be__home__to 是……的棲息地[選用上面的短語填空]1．Afterwork,Iusuallyglance__throughnewspapers，listentothenewsonradioorwatchTV.2．Attractingseniorcitizens,Floridais__home__tothelargestpopulationofelderAmericans.3．Eventhoughheisalittleboy,hehas__a__gift__forplayingmusicalinstruments.4．Afteradmiringthebeautifulview,shemade__her__waytothenextdestination.5．It’ssaidthatthisbeautifulvillagewasonceburnt__to__the__groundduringthewar.eq\a\vs4\al()“職場”高頻動詞集錦①appoint 任命②hire 雇用；租用③employ 雇用④interview 面試⑤promote 晉升⑥fire 開除⑦dismiss 解雇⑧resign 辭職⑨retire 退休“適當?shù)摹背Ｓ迷~小結(jié)①suitable 合適的②fit 合適的③proper 適當?shù)摹皏.＋through”相關(guān)短語面面觀①glancethrough 匆匆看一遍②cutthrough 開辟③breakthrough 突破④pullthrough 康復(fù)；痊愈⑤passthrough 穿過；通過；經(jīng)歷⑥gothrough 通(穿)過；完成⑦comethrough 經(jīng)歷(疾病等)仍活著；出來；到達⑧l(xiāng)ookthrough 瀏覽；翻閱；仔細查看1．動詞-ing形式的完成時態(tài)作狀語Havingcollectedandevaluatedtheinformation,Ihelpotherscientiststopredictwherelavafromthevolcanowillflownextandhowfast.2．beabouttodo...when...剛要……這時(突然)……Iwasabouttogobacktosleepwhensuddenlymybedroombecameasbrightasday.3．獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Theothertwoclimbeddownintothecratertocollectsomelavaforlaterstudy,butthisbeingmyfirstexperience,Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.4．onlytodo...結(jié)果……(出乎意料的結(jié)果)Hearingascream,Irusheddownstairsonlytoseemyhostesslyingunconsciousonthefloor,surroundedbyherguests.5．Itis/wassaid/reportedthat...“據(jù)說/報道……”，是一個固定句式Itissaidthatthisboy,whohadagreatgiftforlanguagesandpersuasion,isthefatheroftheManchupeople.[句式仿寫]1．已經(jīng)意識到保護環(huán)境的重要性，全國人民正采取措施減少污染。Having__realized__the__importanceofprotectingtheenvironment,peoplealloverthecountryaretakingmeasurestoreducethepollution.2．當我正要上車的時候我發(fā)現(xiàn)有人掏我的錢包。(beaboutto...when...)I__was__about__to__get__on__the__bus__whenIfoundmypocketpickedbysomeone.3．若全面考慮，她的建議比你的建議更有價值。All__things__considered,__hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.4．我們等了三個小時，結(jié)果被告知第二天再來。Wewaitedthreehoursonly__to__be__told__to__come__againthenextday.5．據(jù)說，你越是努力，你的成績就會越好。It’s__said__thattheharderyouwork,thebetterresultyou’llget.appointvt.約定；指定(時間、地點等);任命；委任(天津卷書面表達)Iwasappointedtotakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.我被指定負責(zé)安排那一天的所有活動。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)appointsb.(as/tobe)．.. 任命某人為……appointsb.todosth. 委派某人做某事(2)appointmentn． 任命；約會makeanappointmentwithsb. 與某人約會/預(yù)約keep/breakanappointment 守/違約Ihaveatightscheduletoday,solet’sappointanotherdayfortherestofourbusiness.今天我的日程很滿，因此我們再約一天來處理其余的事吧。Ifyouwanttoseethedoctor,you’dbettermakeanappointmentwithhiminadvance.如果你想看醫(yī)生，最好事先跟他預(yù)約好。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空(1)Hewas__appointed(appoint)generalmanagerforhisrichexperienceaswellasexcellenteducationalbackground.(2)(北京卷)Ihaveanappointment(appoint)withDr.Smith,butIneedtochangeit.(3)Mypatientdidn’tturnupattheappointedtime；thatis,shebrokeanappointment．(appoint)[能力提升]——一句多譯(4)她是這些年來唯一一個被選進董事會的女性。①Sheistheonlyoneofthewomenwho__has__been__appointed__totheboardtheseyears.(定語從句)②Sheistheonlyoneofthewomenappointed__totheboardtheseyears.(非謂語)suitn.一套外衣；套裝vt.適合；使適宜(2016·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)Ifnot,letmeknowwhattimesuitsyoubest.如果不方便，請告訴我什么時間最適合你。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)suitone’sneeds 適合某人的需要(2)suitableadj. 適當?shù)模幌嗯涞腷esuitableforsb./sth. 適合于某人/某物besuitabletodosth. 適合做某事Agoodteachersuitshislessonstotheageofhispupils.一個好的老師要使教學(xué)內(nèi)容與其學(xué)生的年齡相適應(yīng)。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空(1)Tostudents,you’dbetterchoosetheactivitieswhichinterestyouandsuit(suitable)you.(2)Suitable(suit)schooluniformscannotonlyshowgooddisciplinebutalsomakeuslookmoreactive.[能力提升]——一句多譯(3)首先，因為我英語口語流利，所以我認為我適合這項工作。①Firstly,becausemyspokenEnglishisfluent,IthinkIam__suitable__for__this__job．(suitable)②Firstly,becausemyspokenEnglishisfluent,IthinkIam__fit__for__this__job．(fit)anxiousadj.憂慮的；不安的(2016·北京卷)Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.我總是緊張，所以我一次集中注意力的時間不到一小時。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)beanxiousfor/about 為……擔(dān)心/擔(dān)憂beanxious(forsb.)todosth. 急于(讓某人)做某事(2)anxietyn. 擔(dān)心；焦慮；渴望withanxiety 焦慮地(3)anxiouslyadv. 焦慮地(全國卷書面表達)IwastoldtheLearningCenterprovideshelpforstudentsandI’manxioustogethelpfromyou.別人告訴我輔導(dǎo)中心可以給學(xué)生提供幫助，我急于想從您那兒得到一些幫助。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空(1)It’snaturalforparentstobeanxiousabouttheirchildren’sfuture.(2)Ifyouareworriedaboutyourhealth,shareyouranxiety(anxious)withyourdoctor.(3)Hewasmostanxiousto__find(find)ajobsoasnottohavetodependonothers.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(4)他回家心切，還沒放暑假就預(yù)訂了火車票。①普通表達：Hewas__so__anxious__to__return__home__thathehadbookedatrainticketbeforethesummervacationbegan.(so...that...)②高級表達：So__anxious__was__he__to__return__home__thathehadbookedatrainticketbeforethesummervacationbegan.(倒裝句)guaranteevt.保證；擔(dān)保n．保證；保證書(朗文辭典)Evenifyoucompleteyourtraining,Ican’tguaranteeyouajob.即使你接受完培訓(xùn)，我也不能擔(dān)保你會有工作。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)guaranteetodosth./that... 保證/擔(dān)保做某事； 確?！璯uaranteesb.sth. 保證某人某事(2)giveguarantee(that)．.. 向某人保證……underguarantee 在保修期內(nèi)Canyougivemeaguaranteethattheworkwillbefinishedontime？你能向我保證工作會按時完成嗎？[巧學(xué)活用]——單句語法填空(1)Theshopsaidtheywouldreplacethetelevisionaslongasitwasstillunderguarantee.(2)Goingoutwithfriendsis__guaranteed(guarantee)tocheeryouup,especiallywhenyouareinlowspirits.(3)Weshouldpayattentiontosmalldetails,whichcanguaranteeusto__succeed(succeed)intheend.makeone’sway前往；成功(經(jīng)典例句)Whenhearingthebell,theoldmanmadehiswaytothedoor.聽到鈴聲，老人向門口走去。eq\a\vs4\al()fightone’sway 奮力前進loseone’sway 迷路feelone’sway 摸索前進pushone’sway 擠出來；擠著前進windone’sway 蜿蜒前進Look！Manychildrenaremakingtheirwaytothebeach.看！很多孩子正往海灘走去。[巧學(xué)活用]——用way的相關(guān)短語填空(1)TheGreatWallwinds__its__wayacrossnorthChinalikeahugedragon.(2)Itwassofoggythatwehadtofeel__our__wayhome.(3)Heturnedaroundandhurriedlymade__his__waytotheschool.varyfrom...to...由……到……不等(經(jīng)典例句)However,viewsonthisissuevaryfrompersontoperson.然而，不同的人對這個問題持不同的觀點。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)varyinsth. (大小、形狀等)不同，有別varywith... 隨……變化/改變varybetween...and... 從……到……轉(zhuǎn)變(2)variousadj. 各種各樣的；多姿多彩的(3)varietyn. 種種；多樣化avarietyof＝varietiesof 種種……AsinChina,theclimateinCanadavariesdependingonthearea.正如中國一樣，加拿大的氣候也因地而異。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空(1)(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Visittofindvarious(vary)waysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.(2)Inthebotanicalgardenwecanfindvarieties(vary)ofplantsthatrangefromtalltreestosmallflowers.(3)Thoughonthesamefamily,thebirdvariesinsizeandcolor.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(4)我非常喜歡讀書，尤其是故事書，無論是中文的還是英文的。①一般表達：Ilikereadingverymuch,especiallythestorybooks.Theyvary__from__Chinese__stories__toEnglishstories.②高級表達：Ilikereadingverymuch,especiallythestorybooks,varying__from__Chinese__stories__toEnglishstories.(分詞作狀語)panicvi.&vt.(使人或動物)受驚；驚慌n.驚慌；恐慌eq\a\vs4\al()(1)odoingsth. 使某人因驚慌而做某事panicover/about/at... 對……感到驚慌(2)getintoapanic 驚慌失措(表動作)inpanic 驚慌失措(表狀態(tài))[單句語法填空](1)Shereallygotintoapanicwhenshethoughtshe’dlosthernecklace.(2)Alltheresidentsofthetownpanicked(panic)whentherewasabigfireinthesupermarket.(3)Don’tpanicover/about/atyourexams—Iknowyou—I’msureyou’lldojustfine.(4)Theyranawayinsuchapanicthattheydroppedtheirbagsandshoes.(教材P35)Theothertwoclimbeddownintothecratertocollectsomelavaforlaterstudy,butthisbeingmyfirstexperience,Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，但我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。eq\a\vs4\al()thisbeingmyfirstexperience是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。其主要的構(gòu)成方式如下：(1)名稱或代詞主格＋分詞(2)名稱或代詞主格＋不定式(3)名稱或代詞主格＋形容詞(副詞、名詞、介詞短語)Themanagerlooksrelaxed,manythingssettled.許多事情已經(jīng)處理好了，經(jīng)理看上去很輕松。Theguideleadingtheway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.向?qū)ьI(lǐng)著路，我們毫不費力地走出了森林。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空(1)Thetestfinished(finish),we’llhaveoursummerholiday.(2)Somuchworkto__do(do),wehavenotimetoplay.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(3)他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。①普通表達：Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass.Hiseyeswere__fixed__ontheblackboard.②高級表達：Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,his__eyes__fixed__on__the__blackboard．(獨立主格)③高級表達：Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,with__his__eyes__fixed__on__the__blackboard．(with結(jié)構(gòu))(教材P39)Itissaidthatthisboy,whohadagreatgiftforlanguagesandpersuasion,isthefatheroftheManchupeople.據(jù)說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，他具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(Itissaidthat...,Sb./Sth.issaidtodosth.)) 據(jù)說……不定式根據(jù)情況可用一般式、進行式或完成式。(2)Itisthoughtthat... 人們認為……Itisbelievedthat... 人們相信……Itishopedthat... 人們希望……Itisreportedthat... 據(jù)報道……Itissaidthatthenewmayorwillcomeintopowernextmonth.＝Thenewmayorissaidtocomeintopowernextmonth.據(jù)說新市長下個月將上任。Itishopedthattheterriblediseasewillsoonbecontrolled.人們希望這種可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空(1)(江西卷)Heisthoughtto__have__acted(act)hehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.(2)Carbondioxideissaidto__be__heating(heat)theearthtwiceasquicklyaspreviouslyfeared.[能力提升]——一句多譯(3)據(jù)說前幾天她寫了一篇關(guān)于野生動物保護的報告。①It__is__said__thatshewroteareportaboutwildlifeprotectiontheotherday.②Sheis__said__to__have__written__a__reportaboutwildlifeprotectiontheotherday.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Afirebrokeoutinourtownrecentlyandalargefactory____________(burn)totheground.答案：wasburned2．TalkingwithmyfriendsfarawaybyWeChatis____________(absolute)free.答案：absolutely3．Thepopstarwalkedoutofthestage,____________(wave)herhandselegantlytohercrazyfans.答案：waving4．Itisthesecondtimethatthevolcano____________(erupt)inlessthanamonth.答案：haserupted5．Thisstudymaycontributetotreating____________(anxious)andstressbetter.答案：anxiety6．Iwasabouttohandinthepaper____________Ifoundanothermistakeandthencorrecteditcarefully.答案：when7．This____________(be)myfirstperformance,IwassonervousthatIfeltIcouldhardlybreathe.答案：being8．____________(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.答案：Havingwaited9．Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,____________(bathe)themountainingoldenlight.答案：bathing10．ChangbaishanisChina’slargestnaturereserveandishome____________roedeer.答案：toeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單元語法——v.-ing形式作狀語單句語法填空1．Theythankedmeoverandoverandthecashierwasmovedtotears____________(say)therewasanangelinherlinetoday.答案：saying2．Allthepeopleinthevillagemovedaway,____________(leave)itanemptyvillage.答案：leaving3．____________(water)theflowers,hebegantocutthegrass.答案：Havingwatered4．____________(enjoy)thebeautyofnature,weshouldtryourbesttoprotectit.答案：Enjoying5．Theboybroughthisguitartothestage,____________(wear)afashionablehatwhichmadehimseemsomysterious.答案：wearingeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材與語法填空根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I1.____________(appoint)asavolcanologisttwentyyearsjobisexcitingbut(occasional)don’tmindthedangerbecauseIhelpprotectordinarypeoplefromthevoIdoistocollectdatabaseaboutMountKilauea,3.____________activevolcanoincollectedandevaluatedtheinformation,Ihelpotherscientiststopredictwherelavafromthevolcanowillflownextandhowfast.When4.____________(boil)rockeruptsfromavolcanoandcrashesbacktoearth,itcauses5.____________(little)damagethanyoumightreasonis________noonelivesnearthetopofMountKilauea,wheretherocks,thelavacanburyeverythingin7.____________(it)pathunderthemoltenrock.OnceIwasluckyenough8.____________(have)amuchcloserlookatthevolcanothedayafterits(erupt)withtwootherhadtowearprotectivesuitsthatcoveredourwholemadeourwaytheedgeofthecraterandcollectedsomelavaforlaterwasmyfirstexperience.答案：appointedhaveeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)話題知識與寫作(Ⅰ)根據(jù)提示翻譯下列句子。1．我的朋友李華是一個很有潛力的人。(potentialabilities)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Myfriend,LiHua,isapersonwhohaspotentialabilities.2．大學(xué)畢業(yè)后他被任命為一名消防隊員。(appoint...as...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Aftergraduatingfromcollege,hewasappointedasafirefighter.3．一天下班后，他正要去超市購物，這時他發(fā)現(xiàn)一間房屋著火了。(breakout)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Onedayafterwork,hewasabouttogoshoppingatthesupermarketwhenhefoundafirebrokeoutinahouse.4．跑到現(xiàn)場，他匆匆地看了一下火情，穿過人群，不驚不慌地沖進燃燒的建筑物里。(glancethrough)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Herushedtothespot,glancedthroughthesituationofthefire,madehiswaythroughthecrowdwithoutpanic,andwentintotheburningbuilding.5．他冒著生命危險救出了被困的五個孩子。(risk)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Riskinghisownlife,hesavedfivechildrentrappedinthefire.6．他的英勇行為受到了同事和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的表揚。(becauseof)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Becauseofhisheroicbehavior,hewaspraisedbyhiscolleaguesandleader.(Ⅱ)將以上句子連成一篇語言流暢、用詞準確、邏輯嚴密的短文。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Myfriend,LiHua,isapersonwhohaspotentialabilities.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,hewasappointedasafirefighter.Onedayafterwork,hewasabouttogoshoppingatthesupermarketwhenhefoundafirebrokeoutinahouse.Rushingtothespotandglancingthroughthesituationofthefire,hemadehiswaythroughthecrowdwithoutpanic,andwentintotheburningbuilding.Riskinghisownlife,hesavedfivechildrentrappedinthefire.Becauseofhisheroicbehavior,hewaspraisedbyhiscolleaguesandleader.閱讀提速練eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解A(2017·浙江卷10月)Thereareenergysavingstobemadefromallrecyclablematerials,sometimeshugesavings.Recyclingplasticsandaluminum,forinstance,usesonly5%to10%asmuchenergyasproducingnewplasticorsmelting(提煉)aluminum.Longbeforemostofusevennoticedwhatwenowcall“theenvironment，”BuckminsterFullersaid,“Pollutionisnothingbuttheresourceswearenotharvesting.Weallowthemtobeleftaroundbecausewe’vebeenignorantoftheirvalue.”Totakeoneexample,let’scomparethethrowawayeconomywitharecyclingeconomyaswefeedacatforlife.Sayyourcatweight5kgandeatsonecanoffoodeachday.Eachemptycanofitsfoodweighs40g.Inathrowawayeconomy,youwouldthrowaway5，475cansoverthecat’s15-yearlifetime.That’s219kgofsteel—morethanafifthofatonandmorethan40timesthecat’sweight.Inarecyclingeconomy,wewouldmakeonesetof100canstostartwith,thenreplacethemoverandoveragainwithrecycledcans.Sincealmost3%ofthemetalislostduringreprocessing,we’dhavetomakeanextra10canseachyear.Butinall,only150canswillbeusedupoverthecat’slifetime—andwe’llstillhave100leftoverforthenextcat.Insteadofusingup219kgofsteel,we’veusedonly6kg.Andbecausetheprocessofrecyclingsteelislesspollutingthanmakingnewsteel,we’vealsoachievedthefollowingsignificantsavings:inenergyuse—47%to74%;inairpollution—85%;inwaterpollution—35%;inwateruse—40%.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文首段點明主旨：回收利用可大大節(jié)約資源，并引用偉大建筑師富勒的話和養(yǎng)貓喂食的例子肯定循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的價值所在。1．WhatdoesBuckminsterFullersayaboutpollution?A．Itisbecomingmoreserious.B．Itdestroystheenvironment.C．Itbenefitstheeconomy.D．Itistheresourcesyettobeused.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的BuckminsterFuller的話：“Pollutionisnothingbuttheresourceswearenotharvesting.Weallowthemtobeleftaroundbecausewe’vebeenignorantoftheirvalue.”可知，他認為污染只不過是我們沒有收獲的資源。由于我們對它們的價值一無所知，因此讓它們白白浪費。故選D。2．Howmanycanswillbeusedupinacat’s15-yearlifetimeinarecyclingeconomy?A．50. B．100.C．150. D．250.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Butinall,only150canswillbeusedupoverthecat’slifetime”可以推斷出，循環(huán)經(jīng)濟下，要養(yǎng)活一只存活15年的貓需要用掉150個罐。故選C。3．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Topromotetheideaofrecycling.B．Tointroduceanenvironmentalist.C．Todiscussthecausesofpollution.D．Todefendthethrowawayeconomy.A解析：寫作目的題。文章通過養(yǎng)貓喂食的例子，用數(shù)字對比了循環(huán)經(jīng)濟和一次性經(jīng)濟消耗資源的不同結(jié)果，目的是推廣回收利用的理念。故選A。BTheworldrecordholderforthenumberofuniversitydegreesisa70-year-oldItalian.BaiettilivesinthetownofVelletrinearRomeandspendshisdayswalkingaroundhissmallhouseandeverymorningasearlyas3o’clock，hepullsouthistextbooksandstartsstudying.Henowholds15bachelorsormaster’sdegreesfromuniversitiesacrossItaly，andisalreadyattemptinghis16th.“Thankstobooks，Ifeelfree，”hetellstheBBCjournalists.“Afterall，thewordssharethesameroot，”hesays，referringtotheItalianwordslibro(book)andlibero(free)．Thecertificatesprovinghistalenthangonthewallsofhisstudy，showingpeoplethathewaswritingnewpagesintheGuinnessBookof2002hegothiseighthdegreeinmotorbeforethathealreadyhaddegreesinsociology，literature，law，politicalscienceandphilosophy，mostfromRome’sfamousLaSapienzaUniversity,oneoftheoldestintheworld.Sincethen，hehasaddedsevenotherdegreestohislist，includingoneincriminology(犯罪學(xué))，oneinmilitarystrategiesandthelatestoneintourisminFebruaryofthesethreewerefromonlineuniversities.“EachtimeIsetmyselfanewchallengetoseehowfarmybodyandmybraincango，”saysMr.Baietti.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。來自意大利的70歲的LucianoBaietti先生是已獲得大學(xué)學(xué)位總數(shù)最多的世界紀錄保持者。4．Whatcanweknowaboutfromthepassage?A．Hehasawiderangeoflearning.B．Heistheoldestworldrecordholder.C．Hehasgotcrazyaboutgettingdegrees.D．Hegotallhisdegreesbygoingtoschool.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三至五段可以推斷LucianoBaietti先生的學(xué)習(xí)范圍非常廣泛。awiderangeof意思是“廣泛的，多種多樣的”，所以選項A正確。5．Whyhastriedtogetsomanydegrees?A．Toshowhistalent.B．Tochallengehimself.C．Tobecomepopular.D．Tobreaktheworldrecord.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“EachtimeIsetmyselfanewchallengetoseehowfarmybodyandmybraincango”可知選項B正確。6．Wheredoesthispassagemostprobablycomefrom?A．Anewspaper. B．Abiography.C．Atravelmagazine. D．Astorybook.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文尤其是第四段LucianoBaietti先生接受BBC采訪的信息可以推斷本文應(yīng)該是一篇新聞報道。所以選項A正確。CCrossingyourlegsisanextremelycommonhabit;mostpeopledon’tevennoticethatthey’redoingitwhentheysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyourbloodpressuretopushthebloodbacktotheheart.Youwon’tfeelanyimmediateeffects,butrepeated,drawn-outincreasesinbloodpressurecancauselong-termhealthissues.So,planningtositforalongperiodoftime?Don’tkeepyourlegscrossed.“Crossingyourlegsatthekneecanalsocausepressureonthemajornerveinyourlegthatpassesjustbelowyourkneeandalongtheoutsideofyourleg，”explainsRichardGraves,amedicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle—whatweknowasthat“pins__and__needles”sensation.Whilethefeelingofdiscomfortmayonlylastaminuteortwo,repeatedlycrossingyourlegsuntiltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyourhealthinthelongrun.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇科普說明文。研究表明，雖然蹺二郎腿是常見的習(xí)慣，但是該習(xí)慣會引起血壓的升高，還會導(dǎo)致膝蓋以下的重要神經(jīng)受損。所以不要蹺二郎腿，要有正確的坐姿。7．Whatcanwelearnaboutcrossingone’slegs?A．Itisaverybadsocialhabit.B．Itisusuallypracticeddeliberately.C．Itcandoharmtopeople’shealth.D．Itcanmakeothersfeeluncomfortable.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.”可知，蹺二郎腿會引起健康問題，故C項正確。8．Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscrossedcan________．A．a(chǎn)ffectyourbloodpressureB．resistgravityeffectivelyC．leadtoheartattackseasilyD．improvethefunctionoflegsA解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.”可知，研究表明，蹺二郎腿會引起血壓的升高，故A項正確。9．Inthethirdparagraph“pinsandneedles”probablymeans“________”．A．slightlysharppains B．beingalittletiredC．seriousmuscleinjuries D．beinghighlyflexibleA解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle”可知，這種壓力會導(dǎo)致腿部和腳的一些肌肉暫時麻痹，使人無法站立，有一種針刺感；據(jù)此可以判斷，畫線詞意為“輕微的針刺感似的疼痛”，故A項正確。10．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Tocomparecommonhabits.B．Togivereaderssomeadvice.C．Toevaluatetheeffectsofanexperiment.D．Tointroduceresearchmethods.B解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通過分析蹺二郎腿這一習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致的健康問題，建議人們不要蹺二郎腿，要有正確的坐姿，故B項正確。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七選五Comingface-to-facewithyourinadequacies(缺點)canbepainful,tosaytheleast.1.________Itevenmakesyouquestionyourself.Yourknee-jerkreactionmaybetogetdefensiveorevendismissthecritiqueentirely.Buthandlingnegativefeedbackwithgracewillnotonlymakeyoulookgracious,butitcouldultimatelyhelpyougrowasaperson.Here’showtodoit.?BeobjectiveaboutthecriticismBeforeyoujumptoconclusionsandbegintochallengetheotherperson’sopinion,takeastepbackandlookatitobjectively.Nexttimeyougetabadreview,don’timmediatelyallowyouremotionstogetthebetterofyou,butrather,takeamomenttoconsiderwhetherthecriticismisatallaccurate.2.________?AvoidunnecessaryconflictIfyoudecidethatthepointisvalid,itmaybehardtotake.Inyourdiscomfort,youmayfeeltheurgetocriticizetheotherpersonangrilyanddefendyourself.3.________?Beopentotheideaofchange4．________Anditmaybebecauseofaconceptcalled“cognitivedissonance”thatcanpreventusfromchangingevenwhenthat’swhatweneedmost.?AskquestionsIfyou’reopentousingthecriticismasaspringboardtoimprovement,youwilllikelyneedmoreinformation.5.________Youremotionswillberunninghigh,andyoumaynotbeparticularlyreceptivetoextrainform