被動語態(tài)課件

被動語態(tài)中考復習專題十一Passivevoice1.什么是被動語態(tài)？2.如何將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)?3.被動語態(tài)的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)5.被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題4.什么時候要用被動語態(tài)？LearningObjectives:語態(tài)概述：表示謂語與主語之間的關系的動詞形式叫做語態(tài)，英語動詞分為兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)(theActiveVoice)和被動語態(tài)(thePassiveVoice)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。Tom

waterstheflowerseveryday.Tom每天給澆花。主語謂語主語為動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。主語Theflowers

arewateredbyTomeveryday.花每天被Tom澆水。謂語主語為動作的承受者賓語賓語如何將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)?主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)They(主語)grow(謂語)tea(賓語)inthesouth-eastofChina.by

them(賓語)isgrown(謂語)Tea(主語)inthesouth-eastofChina.Step1：Step2：Step3：將主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的______。將主動語態(tài)的謂語改為“________________”結(jié)構(gòu)。將主動語態(tài)的主語改為介詞by的________，放在謂語之后(有時可以省略)。代詞賓格主語be+done(過去分詞)賓語donebe被動語態(tài)的謂語構(gòu)成:be(助動詞)＋done(及物動詞的過去分詞）②有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞變過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法見課本最后一頁不規(guī)則動詞表①變否定和疑問句。變化固定各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+done2一般過去時didwas/were+done3一般將來時will/shall+dowill/shall+

be+done4過去將來時would+dowould+

be+done5現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being+done6過去進行時was/were+doingwas/were+being+done7現(xiàn)在完成時

have/has+donehave/has+been+done8過去完成時had+donehad+been+done9含情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+do情態(tài)動詞+be+done

※

重點考查一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時及含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。時態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+not＋done一般過去時was/were+not＋done現(xiàn)在/過去進行時am/is/are+not+being+done

was/were一般/過去將來時will/shall/would+not＋be＋done現(xiàn)在/過去完成時has/have/had+not＋been＋done含情態(tài)動詞can/must/should/may...+not＋be＋done

被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)的否定形式總結(jié)：1.含情態(tài)動詞的not加在情態(tài)動詞后面；

2.有助動詞的not加在助動詞后面，助動詞有：一般/過去將來時態(tài)的will/shall/should，現(xiàn)在/過去完成時態(tài)的have/has/had，現(xiàn)在/過去進行時態(tài)的be(am,is,are,was,were)。1.NowEnglish___bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.

A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspokenD.spoke2.Students___nottousemobilephonesinourschool.

A.askB.askedC.areaskedD.wereasked一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：①意義：表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的被動動作②時間狀語：now,ever...,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom等。③結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are(not)+done鏈接中考(2019襄陽)—Ienjoyedwalkingonthecleanstreetsinthemorning.—Youknowthey____bythehard-workingcleanereveryday.A.cleanB.arecleanedC.arecleaningD.willclean1.Thelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.wasfoundB.foundC.waslookedforD.lookedfor2.Thegifts____tomebymyfriendsyesterday.A.aren'tboughtB.isn'tboughtC.weren'tboughtD.wasn'tbought鏈接中考(2019宜昌)—It'sreportedthat31ofthebraveyoungmen_____inabigforestfireinSichuan.—Idon'tknowwhotheyare,butIknowwhotheyarefor.A.werekillingB.werekilledC.killedD.hadkilled一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：①意義：表示在過去時間發(fā)生的被動動作。②時間狀語：yesterday,last...,...ago等。③結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were(not)+done1.Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.A.willsendupB.willbesentupC.aresentupD.aresendingup2.Ibelievethatthosemountains____withtreesinafewyears.A.arecoveredB.willbecoveredC.arecoveringD.willcover鏈接中考(2019咸寧)—Thepassengerrefusedtomoveaftertakinganotherone'sseat!.—Whatashame!He_____accordingtothenewlycreditsystem(誠信系統(tǒng)).A.punishB.punishedC.willpunishD.willbepunished一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：①意義：表示將來某一時間將要發(fā)生的被動動作。②時間狀語：tomorrow,next...,inthefuture,in+時間段等。③結(jié)構(gòu)：

will/shall(not)+be+

done1.Threebridges____sincelastyear.A.havebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.built2.Inthepast10years,manyman-madesatellites______upbyChinese.A.hasbeensentB.hassentC.weresentD.sent鏈接中考(2019上海浦東)People______tosetofffirecrackersinsomeareasofShanghaiforseveralmonths.A.aren'tallowedB.weren'tallowedC.won'tbeallowedD.haven'tbeenallowed現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：①意義：表示到說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，主語是謂語動詞動作的承受者。②時間狀語：already,ever,recently,lately,yet,sofar,since...,inthepast...等。③結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has(not)+been+

done1.English____everydayifyouwanttolearnitwell.A.shouldreadB.shouldbereadC.shouldberedD.shouldbeenread2.—Foodsafetyisveryimportant.—Sosomerules_____tostoppeoplefrompollutingfood.A.makeB.mustbemadeC.mustmadeD.bemade鏈接中考(2018達州)—Finalexamiscoming.Don'twatchTVfortoolong.—I'mnotachildanymore.I_____whattodo.A.shouldalwaysbetoldB.shouldalwaystellC.shouldn'talwaysbetoldD.shouldn'talwaystell含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：①意義：常常用來表示具有某種特定的感情色彩的被動動作。②結(jié)構(gòu)：can/may/must/should...(not)+be+

done什么時候要用被動語態(tài)？1.不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者時；2.出于禮貌或不便提到動作的執(zhí)行者時；Everybody

isexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下規(guī)定。Mybikewasstolen．我的自行車被偷了。3.需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時；(漢語中含有“被”、“由”等詞時。)Thetigerwaskilled

byWuSong．老虎是被武松打死的。4.動作的發(fā)出者不是人時Hishouse

waswashed

awaybytheflood.他的房子被洪水沖走了。5.文章的標題、廣告、新聞等用語Waiters

wanted.

(招聘服務員，省去了are)6.某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)He

wasborn

inOctober，1989.

他出生于1989年10月。7.漢語中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“據(jù)報道”等作客觀說明時。Itissaid(據(jù)說)thatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……Itwasreported(據(jù)報道)thathermotherdiedofSARS.眾所周知……Itis

(well/widely)knownthat…據(jù)信......It'sbeievedthat...據(jù)推測說……Itissupposedthat…據(jù)了解......It'sunderstoodthat...withoutparents_____goodcareofbyhisteacher.主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞（be）的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)與新主語保持一致。

ThechildA.istakenB.aretakenC.wastakenD.willbetakene.g.Theteachertakesgoodcareofthechildwithoutparents.1.主謂一致在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題易錯點主語()

后置定語①將間接賓語(指人)提前做被動語態(tài)的主語,直接賓語仍放在動詞后面不變。

即：間賓+be+done+直賓+...e.g.Myfathergave

me

anewbookonmybirthday.I

_________anewbookonmybirthday(bymyfather).wasgiven2.含雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語）的動詞②把后面直接賓語(指物)提前做主語，此時要在間接賓語前加上介詞to(在give,pass,lend,write,bring,show,tell,send等動詞后)

或for(在draw,buy,make,leave,play,order,cook等動詞后)。

即：

直賓+be+done+介詞(for/to)+間賓+...Myfathergave

me

anewbookonmybirthday.e.g.Anewbook____________meanewbookonmybirthday.wasgiven

to

①He_________aninterestingstorybyhisgrandpa.②Aninterestingstory___________himbyhisgrandpa.1.Mysister

boughtme

anewcomputeryesterday.①I__________anewcomputer(bymysister)yesterday.②Anewcomput____________me(bymysister)yesterday.wasbought

wasboughtfor

Hisgrandpatold

him

aninterestingstory.wastold

towastold

3、在主動語態(tài)中，動詞不定式在let,make,see,hear等使役動詞、感觀動詞后作賓語補足語時，要省去“to”，但在被動語態(tài)中，“to”要還原?！@種用法的常用動詞有：

一感

feel

二聽

hear,listen

to

三使

make,let,have

四看

see,watch,notice,lookat

①Ioften

make

mylittlesistercry.Mylittlesister___often________cry.e.g.ismadeto考點還有help哦②剛才有人看見Paul進了這間辦公室。Paul_____________enterthisofficejustnow.wasseento

4.主動形式表被動意義的情況：1.某些系動詞如smell,look,sound,feel等，不用于被動語態(tài)，用主動形式表被動意義。e.g.

Ababy'sskin________smooth.嬰兒的皮膚摸起來很光滑。

Goodmedicine_________bitter.良藥苦口（嘗起來）。

Yourreason__________reasonable.你的理由聽起來很合理。

Thedressonyou______verysmart.你身上這件裙子很好看。feels

tastes

考點soundslooks2.某些可以用來表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“狀態(tài)”，與well(很),easily(容易的),perfectly(十分地)等狀語連用的動詞，如wash,sell,read,wear,feel,keep,write,drive等，不用于被動語態(tài)，用主動形式表被動意義。e.g.ThebookswrittenbyMoYan______well.莫言寫的書很暢銷。Thiskindofcloth_________easily.這種布料很容易洗。

Thepen_______well.這筆好寫。sellwashes易錯writes3.主語+beworthdoing

句式中

V.ing形式表達被動含義;。e.g.

這本書值得一讀。

Thebookisworth

__________.

故宮博物院值得一游。ThePalaceMuseumisworth__________.

這個故事值得一聽

Thestoryisworth

______________.。

listeningtoreadingvisiting教材中常見的一些表被動含義的短語：1.becoveredwith...被......覆蓋

2.befilledwith...裝滿/充滿......=befullof...3.beregardedas...被視為......4.becosideredas...被認為/看作......5.beallowedtodosth.被允許做某事6.be

madeof...由......(看得出來的原料)制成7.be

madefrom...由......(看不出來的原料)制成8.be

madein...由(某地方)制造9.

be

madeby...由(某人)制造

10.beusedtodosth.被用來做某事

beusedfor...被用于......

beusedas...被當作......來使用11.besupposed/expectedto...應該/被期待做某事12.makesb.done

使自己被別人......13.have/getsth.done讓某事/物被......1.—It'sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.—Ithinkabridge______overtheriver.A.wasbuildB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.shouldbebuilt2.Don'tworry.You______plentyoftimetodecide.A.willgiveB.havegivenC.willbegivenD.aregiving3.—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it______verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltExercise單項選擇：4.Thiskindofpen_____well,becauseit______smoothly.A.sells;writesB.issold;writesC.sells;iswrittenD.issold;iswriting5.Newspapers______paper.Paper______wood.

A.aremadeof;ismadefrom

B.ismadeof;ismadefrom

C.aremadefrom;ismadeof

D.ismadefrom;ismadeof

6.Tom!You_____onthephonejustnow,butyou_____in.A.wanted;wereB.arewanted;areC.called;aren'tD.werewanted;weren't.