2019年英語(yǔ)新外研選修七講義Module6SectionⅢGrammar-虛擬語(yǔ)氣和狀語(yǔ)從句

SectionⅢGrammar—虛擬語(yǔ)氣和狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)①Theyhaverecommendedthatthesitebeclosedandrepaired.②Theyhavesuggestedthatthegeneralpublicbeencouragedtohelpwiththeproblem.③AprofessorattheAcademyhasproposedthatafundbeestablishedtoraisemoney.④MaryspeaksasifshewereChinese.⑤It'shightimethatweshouldhave/hadarest.⑥Aslongasyou'vegotaraincoat,you'llbeOK.⑦Juststaywhereyouareanddon'tmove.⑧Heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomings.⑨Whateverhappens,you'regoingtohaveamarveloustime.⑩Thelittlechildeatswhateverwegivehim.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)](1)以上句中，①～⑤句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。①、②、③從句中用should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。(2)⑥～⑧句中黑體部分分別引導(dǎo)條件、地點(diǎn)、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。(3)由⑧句可知，as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。(4)⑨句中黑體部分引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，⑩句中引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中，?？杀硎疽蟆⒔ㄗh、命令、提議、意愿等，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣往往是由“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。1．賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)一般用法在表示命令、建議、勸告、欲望、要求、主張這一類動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。這類動(dòng)詞有suggest(建議),insist(堅(jiān)持要求),demand,request,desire,order,advise,propose,command,recommend等。Shesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.她建議我們第二天早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。Thedoctorinsistedthepatient(should)besenttohospitalimmediately.醫(yī)生堅(jiān)決要求這個(gè)病人立刻被送往醫(yī)院。Thebossrequestedthatthesecretary(should)typeouttheplaninfiveminutes.老板要求秘書(shū)在五分鐘內(nèi)把計(jì)劃打印出來(lái)。Theworkerrecommendedthatthemachine(should)becheckedonceaweek.工人建議這臺(tái)機(jī)器應(yīng)該一周檢查一次。[名師點(diǎn)津]①當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”之意時(shí)，suggest/insist后的賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。②表示“堅(jiān)持”“命令”“建議”“要求”等的名詞后面接同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)用should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。(2)wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要有三種形式：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(虛擬過(guò)去：從句謂語(yǔ)用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”,虛擬現(xiàn)在：從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞通常用were,虛擬將來(lái)：從句謂語(yǔ)形式為“would/could/should/might,＋動(dòng)詞原形”))Wewishwehadstudiedmorehardwhenatschool.我們上學(xué)時(shí)能學(xué)習(xí)再努力一點(diǎn)就好了。IwishIweretaller.我的個(gè)子要是再高一點(diǎn)兒就好了。IwishIcouldfly.我要是能飛就好了。Iwishhewouldtryagain.我希望他能再試一次。(3)wouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句謂語(yǔ)主要有兩種形式：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(虛擬現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)：didbe動(dòng)詞一般用were,虛擬過(guò)去：haddone))Iwouldratheryoucametoseemetomorrow.我寧愿你明天來(lái)看我。Iwouldratheryouhadn'ttoldmethefact.我寧愿你沒(méi)有告訴我實(shí)情。[即時(shí)演練1](1)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Theywishthatpriceswoulddecline(decline)．②Heorderedthatthestudents(should)wash(wash)theclotheseveryweekbythemselves.③I'dratheryoudidn'tmake(not,make)anycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.④(陜西高考改編)Mymomsuggeststhatwe(should)eat(eat)outforachangethisweekend.(2)完成句子①HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)我看過(guò)他的信。②HeinsistedthatI(should)seethefilm.他堅(jiān)持要我看看那部電影。③Hesuggestedthatwe(should)stayfordinner.他建議我們留下吃飯。④Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasacheat.他說(shuō)的話表明他是一個(gè)騙子。2．主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)在Itis/wassuggested(requested,required,ordered,proposed,decided,etc.)that...句型中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)為“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。Itisrequiredthatthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.學(xué)校要求學(xué)生在學(xué)校必須穿校服。Itissuggestedthatparents(should)spendmoretimewiththeirchildren.人們建議父母應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間和孩子在一起。(2)Itis/wasimportant/necessary/natural/strange/apity/nowonder...＋thatsb.shoulddo...Itisapitythatheshouldfailtopassthedrivingtest.真遺憾他竟然沒(méi)有通過(guò)駕駛測(cè)試。Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.我們有必要事先做好準(zhǔn)備。Itisimportantthateverypupil(should)beabletounderstandtherulesofschool.重要的是學(xué)生都能了解校規(guī)。[即時(shí)演練2](1)完成句子①I(mǎi)tisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.要求任何人不要在此抽煙。②Itisimportantthatenoughmoney(should)becollectedtofundtheproject.重要的是募集足夠的錢(qián)，為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供資金。③It'ssuggestedthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.有人建議我們應(yīng)該照顧好病人。(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換①I(mǎi)tisimportantforteenagerstolearnskills.→Itisimportantthatteenagersshouldlearnskills.②Peoplerequiredthattheearthshouldbeprotectedwell.→Itisrequiredthattheearthshouldbeprotectedwell.3．表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣基本結(jié)構(gòu)：(表示建議、提議、命令、要求等的)名詞＋be＋that＋主語(yǔ)＋(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形Thedoctor'sadvicewasthatyou(should)giveupsmoking.醫(yī)生的建議是你應(yīng)該戒煙。4．同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣基本結(jié)構(gòu)：(表示建議、提議、命令、要求等的)名詞＋that＋主語(yǔ)＋(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形Theyoungmanfollowedhisdoctor'sadvicethathe(should)giveupdrinking.那個(gè)年輕人接受了醫(yī)生讓他戒酒的建議。[名師點(diǎn)津]表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令、建議等的名詞有advice,desire,order,proposal,recommendation,request,plan,idea,requirement,suggestion,demand等。[即時(shí)演練3](1)完成句子①Hisorderisthattheproblem(should)besolvedatonce(問(wèn)題應(yīng)馬上解決)．②Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)holdameetingtonight(今晚我們應(yīng)該開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì))．③Wefollowedhisadvicethatwe(should)askourteacherforhelp(我們應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求老師幫忙)．④Hisdemandisthatwe(should)doourworkmorecarefully(我們做工作應(yīng)該更細(xì)心些)．(2)單句改錯(cuò)①HisfathergaveanorderthathekeepsadiaryinEnglisheveryday.keeps→keep②Imadeasuggestionthathewillputanadvertisementinthelocalpaper.will→should或去掉will③Ourdesireisthatthematchwillbeputoff.will→should或去掉will④Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerialmustbeheatedtoitsburningtemperature.must→should或去掉must5．在asif/though引導(dǎo)的從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句用過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的假設(shè)Itseemsasifitwerespring.現(xiàn)在好像是春天似的。Sheappearedasifshehadknownnothingaboutit.她看上去對(duì)此一無(wú)所知。6．It's(high)time...句式中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在Itis(high)time...句式中，time后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”。Itistimewedid/shoulddosomethingforourcountry.到了我們?cè)摓閲?guó)家做些事情的時(shí)候了。Itishightimeyoucleaned/shouldcleantheclassroom.到了你該打掃教室的時(shí)候了。[即時(shí)演練4]用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Theytalkedaboutthecityasthoughtheyhadbeen(be)therebefore.②Johnpretendsasifhedidn'tknow(not,know)thethingatall.③It'shightimethatwegot/shouldget(get)downtoourwork.④Thattreelooksasifitwasn'twatered(not,water)foralongtime.⑤It'stimethatpeoplepaid/shouldpay(pay)attentiontotheenvironment.⑥(遼寧高考改編)Jackisagreattalker.It'shightimethathedid/shoulddosomethinginsteadofjusttalking.二、狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)的從句，本單元主要講的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。1．地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句可置于句首、句中或句尾，常用where,wherever等引導(dǎo)。Wherethereisnorain,farmingisdifficultorimpossible.在沒(méi)有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的，或根本是不可能的。Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.你可以隨意到你喜歡的任何地方去。[名師點(diǎn)津]where表示特指的某個(gè)地方；wherever表示泛指任何地方。[即時(shí)演練5]選詞填空(where,wherever)/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Hemustgowhereverwesendhim.②Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.③(重慶高考改編)Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn'tgetataxiwherethebushaddroppedher.④Wemustcampintheplace,wherewecangetwater.→Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.2．條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句可置于句首或句尾，常用if,unless,as/solongas,incase,onconditionthat等引導(dǎo)。Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillgohiking.如果明天不下雨，我們就去遠(yuǎn)足。Iwillnotgotothepartyunlesshegoesthere,too.除非他也去，否則，我也不會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)的。Youcangoouttoplayaslongasyoustayinthebackyard.只要不出后院，你就可以出去玩。Incaseyouneedsomething,pleasedon'thesitatetoletmeknow.如果你需要什么東西，請(qǐng)告訴我，別客氣。[即時(shí)演練6]連詞填空①Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon'tgotoofarawayfromtheriverbank.②Youmayborrowthebookso/aslongasyoukeepitclean.③(湖南高考改編)Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefullydevotedtoyourwork.④Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.3．讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞有though,while(一般位于句首)，although,evenif/eventhough,as,nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞等。Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,eventhoughhe'sinhisnineties.(2016·北京高考)我爺爺盡管已經(jīng)九十多歲了，仍然不時(shí)地打打網(wǎng)球。Althoughbirdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.(2017·北京高考)雖然鳥(niǎo)類用羽毛飛行，但是它們的一些羽毛也有其他用途。Nomatterhow(＝However)difficultitis,Iwillovercomeit.無(wú)論它多么難，我都會(huì)克服它。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句需倒裝，將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或部分謂語(yǔ)提前；表語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，其前不帶冠詞；though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可倒裝，也可不倒裝。(2)nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；疑問(wèn)詞＋ever既可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，又可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。[即時(shí)演練7](1)連詞填空①However/Nomatterhowpurethewaterlooks,Idonotwanttodrinkit.②Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it'strue.③Although/Thoughhewasexhausted,hekeptonworking.④Objectas/thoughyoumay,I'llgo.⑤Wewon'tbediscouragedevenif/thoughwefailtentimes.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Thoughsheisapopstar,shestillneedstoimprove.→Popstaras/thoughsheis,shestillneedstoimprove.②Whateveryousay,I'llneverchangemymind.→Nomatterwhatyousay,I'llneverchangemymind.③Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.→Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theymadeanrequirementthatwe(should)accompany(accompany)themonthetrip.2．Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhefocused(focus)moreonitsculture.3．It'simportantthathe(should)ask(ask)adviceofotherpeopleabouthiswork.4．Onecanalwaysmanagetodomorethings,nomatterhowfullone'sscheduleisinlife.5．Although/Thoughlifeisfullofupsanddowns,wherethereislife,thereishope.6．Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.7．Hotasthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.8．Unlesswehaveenoughevidence,wecan'twinthecase.9．Youcanborrowmycaras/solongasyoupromisenottodrivetoofast.10．Itishightimewestudied/shouldstudy(study)harder.Ⅱ.完成句子1．WhereverIam,Iwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都會(huì)想到你。2．Let'sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.如果你不太累，我們出去散散步。3．Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.雖然是個(gè)小孩，該做什么不做什么，他全知道。4．Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itisreallytrue.信不信由你，這確實(shí)是真的。5．Whateverhappened,hewouldnotm