大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)圖表類寫作

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)圖表作文圖表作文表作文圖作文1.表作文（table)：2.圖作文可分為3種：piechart:餅圖/圓形圖barchart/graph:直方圖/柱形圖/條形圖linechart/graph/curvediagram:曲線圖tableBargraphPiechartLinegraphLinegraph謀篇方法1.先描寫數(shù)據(jù)變化2.再分析變化背后的原因3.最后是筆者的個(gè)人看法，預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)或提出解決問(wèn)題的方法。如何寫好圖表作文1.對(duì)比分析，尋找數(shù)據(jù)的變化規(guī)律舉例（1991.6）ChangesinPeople’sDietDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan100wordsonChangesinPeople’sDiet.Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandyourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthetable.Writethreeparagraphsto:table1.Statethechangesinpeople’sdiet(飲食）inthepastfiveyears;2.givenpossiblereasonsforchanges.3.drawyourownconclusions.4.youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.通過(guò)橫向、縱向?qū)Ρ确治?，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)grain的消費(fèi)量逐年下降，5年間減少了4%，而milk的消費(fèi)卻逐年增加，meat的消費(fèi)也逐年增加。縱向看，milk和meat變化趨勢(shì)相同，占總消費(fèi)量的比例在增大，而grain的比例變化正相反，從而歸納出一個(gè)總的變化規(guī)律：grain的消費(fèi)量在減少，而milk和meat的消費(fèi)量在增加。Fromthetablewecanseethatduringthepastfiveyearstherehavebeengreatchangesinpeople’sdiet.Thegreatestchangeoccursingrainconsumption,whichhasdropped4%from49%in1986to45%in1990intotalfoodconsumption.(continue…)Thesecondgreatestchangeisinmilkconsumption,whichincreased3%from10%in1986to13%in1990,butontheotherhand,twotrendscanbeobservedintheconsumptionofmeatandfruitandvegetables.From1986to1989,meatconsumptionincreasedfrom17%to23%,whilethatoffruitandvegetablesdroppedfrom24%to20%.From1989to1990,meatconsumptiondroppedalittleto21%,whilethatoffruitandvegetablesincreasedalittleto21%.Whathascausedthegreatchangesinpeople’sdiet?Themainreason,Ithink,liesintheimprovementinpeople’sincomelevel.Withthedevelopmentofoursociety,peoplearebecomingricherandricher,whichenablesthemtopurchasemorenutritiousfoodsuchasmeatandmilk.Inthemeantime,grainconsumptioninpeople’sdietconsequentlydropped.Sofromtheanalysis,wecandrawaconclusionthatoursocietyisprogressingandpeoplearelivingabettlerlifethaneverbefore.Wearenowabletopurchasemoredeliciousandnutritiousfood,resultinginanimprovementinourhealth.e.g.2201816141210864201990199520002002.6StudentUseofComputersDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:StudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:上圖所示為某校大學(xué)生平均每周使用計(jì)算機(jī)的時(shí)間：1990年（2hours）,1995年(4hours),2000(20hours),請(qǐng)描述變化：請(qǐng)說(shuō)明發(fā)生這些變化的原因（可從計(jì)算機(jī)的用途、價(jià)格或社會(huì)發(fā)展等方面加以說(shuō)明）你認(rèn)為目前大學(xué)生在計(jì)算機(jī)使用中有什么困難和問(wèn)題。分析：此柱形圖表明，隨著時(shí)間的推移，大學(xué)生越來(lái)越多地使用電腦。Studentstendtousecomputersmoreandmorenowadays.Readingthischart,wecanfindthattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply.In1990,itwaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasedtoalmost4hours;whilein2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.Obviously,computersarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.First,computersfacilitateusinmoreaspectsoflife.Also,thefastdevelopmentoftheInternetenlargesourdemandsforusingcomputers.WecaneasilycontactwithfriendsinremoteplacesthroughtheInternet.Besides,thepricesofcomputersaregettinglowerandlower,whichenablesmorestudentstopurchasethem.Alongwiththetimespentoncomputers,therearisesomeproblems.ThemostseriousoneisthatmanystudentsarespendingsomuchtimeplayingPCgamessothattheyignoretheirstudies.Itisurgenttoletthestudentsusecomputersinaproperway.2.篩選數(shù)據(jù)，切忌一一列出！挑選有說(shuō)服力的數(shù)據(jù)，主要是首尾兩端的數(shù)字或其增減值。以表1為例：Thepercentageofgrainconsumptiondecreasedgradually,from49%in1986to45%in1990.-----簡(jiǎn)明扼要。又如：milk和meat的變化，都說(shuō)明了同一觀點(diǎn)：人們的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入增加了，生活水平提高了，能夠消費(fèi)得起價(jià)格較高的肉奶食品。這樣，描述milk的變化后，就不必要重復(fù)meat的變化。簡(jiǎn)單一句：”Thesameisthecasewithmeat.”即可。或者直接計(jì)算出增加值或減少值，如：”Theamountofgraininpeople’sdiethasdecreasedby4%.However,theamountofmilkhasincreased3%andthatofmeathasincreased4%.3.強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)據(jù)間的關(guān)系，突出變化發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的變化規(guī)律，引用了典型數(shù)據(jù)，還須進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)突出這種變化，使論證更為有力。以“studentUseofComputers”為例，有學(xué)生寫到：Butin2000,studentsspendnearly20hoursperweekonthecomputer.Thisnumberwastentimesthatof1990andfivetimesthatof1995.利用倍數(shù)強(qiáng)調(diào)突出，給評(píng)卷老師留下深刻印象。4.使用主題句通常第一段的topicsentence說(shuō)明發(fā)生了某種變化。例如：Greatchangeshavebeentakingplacein(e.g.people’sdiet,studentuseofcomputers…)from1995to2000.Inrecentyears,thetimestudentsusingcomputershasincreasedgreatly.第二段topicsentence:分析變化原因Therearemanyfactorsthathavestimulatedthishugechange.Suchchangesaremainlycausedbytworeasons.第三段總結(jié)Inshort,withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandards,changesintheirdietwillbegreaterandmoreobvious.Thereissuretobealotofprobleminstudentuseofcomputer,however…2012.12writingEducationPaysNumerousindividualsarequestioningtheworthofhighereducationasthejobmarketisdepressed,yetthechartofWeeklyearningsin2010revealsaforcefulcounter-evidencethattheincomeisindirectproportiontoone’seducationalbackground.Thosewithadoctoraldegreeearnnearly3.5timesasmuchasthosewithlessthanahighschooldiploma.Asanincreasingnumberofgraduatesfinditdifficulttogetasatisfactoryjobafterstudyingformanyyears,ahotdebatearisesonwhethereducationpays.Supportersofhighereducationinsistthateducationisthetickettoasteadierandbetter-payingjobandthebasisofacomfortablelife.However,theopponentsassumethattheywouldnotstaketheirmoneyonsuchariskyinvestmentwhichdoesnotguaranteeapromisingcareer.AsfarasIamconcerned,weshouldnotstopeatingforfearofchoking.Abettereducationinmostcases,notonlymeansabetterjob,ahighersalaryandalowerunemploymentrate,butapavingstonetotheintegratedimprovementofoneself.Inabroadsense,itiseducationthatcontributestothedevelopmentandadvancementofthewholenation,whichinturnbenefitseveryindividual.Inconclusion,educationisaworthyinvestment.2、常用的描述用法

Thetable/chart/diagram/graphshows/reveals（that）

Accordingtothetable/chartdiagram/graph

As（is）showninthetable/chartdiagram/graph

Ascanbeseenfromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figures，

Itcanbeseenfromthefigures/statistics

Wecanseefromthefigures/statistics

Itisclear/apparentfromthefigures/statistics3、圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)具體表達(dá)法在某一個(gè)時(shí)間段固定不變：fixedintime在一系列的時(shí)間段中轉(zhuǎn)變：changesovertime持續(xù)變化的data在不同情況下：增加：increase/raise/rise/goup減少：decrease/growdown/drop/fall波動(dòng):rebound/wave穩(wěn)定：remainstable二、相關(guān)常用詞組1、主章開(kāi)頭圖表類型：table、chart、diagramgraph、columnchart、piegraph描述：show、describe、illustrate、canbeseenfrom、clear、apparent、reveal、represent內(nèi)容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion2、表示數(shù)據(jù)變化的單詞或者詞組rapid/rapidly迅速的，飛快的，險(xiǎn)峻的dramatic/dramatically戲劇性的，生動(dòng)的significant/significantly有意義的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply銳利的，明顯的，急劇的steep/steeply急劇升降的steady/steadily穩(wěn)固的，堅(jiān)定不移的gradual/gradually漸進(jìn)的，逐漸的slow/slowly緩慢的，不活躍的slight/slightly輕微的、略微地stable/stably穩(wěn)定的3、其它在描述中的常用到的詞

significantchanges圖中一些較大變化

noticeabletrend明顯趨勢(shì)

duringthesameperiod在同一時(shí)期

unequally不相等地

inthecaseof在……的情況下

intermsof/inrespectof/regarding在……方面

incontrast相反，大不相同

Fromthegraph,wecanseethatthenumberofcaraccidentsinWaltoncityfluctuatedduringtheyearof2007.Thefirsttwomonthsof2007showedanincreasingtrend.Therateroseto32inMarchbutfellto26inJune.FromJuneon,theratewasrisingagainandreachedthepeakpoint39inAugust.AfterAugusttheratebegantodeclineremarkably,andeventuallydroppedtothelowestpoin