Peking opera京劇英文介紹

Pekingopera京劇英文介紹第1頁/共32頁Chinahasmorethan300formsoftraditionalopera,ofwhichPeking

Operaisthemostpopular.PekingOperaevolvedfromKunquOpera,anevenmoreancientartofdramalistedbyUNESCOin2001amongthefirstgroupofworksrepresentinghumankindthroughoralhistory.PekingOpera第2頁/共32頁Beijing(Peking)OperaPekingOperadevelopedinearly19th-centuryBeijingandpresentssinging,music,chanting,dancingandmartialartsallinonestageperformance.第3頁/共32頁The“FourGreatAnhuiTroupes”四大徽班comingtoBeijingin1790usheredtheformingofBeijingOpera.ThecombinationofHuidiao（徽調),Kunqu(昆曲)andQinqiang(秦腔)graduallyformedPekingopera'smainmelodies,BriefhistoryTheBeginningPeriod第4頁/共32頁Formingperiod

Pekingoperaisgenerallyregardedashavingfullyformedby1845withthebirthofthefirstgenerationofPekingoperaperformers.Thefollowingpictureshows13famousperformersbetween1860and1890第5頁/共32頁Beijingoperareachedmaturitybetween1883and1918.ThiswaspartlybecausetheEmpressDowagerCixibecamearegularpatronofit.Inthisperiod,theleadingfiguresareTanXinpei,WangGuifenandSunJuxianwhowerecalled”ThethreepostgiantsofHousheng”.PeriodofMaturityTanXinpei----theleadingfigure第6頁/共32頁PeaktimeSince1917,anumberofexcellentperformerssuchasYangXiaolou,MeiLanfangandYuShuyanappearedandpromotedBeijingoperatoitsbest.第7頁/共32頁RoleClassificationTherolesofBeiiingOperaarestrictlyclassified.Therewerealtogethertentypesofrolesinthebeginning,whichweresheng,dan,jing,chou,mo,fu,wai,wu,za,andliu.Later,theywerereclassifiedintofourmajorroles,namelysheng(male),dan(female),jing(paintedface),chou(clown).Andeachrolewasfurtherdivided./programs/view/AQ9EFQ9lHrg/第8頁/共32頁PekingOpera'sFacialmake-up第9頁/共32頁StylesofFacialMake-upWhatappealstoforeignersmostmightbethedifferentstylesoffacialmake-up,whichisoneofthehighlightsofChineseoperaandrequiresdistinctivetechniquesofpainting.Exaggerateddesignsarepaintedoneachperformer’sfacetosymbolizeacharacter’spersonality,role,andfate.Thistechniquemayhaveoriginatedfromancientreligionsanddance.Audienceswhoarefamiliarwithoperacanknowthestorybyobservingthefacialpaintingaswellasthecostumes.第10頁/共32頁OriginPekingOpera’sfacialmake-upisbasedonlife,orrather,itisthesummarizationoflife.第11頁/共32頁Thesourcesofthefacialmake-uparethefollowings:1、Drawontheprinciplesofgeneticorigin.借鑒生活中血統(tǒng)遺傳的原理。Forinstance,ZhangPao(張苞),sonofZhangFei張飛,MengQiang孟強,sonofMengLiang孟良,theyallfollowtheirfathers’facialmake-upandthisgraduallybecameageneralpractice.2、Theyusedifferentcolorstospecifydifferentcharactersinconformitywiththerolesintheopera.3、Relyondescriptionsofthecharactersinclassicalliteraryworksorfolkstories.Forexample,thered-facedGuanYuandthedark-facedBaoGong.第12頁/共32頁ExamplesFaceofeunuch(太監(jiān)臉)Thecolorofitiseitherredorwhite.第13頁/共32頁Wryface歪臉：Lackingsymmetryisadevicetoexaggeratethewrynessanduglinessoffacialfeatureoftheaccomplicesandbullies.Yuanbao(Shoe--shapedgoldingo)facet(元寶臉):Itgotthenameasthecoloroftheforeheadandtecheekisdifferentandtheoutlinelookslikeashoed-shapedgoldingot.第14頁/共32頁Faceofimmortal:(神仙臉)CompositionofthefaceoriginatedfromthestatueoftheBuddha構圖取法佛像。Themaincolorsusedaregoldenandsilverywhichstandforholinessanddignity主要用金、銀色，或在輔色中添勾金、銀色線條和涂色塊，以示神圣威嚴。Faceofdemon:(小妖臉)Alsocalled“randomface”(隨意臉)”第15頁/共32頁Colour&itsmeaningsREDGeneralmeaning：brave、loyalandchivalrous俠義,mostlyforapositiveroles;others：ironically,sometimesitrepresentsthosewhoaregoodlookingbutactuallybadinnature.

第16頁/共32頁BlackGeneralmeaning：straightforward、braveandfortitude剛毅，fullofwisdomothers：representtheyinfromyinyang,usuallyforghosts,darkskinguysorugly-lookingpeople第17頁/共32頁WhiteGeneralMeaning:Insidiousandtreacherous,obstinate陰險奸詐

andadheretohisownjudgment;

剛愎自用Others:sometimesitalsorepresentsmonks,eunuches(太監(jiān))andagedpeople.第18頁/共32頁PurpleGeneralMeaning:uprightandunyielding;aherowhowillneverbefalteredbyneitherthreatsnorforce”.

Others:sorrowfullooking,orevenuglylookingpeople.第19頁/共32頁

todayBesidescolor,linesalsofunctionassymbols.Forexample,afigurecanbepaintedeitherallwhiteonhisface,orjustaroundthenose.Thelargerthewhiteareapainted,themoreviperoustherole.第20頁/共32頁京劇臉譜，是具有民族特色的一種特殊的化妝方法。由于每個歷史人物或某一種類型的人物都有一種大概的譜式，就像唱歌、奏樂都要按照樂譜一樣，所以稱為“臉譜”。關于臉譜的來源，一般的說法是來自假面具。

京劇臉譜，是根據某種性格、性情或某種特殊類型的人物為采用某些色彩的。紅色有臉譜表示忠勇士義烈，如關羽、姜維、常遇春，用作輔色暗示人物命運，如蔣忠、華雄、高登等；黑色的臉譜表示剛烈、正直、勇猛、粗率，甚至魯莽，如包拯、張飛、李逵、項羽、楊七郎等；黃色的臉譜表示彪悍、陰險、兇狠殘暴，如龐涓、宇文成都、典韋。藍色或綠色的臉譜表示一些剛強驍勇、粗獷、桀驁不馴的人物，如竇爾敦、馬武、程咬金、公孫勝等；白色的臉譜一般象征陰險狡詐的壞人，如曹操、嚴嵩、趙高、秦檜、司馬懿等。第21頁/共32頁Thefilm<MeiLanfang>LeonLiandZiyiZhang第22頁/共32頁LifeOverviewMéiwasbornin1894inafamilyofPekingOperaandKūnqǔperformers.Hemadehisstagedebutwhenhewas10yearsold.Inhis50-yearstagecareer,hemaintainedstrongcontinuitywhilealwaysworkingonnewtechniques.Hissmooth,perfectlytimed,poisedstylehasbeenknowninoperacirclesasthe“MéiSchool.”第23頁/共32頁GreatAchievementsIn1915,forthefirsttimeMeiusedthespotlight追光inPekingOpera.In1923,Meiwasinspiredtoadderhutothea