Unit 3 Extended reading 文章解析-高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

XB3Unit3Hellcomestopearlharbor20XX.XX.XX1.helln.

地獄；苦難的經(jīng)歷，悲慘的境況

(不加a/

the)2.aboardprep.&adv.

在（車、船、飛機(jī)等）上，上（車、船、飛機(jī)等）boardn.告示牌；董事會(huì)

v.上船(或火車、飛機(jī)等);寄宿goaboard上船；上飛機(jī)

onboard在船上3.rubvt.&vi.擦，磨，搓；（使）相互摩擦rubbern.橡膠；橡皮4.washroomn.洗手間，廁所5.uniformn.制服；隊(duì)服adj.一致的，統(tǒng)一的形近詞：abroad

在國(guó)外→broad廣闊的，寬闊的6.violentlyadv.猛烈地，厲害地；強(qiáng)烈地，激烈地；兇狠地→violentadj.

暴力的,猛烈的→violencen.暴力,暴行7.eaglen.

雕8.divevi.俯沖；跳水；潛水n.沖，撲，俯沖；潛水；跳水godiving潛水

diveinto跳入；鉆研9.thundervi.轟隆隆地響；打雷

n.雷，雷聲10.freezevi.&vt.(froze,frozen)突然停止，呆??；結(jié)冰；凍僵frozenadj.冷凍的

；結(jié)冰的→freezingadj.

結(jié)冰的；極冷的befrozentodeath被凍死(be)frozenwithfear因害怕而呆住freezingpoint

11.deckn.甲板，艙面12.meanwhileadv.同時(shí)；期間；對(duì)比之下13.dragvt.拖，拉；緩慢而費(fèi)力地移動(dòng)14.chaosn.混亂，雜亂inchaos=inamess

混亂；紛亂15.navyn.海軍，海軍部隊(duì)16.bleedvi.(bled,bled)

失血，流血→bloodn.血，血液→bleedingn.出血bleedtodeath流血而死17.hatchvt.密謀，策劃；使孵出vi.孵化；孵出hatchoutvi.孵出；策劃18.plotn.陰謀；故事情節(jié)

vi.&vt.

密謀

(plotted,plotting)plot(withsb)todosth(與...)密謀做...hatchaplottodosth策劃陰謀做某事19.infamyn.臭名昭著，聲名狼藉；惡行，罪行→famen.名聲；聲譽(yù)；名氣→famousadj.著名的；出名的→infamousadj.臭名昭著的，名聲狼藉的20.sinkvi.&vt.(sank,sunk)下沉，沉沒(méi)；坐下；降低

n.(廚房里的)

洗滌池，洗碗槽sunkenadj.

沉沒(méi)的；凹陷的；比周圍低的21.memorialn.紀(jì)念碑（或像等）；紀(jì)念物→memorizevt.記憶；記住，背熟→memoryn.記憶力；回憶22.prayvi.&vt.企盼，祈求；祈禱，禱告prayern.祈禱，禱告；懇求；祈禱文pray(tosb)forsb/sth祈禱；懇求23.episoden.一段經(jīng)歷，片段；一集24.textilen.紡織品；(textiles)紡織業(yè)25.reformvt.改進(jìn)，改革，改良n.改革，改良→reformern.改革家；改革運(yùn)動(dòng)者；改良者26.outputn.產(chǎn)量，輸出量

opp:input

輸入27.clothn.織物，布料cloth意思是“織物，布料”時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。

意思是“（一塊）布；（尤指一塊）抹布，桌布等”時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。cloth是可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是cloths，不是clothes.28.shiftn.改變，轉(zhuǎn)移；輪班vi.&vt.（使）移動(dòng)，（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；改變theshiftfrom···to···

從…到…的轉(zhuǎn)變

shiftthefocus改變關(guān)注點(diǎn)nightshifts夜班

workinginshifts輪班工作29.cottagen.小屋，村舍

cottageindustry家庭手工業(yè)DoyouknowtheJapaneseattackonPearlHarbor?PearlHarborisaU.S.navalbasenearHonolulu,HawaiiAmericaenteredWorldWarIIaftertheattackWhatdoyouknowabouttheattackonPearlHarbor?Watchamovieclipabouttheevent.ScanningThetextisorganizedintheorderof______.timePara1BeforetheattackPara2-4DuringtheattackPara5-6AftertheattackPara7PresentWhilereading,payattentiontothelinkingwordsthatindicatethetimeorder.historicalevents:thechronologicalorder

/?kr?n??l?d??kl/按發(fā)生時(shí)間順序排列的Part1：Beforetheattack(Para.1)When5:45a.m.,Sunday,December,1941WhereWhowarshipUSSArizonaWhatSeamanRussell;QuartermasterLousisConterawakenby...,madehisbed,cleaned...,wenttothewashroom,

dressedintheiruniforms,

satdowntobreakfastItwasSunday,December7,1941.Asusual,thewake-upcallcameat5:45a.m.ThemenaboardthewarshipUSSArizonastretchedandrubbedtheireyes.SeamanRussellWarrinerwasawakenedbyQuartermasterLouisConter.Russellmadehisbedandhelpedcleanthehuge,sharedroom.Themenwenttothewashroom,dressedintheiruniformsandsatdowntobreakfast.Itlookedlikeitwouldbeanormaldayonboardtheship.那是1941年12月7日，星期天。和往常一樣，起床號(hào)在早上5點(diǎn)45分響起。美國(guó)“亞利桑那號(hào)”戰(zhàn)列艦上的人伸了伸懶腰，揉了揉眼睛。軍需官路易?孔泰叫醒了海員拉塞爾?沃里納。拉塞爾整理了床鋪，還幫忙打掃了這個(gè)巨大的共用房間。人們走進(jìn)盥洗室，穿上制服，然后坐下來(lái)吃早飯?？雌疬@將是船上平常的一天。Butnobodyatetheirbreakfast:atthatmoment,therewasahugecrashingsoundfromabove.Theshipshookviolentlyandthemenlookedateachotherinhorror.Abovetheirheads,hundredsofJapaneseplanescircledlikeeagles.TheyweredivingdowntodropbombsonPearlHarbor.Thescreamoftheirengineswasdeafening.Asbombsthunderedallaround,cloudsofblacksmokeroseintotheskyandhungoverthesea.但是沒(méi)有人吃早飯:就在那時(shí)，上面?zhèn)鱽?lái)一聲巨響。船劇烈地?fù)u晃著，船員們驚恐地面面相覷。在他們頭頂上，數(shù)百架日本飛機(jī)像鷹一樣盤(pán)旋，它們俯沖下來(lái)把炸彈投到珍珠港。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)出的轟鳴聲震耳欲聾。炸彈在各處炸響，黑煙形成云，升上空并籠平著大海。Russellfelthisbloodfreeze,buthequicklycametohimselfandrusheduptothedeck.Momentslater,abombhittheUSSArizonaandRussellwasthrownmorethan100metersacrosstheship.Hesufferedseriousburnsonhishands,armsandlegs,andwatchedmanyofhisfriendsdie.拉塞爾覺(jué)得自己的血都凝固了，但他立馬反應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)，沖到甲板上。片刻之后，一枚炸彈擊中了美國(guó)“亞利桑那號(hào)”戰(zhàn)艦，拉塞爾被炸到100多米開(kāi)外。他的手、胳膊和腿被嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?，眼睜睜地看著許多朋友死去。Louis,meanwhile,alsostandingonthedeck,wasluckynottobethrownintothesea.Withonlyminorinjuries,hewasabletohelpotherswhowereseverelyburntandinterriblepain.Afterreceivingtheordertoabandonship,Louissavedmoremenfromthewater,draggingthemintothelifeboat.此時(shí)，路易也站在甲板上，很幸運(yùn)沒(méi)有被炸進(jìn)海里。他只受了輕傷，還能幫助那些嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?、病苦不堪的人。在接到棄船的命令后，路易從水中救出了更多的人，把他們拖上了救生艇。Inthechaosandconfusionaftertheattack,theUSNavysentamessagetohisfamilythatLouishadbeenkilledintheattack.Luckily,hewasabletogetintouchwiththembeforethemessagearrived.Despitehisremarkableactions,Louisdidnotthinkthathewasahero.“Theheroesaretheonesthatgavetheirlivesthatday,”hesaid.發(fā)生襲擊后一片混亂，美國(guó)海軍給路易的家人發(fā)送了條消息，稱路易已經(jīng)在襲擊中喪生。幸運(yùn)的是，他在這則消息到家之前已經(jīng)與家人取得了聯(lián)系。路易雖然做出了非凡的舉動(dòng)，但他并不認(rèn)為自己是英雄?！坝⑿凼悄切┰谀翘飓I(xiàn)出生命的人，”他說(shuō)。Russellwassavedfromthewater,buthewasbadlyburnt,bleedingheavily.Fortunately,hewastakentohospitalandsurvived.Formanyyears,Russellrefusedtotalkaboutwhathappenedthatmorning,describingitsimplyas“hell”.HiswifeElsasaid,“Whenheopeneduplateron,healwaysmentionedthehorrorofit.”拉塞爾被從海里救了出來(lái)，但他被嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?，大量出血。幸運(yùn)的是，他被送醫(yī)院并活了下來(lái)。多年來(lái)，拉塞爾一直拒絕談?wù)撃翘煸缟习l(fā)生的事情，只是簡(jiǎn)單地把它描述為“地獄”。他的妻子埃爾莎說(shuō):“后來(lái)他敞開(kāi)心扉時(shí)，總是提到那次襲擊多么可怕。”LouisandRussellwouldneverforgettheterriblesceneoftheattack,buttheywerefortunateenoughtobeamongthefewsurvivorsfromtheArizona.Nobodyhadexpectedthebombing.JapanhadhatchedaplottolaunchasurpriseattackonPearlHarbor,sotheattackbeganwithoutwarningandwithoutdeclaringwarontheUnitedStates.路易和拉塞爾永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記受襲擊時(shí)的可怕場(chǎng)面，但他們足夠幸運(yùn)，是“亞利桑那號(hào)”的少數(shù)幸存者。沒(méi)有人料到會(huì)有空襲。日本策劃了突襲珍珠港的陰謀，所以對(duì)這次襲擊沒(méi)有發(fā)出任何警告，也沒(méi)有對(duì)美國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)。Theattackdestroyednearly20Americanshipsandover180airplanes.Intotal,morethan2,000Americanpeoplewerekilledandover1,000otherswerewoundedthatday.Morethan1,000peopleaboardtheArizonalosttheirlives.Outof37setsofbrothers,Russellandhisbrotherweretheonlyfullpairtosurvivetheattack.這次擊毀了近20艘美國(guó)軍艦和180多架飛機(jī)。當(dāng)天共有超過(guò)2，000名美國(guó)人死亡，1，000多人受傷?！皝喞Ｄ翘?hào)”上有1，000多人喪生。在37對(duì)兄弟中，拉塞爾和他的兄弟是唯一存下來(lái)的完整的一對(duì)。Thesurpriseattackcameasagreatshocktothewholenation.Thenextday,PresidentRooseveltdeliveredhisfamousPearlHarborSpeech,inwhichhedescribedDecember7as“adatewhichwillliveininfamy”andaskedthattheUSCongressdeclarewaronJapan.Inresponsetotheattackandthepresident’saddress,theUnitedStatesjoinedtheSecondWorldWar.這次突然襲擊使美國(guó)全國(guó)大為震驚。第二天，羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)發(fā)表了著名的《珍珠港演說(shuō))，他稱12月7日為“一個(gè)恥