2019年英語新外研必修五講義Module1SectionⅠIntroduction-Reading---Pre-reading

AlthoughpeoplestilltalkaboutdifferenttypesofEnglish—AmericanEnglish,AustralianEnglish,andIndianEnglish—itisinterestingtonoticehowclosetheyaretoeachothernowadays.Anynativespeakerreadingorlisteningtoanother“type”ofEnglishwillunderstandalmosteveryword.However,largelybecauseofglobalcommunication,cinema,televisionandespeciallytheInternet,differenttypesofEnglishhaveinfluencedeachotheralotrecently.Thisiscominginoneside—fromtheUStoBritain—andithaschangedourdailylanguagesomuch.TeensandyoungadultsinBritainuseAmericanvocabularythathascrossedtheAtlanticallthetime—thingsthatyoungspeakerslikealotaredescribedascoolorawesome,and,asawaytorefusetodosomethingimpossible,weoftenhearthephraseNoway!Iwasfortunateenoughtoworkonavocabularyresearchproject,whichiscalledtheEnglishVocabularyProfile.Whatdidwefindout?TherearesomewordsthatarestillBritishorAmerican.Britishpeoplehavebiscuitswiththeircupofteaorcoffee,butAmericanshavecookies.WealsohavecookiesinBritain,buttheyareacertaintypeofbiscuits,suchaschocolatechipcookies,wheretheoriginalrecipeisAmerican.Americanswhoarewearingpantsdefinitelyhavetheirlegscovered,butifaBritishpersonisdressedonlyinpants,theyareintheirunderwear!Phrasalverbs(verbswithtwoormorewordslike“takeoff”or“l(fā)iveupto”)areanotherareaofdifference,andthereareslightlyfeweroftheminAmericanEnglish.WhenBritishandAmericanspeakers,forexample,talkofarelationshipbreakingup,Americanswillnotusethisphrasalverbtomean“finishingaschoolterm”aswedoinBritain.Overall,the10mostcommonwords(the,of,to,and,a,in,that,is,forandI)arethesameinbothcountries,andthevastmajorityofthe5,000mostcommonwordsintheUKarealsointheUSA'stop5,000.Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre-readingeq\a\vs4\al([原文呈現(xiàn)])Words,words,wordsBritishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentin①manyways.Thefirstandmostobvious②wayisinthevocabulary.TherearehundredsofdifferentwordswhicharenotusedontheothersideoftheAtlantic,orwhichareusedwithadifferentmeaning③.Someofthesewordsarewellknown—Americansdriveautomobilesdown④freewaysandfillupwith⑤gas;theBritishdrivecarsalongmotorways⑥andfillupwithpetrol⑦.Asatourist,youwillneedtousetheunderground⑧inLondonorthesubway⑨inNewYork,ormaybeyouwillpreferto⑩getaround?thetownbytaxi(British)orcab(American)．eq\a\vs4\al([讀文清障])①bedifferentin在……方面不同bedifferentfrom與……不一樣②obvious/'?bvi?s/adj.顯然的，顯而易見的③which引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)定語從句，均修飾words。④drive...down...沿……駕駛……；相當(dāng)于drive...along...⑤fillup(with)(用……)裝滿，填滿⑥motorway/'m??t??weI/n.(英)高速公路⑦petroln．(英)汽油，gasn．(美)汽油⑧underground/'?nd??ɡra?nd/n.(英)地鐵⑨subway/'s?b?weI/n.(美)地鐵⑩prefertodo...更愿意/喜歡做……prefer...to...意為“喜歡……勝過……”。其中to為介詞。?getaround四處走動(dòng)(旅行)[第1段譯文]詞，詞，詞英式英語和美式英語在很多方面是不同的。首先最明顯的是在詞匯方面。有數(shù)以百計(jì)的不同的詞在大西洋彼岸不被使用，或者以一種不同的意思被使用著。其中一些單詞是人們所熟知的——美國人在freeways上駕駛的是automobiles，給車加gas；英國人在motorways上駕駛的是cars，給車加petrol。作為游客，你在倫敦要乘坐的地鐵叫underground，而在紐約則叫subway，或者你更愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游覽城市。ChipsorFrenchfries?Butotherwordsandexpressionsarenotsowellknown.Americansuseaflashlight?，while?fortheBritish,it'satorch.TheBritishqueue?up;Americansstandinline?.Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightly?differentmeaning,which?canbeconfusing?.Chips,forexample?，arepiecesofhotfriedpotatoinBritain;intheStateschipsareverythinandaresoldinpackets.TheBritishcallthesecrisps.ThechipstheBritishknowandloveareFrenchfriesontheothersideoftheAtlantic.?flashlight/'fl???laIt/n.(美)手電筒；火把?while為并列連詞，意為“而，然而”，此處表示前后兩種情況的對(duì)比。?queue/kju?/vi.(英)排隊(duì)(等候)queueup(for...)排隊(duì)(等候……)?standinline排隊(duì)等候?slightlyadv.略微，稍微，此處修飾different。?which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。?confusing/k?n'fju?zI?/adj.令人困惑的；難懂的?forexample例如常作插入語，可位于句首、句中或句末。[第2段譯文]Chips還是Frenchfries?但是其他詞和表達(dá)方式卻沒有這么廣泛地為人所知。美國人把手電筒稱為flashlight，而英國人則叫它torch?！芭抨?duì)”在英式英語中用queueup，而在美式英語中用standinline。有時(shí)候同一個(gè)單詞的含義有微小的差別，這讓人很困惑。例如，chips在英國是指熱的炸薯?xiàng)l，在美國卻指非常薄而且裝在紙袋里出售的薯片——英國人把這種東西稱為crisps。英國人熟悉而且喜歡的薯?xiàng)l在大西洋彼岸被稱為Frenchfries。Haveorhavegot?Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar,too.TheBritishsayHaveyougot...?whileAmericanspreferDoyouhave...?AnAmericanmightsayMyfriendjustarrived,butaBritishpersonwouldsayMyfriendhasjustarrived.Prepositions?，too,canbedifferent:compareeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))ontheteameq\o(○,\s\up1(22))，ontheweekendeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))(American)withintheteam,attheweekend(British).TheBritishuseprepositionswhereeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))Americanssometimesomiteq\o(○,\s\up1(25))them(I'llseeyouMonday;Writemesoon！)．?preposition/?prep?'zI?n/n.介詞eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))compare/k?m'pe?/vt.比較compare...with...把……與……相比該結(jié)構(gòu)常用其非謂語形式comparedwith作狀語，此時(shí)可與comparedto互換。compare...to...把……與……相比；把……比作……eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))ontheteam(美)是隊(duì)里的一員intheteam(英)是隊(duì)里的一員eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))ontheweekend(美)在周末attheweekend(英)在周末eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))omit/??'mIt/vt.省略[第3段譯文]Have還是havegot?在語法上，英式英語和美式英語也有一些區(qū)別。英國人說“Haveyougot...？”，而美國人更喜歡說“Doyouhave...？”，美國人可能會(huì)說“Myfriendjustarrived”，但是英國人會(huì)說“Myfriendhasjustarrived”。介詞的用法也有所不同：比較一下ontheteam,ontheweekend(美式)和intheteam,attheweekend(英式)。英國人用介詞的地方美國人有時(shí)候會(huì)省略(I'llseeyouMonday;Writemesoon！)。Colourorcolor?Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietieseq\o(○,\s\up1(26))differeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))arespellingandpronunciationeq\o(○,\s\up1(28)).Americanspellingseemseq\o(○,\s\up1(29))simpler:center,colorandprograminsteadofeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))centre,colourandprogramme.Manyfactorshaveinfluencedeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))Americanpronunciationsincethefirstsettlerseq\o(○,\s\up1(32))arrivedfourhundredyearsago.Theaccent,whichismostsimilartoeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))BritishEnglisheq\o(○,\s\up1(34))，canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))thattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.Butaretheyreallysoimportant?Afterall,thereisprobablyasmuchvariationeq\o(○,\s\up1(36))ofpronunciationwithinthetwocountriesasbetweenthem.ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))aScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))variety/v?'raI?ti/n.種類avarietyof/varietiesof各種各樣的eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))differ/'dIf?/vi.不同，有區(qū)別differ常與介詞from,in連用。eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))“in＋關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞areas，其中differin中的介詞前移了。eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))seem看來，似乎(作連系動(dòng)詞)seem后常與動(dòng)詞不定式todo或形容詞連用，或構(gòu)成固定句式Itseemsthat...。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))insteadof代替，而不是insteadadv.相反；而，卻eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))influencevt.&n．影響haveaninfluenceon對(duì)……有影響eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))settler/'setl?/n.移民；定居者eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))besimilarto與……相似besimilarin在……方面相似eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代theaccent。eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))remark/rI'mɑ?k/n.評(píng)論；講話eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))variation/?ve?rI'eI?n/n.變化eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難[第4段譯文]Colour還是color?這兩種英語的另外兩個(gè)方面的區(qū)別是拼寫和發(fā)音。美式英語的拼寫看上去更簡單一些：center,color和program是美式拼法，而centre,colour和programme是英式拼法。自從400年前第一批移民到來，有很多因素影響了美式英語的發(fā)音。在美國東海岸能聽到與英式英語非常相似的口音。當(dāng)愛爾蘭作家喬治·蕭伯納說“英國和美國是被同一種語言分開的兩個(gè)民族”這句名言的時(shí)候，他顯然想到了它們的區(qū)別。但是這些區(qū)別真的如此重要嗎？畢竟，兩個(gè)國家境內(nèi)的口音差別可能跟兩國之間的口音差別一樣多。倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說話比聽懂紐約人說話更難。TurnontheTVSomeexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.FormorethanacenturycommunicationsacrosstheAtlantichavedevelopedsteadilyeq\o(○,\s\up1(38)).Sincethe1980s,withsatelliteeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))TVandtheInternet,ithasbeenpossibletolistentoBritishandAmericanEnglisheq\o(○,\s\up1(40))attheflickeq\o(○,\s\up1(41))ofaswitcheq\o(○,\s\up1(42)).Thisnon-stopcommunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeq\o(○,\s\up1(43))eachother.Butithasalsoledtoeq\o(○,\s\up1(44))lotsofAmericanwordsandstructureseq\o(○,\s\up1(45))passingintoBritishEnglish,eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappeareq\o(○,\s\up1(47)).However,ifyouturnoneq\o(○,\s\up1(48))CNN,theAmericanTVnetwork,youfindnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakingwithdifferentaccentseq\o(○,\s\up1(49))—American,British,Australian,andevenSpanish.Oneofthebest-knownfaces,MonitaRajpal,wasborninHongKong,China,andgrewupSpeakingChineseandPunjabieq\o(○,\s\up1(50))，aswellasEnglish.Thisinternationaldimensionsuggestseq\o(○,\s\up1(51))thatinthefuture,therearegoingtobemany“Englishes”，notjusttwomainvarieties.Butthemessageis“Don'tworry.”UsersofEnglishwillallbeabletoeq\o(○,\s\up1(52))understandeachother—wherevertheyareeq\o(○,\s\up1(53)).eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))steadily/'stedIli/adv.不斷地；持續(xù)地eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))satellite/'s?t??laIt/n.衛(wèi)星eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))畫線部分為“it＋be＋adj.＋todo...”結(jié)構(gòu)，it為形式主語，而真正的主語為后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))flick/flIk/n.輕打；輕彈；抖動(dòng)attheflickof輕輕一按/彈……eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))switch/swIt?/n.開關(guān)switch還可以作動(dòng)詞，常與off和on連用。eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))makeit＋adj./n.(forsb.)todo...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。it為形式賓語，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式為真正的賓語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))leadto引起；導(dǎo)致其中to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))structure/'str?kt??/n.結(jié)構(gòu)；體系eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))畫線部分為結(jié)果狀語從句，sothat意為“以至于”。該狀語從句中又包含了believe的賓語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))disappearvi.消失eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))turnon打開switchon(用開關(guān))打開eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))findsth./sb.doing...“發(fā)現(xiàn)某物/某人在做……”為“find＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))suggestv．暗示，表明eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))beableto能夠……eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhere。[第5～7段譯文]打開電視機(jī)一些專家相信這兩種語言變體正在越來越接近。一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來，大西洋兩岸的交流穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。自從20世紀(jì)80年代以來，隨著衛(wèi)星電視和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用，輕輕一按開關(guān)就能聽到英式英語和美式英語已經(jīng)成為可能。專家們認(rèn)為，這種不間斷的交流已使得英國人和美國人相互理解起來更加容易。但這也導(dǎo)致了大量美式英語單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)入英式英語，以至于現(xiàn)在有一些人認(rèn)為英式英語將會(huì)消失。然而，如果你打開美國電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)目CNN，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新聞播報(bào)員和天氣預(yù)報(bào)員都操著不同的口音——美國的、英國的、澳大利亞的，甚至西班牙的。其中最熟悉的面孔之一——出生于中國香港的慕妮塔·讓治派，從小到大說的是漢語、一種印度土語和英語。這種國際程度表明，在未來將有很多種“英語”，而不僅僅是主要的兩種。但其實(shí)大家不用擔(dān)心。無論在哪里，英語使用者們都能彼此理解。Pre-readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．a(chǎn)ccentA．a(chǎn)personwhogoestoliveinanewcountryorregion2．obviousB．differentsortsofthesamething3．queueC．easytoseeorunderstand4．compareD．difficulttounderstand,notclear5．confusingE．toexamineandnotethesimilaritiesordifferencesofpeopleorthings6．omitF．towaitinalineofpeopleorvehicles,etc.inordertodosth.7．varietyG．somethingthatyousayorwritewhichexpressesanopinion,athought,etc.aboutsb./sth.8．differH．national,localwayofpronouncingwords9．remarkI．tobedifferentfromsb./sth.10．settlerJ．tonotincludesth./sb.eitherdeliberatelyorbecauseyouhaveforgottenit/them1～5________6～10________答案：1～5HCFED6～10JBIGALead-inWehavelearntEnglishforalongtime.DoyouknowinwhichcountriespeoplespeakEnglish？Thefollowingpicturescanhelpyou.A：EnglandB：AmericaC：CanadaD：AustraliaE：New_ZealandF：South_AfricaWhile-readingFast-reading1．Firstreadthetitleofthepassageandthesubheadings(小標(biāo)題)ofeachparagraph,andthenskim(瀏覽)thefirstorthefirsttwosentencesofeachparagraph,andthentellusthemainideaofthepassage.Thepassageismainlyaboutthe_differences_between_British_English_and_American_English.2．Matchthefollowingparagraphswiththeirmainideas.(1)Paras.1～2A．Someexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.UsersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother—wherevertheyare.(2)Para.3B．Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.Buttherearesomewordsandexpressionsnotsowellknown.(3)Para.4(4)Paras.5～7D．Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar.(1)～(4)__________答案：(1)～(4)BDCACareful-readingChoosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．WhichofthefollowingwordscomesfromAmericanEnglish?A．Programme.B．Centre.C．Gas.D．Underground.2．WhydosomeexpertssaythetwovarietiesofEnglisharemovingcloser?A．Becausethepeopleofthetwocountriesaremovingtogether.B．Becausethecommunicationsbetweenthetwocountrieshavedevelopedsteadilyforover100years.C．BecausemanyAmericanwordsandstructureshavepassedintoBritishEnglish.D．BecausepeoplefromthetwocountriescanlistentoBritishandAmericanEnglishonTV.3．What'sthemainideaofthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Inthefuture,thereareonlytwovarietiesofEnglish.B．NewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakAmericanEnglish.C．Inthefuture,itwillbedifficultforusersofEnglishtounderstandeachother.D．TherewillbemorethantwovarietiesofEnglishinthefuture.4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTrightaccordingtothelastpart“TurnontheTV”？A．TelevisionandtheInternethavemadeiteasierfortheBritishandAmericanstounderstandeachother.B．AlargenumberofpeoplebelieveBritishEnglishwilldisappear.C．InfactnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakwithdifferentaccentsinCNNprogrammes.D．Peopleusingdifferent“Englishes”inthefuturecanstillunderstandeachotherwell.5．Fromthepassagewecaninfer________.A．moreandmorewordshavedifferentmeaningsbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglishB．BritishEnglishturnspopularwithmorepeopleallovertheworldC．a(chǎn)nnouncersintheUnitedStatesarerequiredtohavestandardpronunciationD．BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishhavehadaninfluenceoneachother答案：1～5CBDBDStudy-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]當(dāng)愛爾蘭作家喬治·蕭伯納說“英國和美國是被同一種語言分開的兩個(gè)民族”這句名言的時(shí)候，他顯然想到了它們的區(qū)別。2．Thisnon-stopcommunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.[句式分析]madeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother屬于“makeit＋adj./n.＋forsb./sth.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式短語，形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，for用于引出不定式的邏輯主語。句子的主語是thisnon-stopcommunication,theexpertsthink作插入語。[嘗試翻譯]專家們認(rèn)為，這種不間斷的交流已使得英國人和美國人相互理解起來更加容易。3．However,ifyouturnonCNN,theAmericanTVnetwork,youfindnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakingwithdifferentaccents—American,British,Australian,andevenSpanish.[句式分析]本句為主從復(fù)合句，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，從句中theAmericanTVnetwork為CNN的同位語；主句中破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容為differentaccents的同位語。youfindnewsreaders...evenSpanish為主句，其中含有find的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，allspeakingwithdifferentaccents為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。[嘗試翻譯]然而，如果你打開美國電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)目CNN，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新聞播報(bào)員和天氣預(yù)報(bào)員都操著不同的口音——美國的、英國的、澳大利亞的，甚至西班牙的。Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATherearesomedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.Somedifferencesarequiteinteresting.WhenmyfriendLilyfromLondonusedtheword“l(fā)arder”，Ididn'tknowwhatitmeant.RealizingIdidn'tfollowher,sheusedanotherword.Ifinallyknewshewantedtofindsomethingtokeepsomefood.Thenextwordcameupwhenwewereplanningalunchdate.Shejotted_downthedateandtimeinherdiary,whileImarkedmycalendar.Ifshecalledmeonthephone,shewouldringmeup.Butifthelinewasbusy,shewouldsaythelinewasengaged.Mosttimes,IcanknowwhatLilymeans.Lastweek,sheregrettedsendingherboystowatchanearlymorningtennisgamewithouttheirfleeces.Ithoughtthatshemeantwithouttheirjacketsorsomethinglikethose.Othertimes,wehavetoaskeachother.Sherecentlytoldmeafunnytaleaboutawomanwhowaspissed.Iwonderedwhathadmadetheladyangry.Itturnsoutthatpissedmeansdrunk.Hereisonemoreexample.MyBritishfriendJanewasfillingoutaticketatthegrocerystorerecently.Sheaskedtheyoungmanifhehadarubber.Whenshenoticedhedidn'tfollowher,shequicklyaskedforaneraser,which,inEngland,isoftencalledarubber.InordertocommunicatewellwiththeBritish,weAmericansshouldlearnsomewordsthattheBritishusedifferently.AndIthinkpeoplewholearnEnglishasasecondlanguageshouldalsorealizethattherearedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.語篇解讀：作者通過生活中的一些例子告訴我們英式英語和美式英語中一些詞在使用上的差異。1．WhenLilyusedtheword“l(fā)arder”，shewasprobablylookingfora________.A．cupB．ladderC．cupboardD．cooker解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ifinallyknewshewantedtofindsomethingtokeepsomefood.”可知，莉莉在尋找一個(gè)“櫥柜”。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“jotteddown”inParagraph2mean?A．Wrotedown.B．Leftbehind.C．Lookedfor.D．Settleddown.解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“inherdiary”以及“whileImarkedmycalendar”可知，莉莉把日期和時(shí)間記在了日記本上。writedown“記下，寫下”。3．Lastweek,Lilyregrettedsendingherboystowatchatennisgamemainlybecause________.A．shethoughtthegamewasboringB．shewantedtospendtimewithherboysC．shedidn'tdressherboysinthickclothesD．herboysgotlost解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“anearlymorningtennisgame”和“Ithoughtthatshemeantwithouttheirjacketsorsomethinglikethose.”可推斷，莉莉后悔送她的孩子們?nèi)タ淳W(wǎng)球比賽是因?yàn)樗龥]給孩子們穿厚一點(diǎn)的衣服。4．Accordingtothepassage,inBritishEnglish________.A．theword“pissed”means“angry”B．theword“jacket”isoftenusedC．theword“engaged”means“tired”D．theword“rubber”means“eraser”解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“shequicklyaskedforaneraser,which,inEngland,isoftencalledarubber”可知，選D。BBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharealmostthesame.ButthereareslightdifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishinvocabulary,pronunciation,spellingandgrammar.ThefirstdifferencebetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishisinvocabulary.AlmostallofthewordsusedinBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishareexactlythesame.Onlyaverysmallnumberofwordsareuseddisparately.Forexample,Americanswouldsay“apartment”，buttheBritishwouldsay“flat”totalkabouttheplacewheretheylive.Inadditiontosomecommonwords,manyidiomatic(慣用的)expressionsaredifferent.InEnglandpeoplemightsay“I'llringyouuptonight”，butintheUS,peoplemightsay“I'llcallyouuptonight”．TheseconddifferencebetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishisinpronunciation.Themaindifferenceinpronunciationconcernsthevowels(元音).SomeAmericandialectsandsomeBritishdialectsusevowelsindifferentways.Sometimes,AmericansandtheBritishdon'tunderstandeachother'spronunciation.Butmostofthetime,theBritishandAmericansdounderstandeachother'spronunciationbecausemostofthesoundsofthetwodialectsarethesame.Thethirddifferenceisverysmall.Thisisthedifferenceinspelling.AfewtypesofwordsarespelleddifferentlyinBritishandAmericanEnglish.Themostcommonexampleisinawordlike“center”.InBritishEnglish,thiswordwouldbespelledC-E-N-T-R-E,whileinAmericanEnglishthesamewordwouldbespelledC-E-N-T-E-R.Anotherexampleis“or”vs“our”.Theword“color”isspelledC-O-L-O-U-RinBritainbutC-O-L-O-RintheUS.Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar,too.TheBritishmaysay“Haveyougot...？”whileAmericansprefer“Doyouhave...？”AnAmericanmightsay“myfriendjustarrived”，butaBritishwouldsay“myfriendhasjustarrived”.Sometimesfunctionwordsareuseddifferently:theBritishmaysay“attheweekend”，butAmericanswouldsay“ontheweekend”．語篇解讀：本文是一篇關(guān)于英式英語和美式英語差異的文章。5．Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A．ThedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.B．DifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.C．TheinfluencesofBritishEnglishonAmericanEnglish.D．ThecausesofthedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.解析：選B主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知文章是關(guān)于英式英語和美式英語差異的。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disparately”inParagraph2mean?A．Frequently.B．Regularly.C．Eventually.D．Differently.解析：選D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)該詞前面的“AlmostallofthewordsusedinBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishareexactlythesame.Onlyaverysmallnumberofwordsareuseddisparately.”可知disparately應(yīng)該與same意思相反。7.AccordingtoParagraph3,AmericansandtheBritishmayfindithardtounderstandeachotherbecauseof________.A．thedifferentwaysofusingvowelsB．thedifferentidiomaticexpressionstheyuseC．thedifferencesingrammarD．thedifferencesinspelling解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Themaindifferenceinpronunciationconcernsthevowels(元音)．”可知答案為A。8．WhichofthefollowingwordsprobablybelongtotheAmericanEnglishvocabulary?a．flavourb．theaterc．humord．centree．kilometerf．honourg．colorA．a(chǎn),b,c,eB．b,c,d,eC．b,c,e,gD．d,e,f,g解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段關(guān)于拼寫的差異，可知是C。CAmericanEnglishbeganinthe17thcentury.Atthebeginningofthe17thcentury,theEnglishlanguagewasbroughttoNorthAmericabycolonists(殖民者)fromEngland.TheyusedthelanguagespokeninEngland,thatis,ElizabethanEnglish,thelanguageusedbyShakespeare.InordertoexploitnewresourcesinAmerica,Britishcolonistssettleddownthereandfrom1607to1732setupthirteencolonies,includingVirginia,NorthCarolina,Georgia,Pennsylvania,NewYork,NewJerseyandConnecticut.Inthesethirteenareas,Englishwasacommonlanguageusedbyallpeople.ThefirstcolonistsestablishedtheEnglishforminAmerica.TheycontinuedtospeakastheyhaddoneinEngland.Astimewentby,theEnglishlanguagegraduallychangedonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.Foreignerslongingforwealthsetfootonthecoastalareatotrade.TheAmericansadoptedmanywordsfromforeignlanguagesandinventednumerousnewwordstomeettheircommercial(貿(mào)易的)needs.FollowingAmericanIndependence,famouspeoplelikeThomasJefferson,thepresident,begantoconsiderthatthecountryshouldhavealanguageofitsown.NoahWebstercompiled(編纂)threeelementarybooksonEnglish.Later,heexpressedtheideathatasanindependentnation,Americashouldhaveasystemofitsowninlanguageaswellasingovernment.Afterthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,manygreatwriterssuchasMarkTwainhelpedthedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.EnglishinAmericahasdevelopedacharacterofitsown,reflectingthelifeandthephysicalandsocialenvironmentoftheAmericanpeople.SincetheriseoftheUnitedStatestoapositionofworldimportance,AmericanEnglishhasbeendevelopingandchanging.ThereisnodoubtthatAmericanEnglishwillenrichtheEnglishlanguagegreatly.Withtherapiddevelopmentofmodernmassmediaandthecommonneedsofeconomic,culturalandpoliticalexchanges,AmericanEnglishwillbemorewidelyusedintheworldthanBritishEnglish.語篇解讀：本文簡要介紹了美式英語的發(fā)展史，并預(yù)測了其在世界上的影響力將越來越深遠(yuǎn)。9．WhatcanyouinferfromParagraph3?A．PeoplefromtheseasideweremorewillingtolearnEnglish.B．TheEnglishlanguagechangedasaresultofinnercultureshock.C．NewwordsoccurredinAmericanEnglishasaresultoflocalinvention.D．InternationalbusinessandtradecontributedtothedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Foreignerslongingforwealthsetfootonthecoastalareatotrade.TheAmericansadoptedmanywordsfromforeignlanguagesandinventednumerousnewwordstomeettheircommercialneeds.”可知，因?yàn)閲H貿(mào)易的交往，美式英語從他國語言中進(jìn)行了大量借鑒，由此可以推斷出國際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)了美式英語的發(fā)展。10．WhatdoweknowaboutAmericanEnglish?A．Itcameintobein