2019年英語新譯林必修三（江蘇專用）講義Unit1SectionⅤProject

Section_ⅤProject[原文呈現(xiàn)][讀文清障]Shark①attacksTherearenearly400differenttypesofsharks,butonlyabout30typesareknownto②haveattacked③humanbeings④.Manypeopleknowthatthemostdangeroussharkisthegreatwhiteshark,probably⑤becausetheyhaveseenthefilmJaws⑥.However⑦，twoother⑧sharksarealsoratherdangerous:thetigersharkandthebull⑨shark.Contrary⑩to?whatmanypeoplemightassume?，evidence?showsthatsharksseldomattackhumans.Therearethreetypesofsharkattacks.Inthemaintype,thesharkattacksyoubecauseitmistakesyoufor?afish,butwhenittasteshumanflesh?itdecidestogiveup?andswimsaway.Inthesecondtype,thesharkpushesyouwithitsnosetofindoutifyouarefittobeeaten?，andthenbitesyouifitthinksyouare?.Inthethirdtype,thesharkwaitsforyoutoswimby,andthenattacksyousuddenly.Thelasttwotypesofattackmoreoftenresultin?thedeathofhumans.①shark/?ɑ?k/n.鯊魚②areknownto...可轉(zhuǎn)換為Itisknownthat...句式。③attackvt.襲擊，攻擊；抨擊；非難；侵襲，損害④humanbeing人類⑤because...Jaws是because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。⑥jaw/d???/n.頜⑦h(yuǎn)oweveradv.然而，可是⑧twoother另外兩個(gè)，other與數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，應(yīng)放在數(shù)詞的后面；而another與數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，應(yīng)放在數(shù)詞的前面。⑨bull/b?l/n.公牛eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))contrary/'k?ntr?rI/adj.相反的n．相反的事實(shí)或情況contraryto與……相反?what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，作介詞to的賓語。?assumevt.假定，設(shè)想?evidencen．證據(jù)，證明；跡象?mistake...for...把……誤認(rèn)為……?flesh/fle?/n.(動(dòng)物或人的)肉?giveup放棄?ifyou...是賓語從句。tobeeaten是動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。?ifitthinksyouare是條件狀語從句。?resultin導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是resultfrom起因于鯊魚攻擊[以上部分譯文](世界上)有將近400種不同種類的鯊魚，但我們知道只有約30種鯊魚攻擊過人類。許多人知道最危險(xiǎn)的鯊魚是大白鯊，也許是因?yàn)樗麄兛催^電影《大白鯊》吧。然而，另外兩種鯊魚也相當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)：虎鯊和牛鯊。和許多人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為的正好相反，有證據(jù)顯示鯊魚極少攻擊人類。鯊魚攻擊人類的情形有三種。一般情形中鯊魚攻擊你是因?yàn)樗涯沐e(cuò)當(dāng)成了一條魚，但當(dāng)它嘗出人肉的味道時(shí)，就會(huì)決定放棄并游開。在第二種情形中，鯊魚會(huì)用鼻子推搡你，以弄清你是否適合被食用，如果它覺得適合，便會(huì)咬你。而在第三種情形中，鯊魚會(huì)等待你游過來，然后突然攻擊你。后兩種攻擊類型對(duì)人類來說往往是致命的。Toreducetherisk?ofasharkattack,youshouldfolloweq\o(○,\s\up1(21))thesesuggestionseq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).·Donotswiminthedark.Sharkscanstillseeyoubutyoucannotseethem.·Donotgoswimmingintheoceaneq\o(○,\s\up1(23))ifyouhaveafresheq\o(○,\s\up1(24))woundeq\o(○,\s\up1(25)).Sharkscansmellbloodoveralongdistanceeq\o(○,\s\up1(26)).·Donotwearbrightclothingorjewelleryeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))，becausesharksareattractedeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))totheflashofcoloursandbrightobjects.·Stayingroups,eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))assharksusuallyavoideq\o(○,\s\up1(30))largenumbersofeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))people.Recently,sharkattackshavebeenincreasingeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))aswatersportsarebecomingmorepopulareq\o(○,\s\up1(33)).Ifasharkattacksyou,followtheadviceeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))below.·Keepcalmeq\o(○,\s\up1(35)).Donotpaniceq\o(○,\s\up1(36)).·Hitthesharkonthenoseeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))withyourfisteq\o(○,\s\up1(38)).·Stickyourfingerintheshark'seye.Don'tbefrightenedbysharks:youare30timesmorelikelyeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))tobehitbylightningthanbeattackedbyashark.?riskn．風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，危險(xiǎn)eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))followvt.遵循eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))suggestionn．建議(為可數(shù)名詞)eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))ifyouhaveafreshwound是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))freshadj.新鮮的；清新的，涼爽的eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))woundn．傷口，創(chuàng)傷vt.使受傷eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))distancen．距離eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))jewellery/'d?u??lrI/n.珠寶jeweln．[C]珠寶eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))attract/?'tr?kt/vt.吸引eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))assharks...people是as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))avoidvt.避開，避免avoid后接v．-ing，不接todo。eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))largenumbersof大量的，許多a(large)numberof與(large)numbersof僅修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))aswater...popular是as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))popularadj.受歡迎的，流行的，通俗的eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))advicen．建議(為不可數(shù)名詞)eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))calm/kɑ?m/adj.鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的，平靜的vt.&vi.使平靜eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))panic/'p?nIk/vi.&n.驚慌，恐慌eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))hitsb.on/inthe＋身體部位，the不可以換成one's。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))fist/fIst/n.拳頭eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))likely/'laIklI/adj.可能的[以上部分譯文]為了降低被鯊魚攻擊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，你應(yīng)該遵循這些建議：·不要在黑暗中游泳。鯊魚仍然能看得見你，而你卻看不見它們?！と绻阌袆偸軅膫?，不要在海洋中游泳。鯊魚在很遠(yuǎn)處便能嗅到血腥味?！げ灰r亮的衣服或佩戴珠寶首飾，因?yàn)轷忯~會(huì)被顏色或明亮物體的閃光吸引?！ぜw行動(dòng)，因?yàn)轷忯~通常會(huì)避開人群。最近，隨著水上運(yùn)動(dòng)更加普及，鯊魚攻擊事件也在持續(xù)增多。如果鯊魚攻擊你，遵循以下建議：·保持冷靜。別驚慌失措。·用你的拳頭擊打鯊魚的鼻子?！び媚愕氖种复刘忯~的眼睛。不要害怕鯊魚：你被閃電擊中的幾率要比受到鯊魚襲擊的幾率大30倍。Thewonderfulworldofpigeons①Itisnight.Allisquiet.Thesoldiers②areasleep③whileaguardwatchesfor④theenemy.Thereisaflash,andthesoundofguns!Theyarebeingattacked!Hundredsofenemysoldiersrushtowardsthem⑤.Theyareallgoingtobekilledunlesstheygethelp⑥.Whatshouldtheydo?Anofficerwritesashortmessagequicklyonasmallpieceofpaper：‘Beingattacked!Hurry！’Herollsup⑦thepaperandputsitinto⑧asmallcase,andthenreachesinto⑨acageandgetsabird.Attachingthemessageto⑩itsleg,hesetsthebirdloose?.Itimmediately?fliesintotheairanddisappearsinthedark.Willthebirdarriveintime?？Willtheybesaved？①pigeon/'pId?In/n.鴿子②soldier/'s??ld??(r)/n.士兵③while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“與……同時(shí)”。④watchfor守候，注意⑤rushto/towardssb.向某人沖去⑥unlesstheygethelp是unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，unless意為“除非”。⑦rollup卷起來roll/r??l/vi.&vt.卷起來；(使)滾動(dòng)⑧o...把……裝入……⑨reachinto將手伸進(jìn)……⑩attach...to...把……系在/附在……上?loose/lu?s/adj.松動(dòng)的，松開的；寬松的vt.松開，釋放?immediatelyadv.立即conj.一……就……?intime及時(shí)ontime按時(shí)鴿子的奇妙世界[第1～4段譯文]萬籟俱寂的夜晚。除了一名哨兵在站崗放哨，所有士兵都在夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)。突然一道閃光，槍聲四起！他們?cè)獾焦袅耍?shù)百名敵軍士兵沖向了他們。除非獲得救援，否則他們?nèi)紩?huì)被殺死。他們?cè)撛趺崔k？一名軍官飛快地在一張小紙片上寫道：“受襲！速援！”他把紙片卷起來，放進(jìn)一個(gè)小盒子里，然后伸手探入一個(gè)籠子，捉出一只鳥來。他將信系在它的腿上后，便松開了鳥兒。它立刻飛向天空，消失在黑暗中。這只鳥會(huì)及時(shí)到達(dá)嗎？他們會(huì)得救嗎？Thoughitmayseemhardtobelieve,thebirdtheofficerusesisthesamebirdoftenseeninpublicparks?—thepigeon.Pigeonshaveawonderfulsenseofdirection?andcanfindtheirwayhomeoverlongdistances.Indeed?，pigeonshavebeenknowntoflyhomefromasfarawayas1,800kilometres.Thatiswhypigeonshavebeenusedsinceancienttimes?tocarrythenewsoreventhemail?.However,itwasinwarthattheyfoundtheirgreatestuse?.DuringbothWorldWarⅠandⅡ，pigeonswereemployed?byarmiestocarrymessagestoandfromthefrontlines,savingthelivesofmanysoldiersandevenhelpingwinsomeimportantvictorieseq\o(○,\s\up1(21)).Howdopigeonsfindtheirway?Pigeonsappeartohaveacompasseq\o(○,\s\up1(22))insidethemthattellsthemwhichwayisnortheq\o(○,\s\up1(23)).Howthiscompassworkseq\o(○,\s\up1(24))remainseq\o(○,\s\up1(25))amystery.Ofcourse,sinceacompassaloneisnotenoughtofindeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))one'sway,theyalsoappeartousetheirsightandeventheirsenseofsmelltotelleq\o(○,\s\up1(27))themwhichwaytheyshouldgoeq\o(○,\s\up1(28)).Unlikeeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))humans,theynevergetlosteq\o(○,\s\up1(30))andcanalwaysfindtheirwayhome.?though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；theofficerusesisthe...parks是省略了關(guān)系代詞that/which的定語從句，修飾bird；seeninpublicparks是過去分詞短語作后置定語。?asenseofdirection方向感?indeedadv.的確；確實(shí)?ancienttimes古代，上古時(shí)代?why引導(dǎo)表語從句，注意：在Thatiswhy...句型中why后接結(jié)果。?itwasinwarthattheyfoundtheir...是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。?employ/Im'pl?I/vt.使用；雇用eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))saving...soldiers與helping...victories是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))compass/'k?mp?s/n.羅盤；指南針eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))that...north是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾acompass;whichwayisnorth是which引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))Howthiscompassworks是how引導(dǎo)的主語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))remainlink-v.仍然是，保持不變eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))be(not)enoughtodosth.(不)足夠做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))tellvt.分辨出；辨別eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))whichwaytheyshouldgo是which引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))unlike/??n'laIk/prep.不像；與……不同eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))getlost迷路[第5～6段譯文],雖然這似乎令人難以置信，但是那名軍官所用的鳥兒和我們常在公園里看到的一種鳥是相同的——鴿子。鴿子有著極強(qiáng)的方向感，能從很遠(yuǎn)的地方找到回家的路。確實(shí)，據(jù)知鴿子能飛行遠(yuǎn)達(dá)1800千米回到家。這就是鴿子自古以來就被用于攜帶消息甚至郵件的原因。然而，它們的最大用途卻是在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)和第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，鴿子被軍方用來和前線往返傳遞信息，挽救了許多士兵的生命，甚至幫助贏得了一些重要的勝利。,鴿子是怎么認(rèn)路的呢？鴿子體內(nèi)似乎有一只羅盤，告訴它們何處是北。這個(gè)羅盤是如何工作的仍然是個(gè)謎。當(dāng)然，由于僅靠一只羅盤還不足以認(rèn)路，它們似乎也使用視覺乃至嗅覺去辨明應(yīng)該走哪條路。和人類不同，它們從不迷路，總是能找到回家的路。Step1Readthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．Howmanytypesofsharkshaveattackedhumans?A．Nearly400types.B．About30types.C．Onlyonetype. D．Threetypes.2．Ifyouaregoingtoswiminthesea,________.A．you'dbetterstaywithothersB．youshouldwearbright-coloredswimmingsuitsC．youmustcarryastickwithyouD．you'dbettermakeyourselfnotfittobeeaten3．Whichonedoesn'tbelongtothethreetypesofsharkattacks?A．Thesharkmistakesyouforafish.B．Thesharkfindsoutyouarefittobeeatenandbitesyou.C．Thesharkwaitsforyoutoswimbyandattacksyousuddenly.D．Thesharkattacksyouwhenittasteshumanflesh.4．Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.A．people'sscarestosharksmainlycomefromthemovie“Jaws”B．morepeopledieofdrowningorlightningC．knowingthewayssharksattackpeopleandthewaystosaveoneselfcanpreventtheattackstotallyD．theattackeventsfromthesharksarethemaintopicsofthepassage5．Whyhavesharkattacksbeenincreasingrecently?A．Becausemorepeoplelikewearingbrightclothingorjewellery.B．Becausefewerpeoplearetryingandstayingingroups.C．Becauseyoucan'tseethesharkinthedarkwhileitcanseeyou.D．Becausewatersportsarebecomingmorepopular.答案：1～5BADBDStep2Fillineachblankwithonlyonewordaccordingtothetext.SharkattacksAboutsharks?Nearly400typesofsharks.?About30typesarereportedtohaveattackedhumans.?Threetypesof1.dangeroussharks:thegreatwhiteshark,thetigersharkandthebullshark.Threetypesofsharkattacks?Theshark2.mistakesyouforafishandattacksyou,butwhenittasteshumanflesh,itgivesup.?Theshark3.bitesyouifitthinksyouarefittobeeaten.?Thesharkwaitsforyoutoswimby,andthenattacksyouallofa4.sudden.5.Advice/Suggestionsonhowtoreducetheriskofasharkattack?Don'tswiminthe6.dark/darkness.?Don'tswimintheoceanifyouhaveafresh7.wound.?Don'twearbrightclothingorjewellery.?Stayingroups.Whattodoifasharkattackhappens?Keepcalm.Don'tgetintoa8.panic.?Hitthesharkonthenosewithyourfist.?9.Stickyourfingerintheshark'seye.10.ChancesofbeingattackedbyasharkYouare30timesmorelikelytobehitbylightningthanbeattackedbyashark.一、這樣記單詞記得準(zhǔn)·寫得對(duì)記得快·記得多Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)詞匯1．contraryadj.相反的n.相反的事實(shí)或情況2．calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的，平靜的v.鎮(zhèn)靜，使平靜3．panicvi.&n.驚慌，恐慌4．rollv.卷起來；(使)滾動(dòng)5．looseadj.松動(dòng)的，松開的；寬松的vt.松開，釋放6．compassn.羅盤；指南針7．unlikeprep.不像；與……不同Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1．a(chǎn)ttractvt.吸引→attractionn．吸引，吸引力，吸引物→attractiveadj.有吸引力的2．likelyadj.可能的→unlikelyadj.不可能的3．employvt.使用；雇用→employmentn．雇用→employeen．雇工，雇員→employern．雇主1.“靜”觀其變①calm平靜的，鎮(zhèn)靜的②quiet寂靜的，安靜的③peaceful平靜的，和平的④cool冷靜的⑤still靜止不動(dòng)的2．巧記以“-oose”結(jié)尾的單詞①后院一群goose鵝②一個(gè)一個(gè)choose挑選③把頭塞進(jìn)noose繩套④結(jié)果繩索loose松弛的3．語境巧記employ派生詞TheemployerdecidedtoemployTomashersecretaryandshehopedtohaveatalkwithheremployeesabouthisemploymentbeforehecametowork.雇主決定雇用湯姆做她的秘書，她希望在他來上班之前和她的雇員們談一下關(guān)于他的雇用。二、這樣記短語記牢固定短語多積常用詞塊1.contraryto與……相反2．differenttypesof不同類型的3．mistake...for...把……誤認(rèn)為……4．befitto_do適合做5．followtheadvice采納建議6．resultin導(dǎo)致7．watchfor觀察等待(某人出現(xiàn)或發(fā)生某事)8．rollup卷起來1.humanbeings人類，人2．toreducetherisk為了減少風(fēng)險(xiǎn)3．overalongdistance從很遠(yuǎn)處4．watersports水上運(yùn)動(dòng)5．a(chǎn)shortmessage一條短消息/短信6．setthebirdloose把鳥放飛7．inpublicparks在公園8．sinceancienttimes自從古代起三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Don'tbefrightenedbysharks：youare30timesmorelikelytobehitbylightningthanbeattackedbyashark.不要害怕鯊魚：你被閃電擊中的幾率要比受到鯊魚襲擊的幾率大30倍?！?0timesmore...than”是“倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)”的用法。Soundtravelsmorethanfour_times_fasterinwaterthaninair.聲音在水中傳播的速度是在空氣中傳播速度的4倍多。2.However,itwasinwarthattheyfoundtheirgreatestuse.然而，它們的最大用途卻是在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中被發(fā)現(xiàn)的?！癷twas...that...”是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。It_was_in_Asia_thattheworld'sgreatestcultureshadtheirbirth.世界上最偉大的文化都起源于亞洲。3.Thoughitmayseemhardtobelieve,thebirdtheofficerusesisthesamebirdoftenseeninpublicparks—thepigeon.雖然這似乎令人難以置信，但是那名軍官所用的鳥兒和我們常在公園里看到的一種鳥是相同的——鴿子。though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”。Though_I_know_Mum_is_the_most_important_personinmyworld,Ijustcan'tdowhatshelikesmetodo.(2013·重慶高考書面表達(dá))盡管我知道媽媽是我生命中最重要的人，可是我還是不能做她想讓我做的事情。1．(教材P18)Contrarytowhatmanypeoplemightassume,evidenceshowsthatsharksseldomattackhumans.與許多人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為的正好相反，有證據(jù)顯示鯊魚極少攻擊人類。contraryadj.相反的n.相反的事實(shí)或情況becontraryto與……相反tothecontrary相反onthecontrary與此相反；恰恰相反①Whathetoldmewasthecontraryofwhatyoutoldme.他告訴我的和你告訴我的正好相反。②Thegameendedinavictoryfortheirschool,whichwasquitecontrarytoprediction.比賽以他們學(xué)校的勝利而告終，這與當(dāng)初的預(yù)測(cè)大相徑庭。③IshallcontinuetobelieveituntilIgetproofto_the_contrary.在我未得到相反的證據(jù)之前，我會(huì)繼續(xù)相信它。④Thismeetingisnotasuccess;on_the_contrary,_itisatotalfailure.這個(gè)會(huì)議開得并不成功，相反，是完全失敗的。2．(教材P18)Donotwearbrightclothingorjewellery,becausesharksareattractedtotheflashofcoloursandbrightobjects.不要穿鮮亮的衣服或佩戴珠寶首飾，因?yàn)轷忯~會(huì)被顏色或明亮物體的閃光吸引。attractvt.吸引(1)attractsb.tosth.吸引某人關(guān)注某事attractsb.'sattention/attracttheattentionofsb.吸引某人的注意(2)attractiveadj.漂亮的，悅耳的，誘人的attractionn.吸引，吸引力，有吸引力的事物①Ifyouwanttoattractmorecustomers,tryadvertisinginthelocalpaper.如果你要吸引更多顧客，就試著在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙登廣告。②Thebrightlightsandnoisymusicattracted_the_children_tothehall.明亮的燈光和喧鬧的音樂把孩子們吸引到了大廳。③Icametotheseaandagoldenbeachattracted_my_attention/attractedtheattentionofme.我來到大海邊，那一片金黃的沙灘吸引了我的注意。④Veniceisoneofthegreattouristattractionsoftheworld.威尼斯是世界上最令人向往的旅游勝地之一。3．(教材P18)Keepcalm.保持鎮(zhèn)靜。calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的，平靜的vt.&vi.使平靜，鎮(zhèn)靜(1)keep/remain/staycalm保持冷靜(2)calmdown(使)平靜下來，(使)鎮(zhèn)靜下來calmsb./oneselfdown使某人/自己平靜下來(3)calmlyadv.安靜地；平靜地；冷靜地calmnessn.安靜；冷靜；沉著①Firstofall,trytokeepcalmattheinterview.首先，面試時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)靜。②Calm_down;_there'snothingtoworryabout.冷靜點(diǎn)兒，沒有什么好擔(dān)心的。③Thetelevisionannouncerreadthenewscalmly.電視播音員平靜地念了這則新聞。[辨析比較]calm,still,quiet,silentcalm“平靜的，沉著的”，指無風(fēng)浪或人的心情不激動(dòng)still“靜止的，不動(dòng)的”，指沒有運(yùn)動(dòng)或動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)quiet“寧靜的，安靜的”，指沒有聲音，不吵鬧或心里沒有煩惱、焦慮silent“寂靜的，沉默的，不發(fā)聲的”，指沒有聲音或不講話選用上述單詞填空Whenfacingdanger,oneshouldkeep④calm;_whentakenphotosof,oneshouldkeep⑤still;_whensomeoneelseisasleep,oneshouldkeep⑥quiet;_wheninclass,oneshouldn'tkeep⑦silentabouttheteacher'squestions.面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，應(yīng)該保持鎮(zhèn)靜；照相時(shí)，要保持不動(dòng)；當(dāng)其他人睡覺時(shí)，應(yīng)保持安靜；在課堂上，對(duì)老師的問題不應(yīng)保持沉默。4．(教材P18)Donotpanic.別驚慌失措。panicvi.&n.驚慌，恐慌vt.(使)恐慌(1)panicodoingsth.使某人倉促行動(dòng)panicover/about/at...因……而恐慌(2)in(a)panic驚恐地；驚慌地getintoapanic陷入驚(恐)慌oapanic使……恐慌①Therewasapanicwhenthebuildingcaughtfire.大樓起火時(shí)，人們一片驚慌。②Hepanickedandranasfastashecouldtosafety.他很驚慌，盡快跑到了安全地方。③Theprotestsbecamemoreviolentandmanypeoplewere_panicked_intoleavingthecountry.抗議變得更加激烈，嚇得許多人離開了那個(gè)國家。④Shegot_into_a_panicwhenshethoughtshe'dforgottenthepassport.當(dāng)她想起忘了帶通行證時(shí)，頓時(shí)驚慌起來。[名師點(diǎn)津]panic的過去式和過去分詞都是panicked，現(xiàn)在分詞是panicking。5．(教材P18)Don'tbefrightenedbysharks:youare30timesmorelikelytobehitbylightningthanbeattackedbyashark.不要害怕鯊魚：你被閃電擊中的幾率要比受到鯊魚襲擊的幾率大30倍。likelyadj.可能的adv.很可能，大概Sb./Sth.belikelytodosth.某人/物可能做某事Itbelikelythat...可能……notlikely絕不可能①Themostlikelyexplanationisthathisplanewasdelayed.最可能的解釋是他的飛機(jī)晚點(diǎn)了。②Itisraininghard.Theyverylikelywon'tcome.雨下得很大。他們很可能不會(huì)來了。③It_is_very_likely_thathewillnotagreetoourplan.他很可能不會(huì)同意我們的計(jì)劃。[辨析比較]likely,possible,probablelikely指從表面跡象來判斷，表面上看來有可能。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：Sth./Sb.islikelytodosth.;It'slikelythat...possible指客觀上有可能，也許實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性并不大。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.;Ibable表示有幾分根據(jù)的推測(cè)，比possible表示的可能性大，一般不用表示人的詞作主語。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：Itisprobablethat...likely,possible和probable三者均表示“可能的”，可能性由大到小依次為：選用上述單詞填空④Itispossiblethatitwillrain,butwithsuchablueskyitdoesn'tseemprobable.Inthatcase,wearelikelytogoclimbingthisafternoon.6．(教材P19)Herollsupthepaperandputsitintoasmallcase,andthenreachesintoacageandgetsabird.他把紙片卷起來，放進(jìn)一個(gè)小盒子里，然后伸手探入一個(gè)籠子，捉出一只鳥來。rollup卷起來；到達(dá)；(轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)把手)關(guān)閉rollover從(邊上)滾下；(使)翻滾rollsth.down搖開，旋開rollin大量涌入；滾滾而來①Sherolleduphersleevesandbegantopreparesupper.她卷起袖子開始準(zhǔn)備晚餐。②Billfinallyrolled_uptwohourslate.比爾終于來了，遲到了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。③Laterthemanrolled_overonhisbackandslept.后來，這個(gè)人翻了一個(gè)身，仰面睡著了。④Thewavesrolledintothebeach.海浪滾滾而來，涌向海灘。[名師點(diǎn)津]識(shí)記下列“v.＋up”短語：①giveup放棄②takeup從事；拿起；繼續(xù)③makeup組成，構(gòu)成④turnup出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)⑤pickup搭起；收聽；無意中學(xué)會(huì)⑥setup建立；成立⑦putup建造；張貼⑧sendup發(fā)射7．(教材P19)DuringbothWorldWarⅠandⅡ，pigeonswereemployedbyarmiestocarrymessagestoandfromthefrontlines,savingthelivesofmanysoldiersandevenhelpingwinsomeimportantvictories.在一戰(zhàn)和二戰(zhàn)期間，鴿子被軍方用來和前線往返傳遞信息，挽救了許多士兵的生命，甚至幫助贏得了一些重要的勝利。employvt.使用；雇用；利用(1)employsb.as...雇某人擔(dān)任……employsb.todosth.雇某人做某事employoneselfindoingsth./onsth.從事于/忙于(做)某事(2)employeen.雇員，雇工employern.雇主，老板e(cuò)mploymentn.雇用；受雇①Thesedrugswerecustomarilyemployedtotreatthedisease.以前這些藥通常用來治療這種疾病。②Maryis_employed_asasalesgirlinashop.瑪麗受雇于一家商店做銷售員。③Insteadofwastingtime,sheemployed_herself_in_reading.她專心致志地看書，不白白浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。[語境串記]Ifyouareemployedbyacompany,youareanemployee.如果你被一家公司雇用，你就是一名雇員。[名師點(diǎn)津]類似于“employ(雇用)→employee(雇工)→employer(雇主)”的英語單詞還有：①interview→interviewee→interviewer面試面試者面試官②train→trainee→trainer訓(xùn)練受訓(xùn)者訓(xùn)練員③examine→examinee→examiner檢查受檢查者檢查員eq\a\vs4\al([詞匯對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)])單項(xiàng)填空1．HethinksIhavespokenillofhim；________，I'malwaysspeakingwellofhim.A．thatistosayB．what'smoreC．tothecontrary D．onthecontrary解析：選D句意：他以為我說過他的壞話，恰恰相反，我總是稱贊他。tothecontrary“相反的”；onthecontrary“與此相反”。2．Thecompanyisstartinganewadvertisingcampaignto________newcustomerstoitsstores.A．join B．a(chǎn)ttractC．a(chǎn)ward D．a(chǎn)ttack解析：選B句意：這家公司發(fā)起了新一輪廣告戰(zhàn)役來吸引新的顧客到其商店來。attract“吸引”，符合題意。join“加入，連接”；award“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”；attack“攻擊”。3．Theshoppersescaped________fromthestorewhenthefirebrokeout.A．insurprise B．insilenceC．inpanic D．inawhisper解析：選C句意：當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，顧客們驚慌失措地從店里逃出來。insurprise“吃驚地”；insilence“沉默地”；inpanic“驚慌地”；inawhisper“低聲說”。4．________histrousers,heworkedwiththeothersinthefield.A．Rollingup B．RollingdownC．Rollingaway D．Rollingover解析：選A句意：他卷起褲腿和其他人一起在地里干活。rollup“卷起”，符合句意。rolldown“搖開，旋開”；rollaway“綿延起伏”；rollover“翻滾”。5．Itissaidthatshe________inacomputercompanysincegraduation.A．hasemployed B．hasbeenemployedC．hademployed D．isemployed解析：選B句意：據(jù)說她畢業(yè)以后就受雇于一家電腦公司。employ“雇用”，和主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系；又根據(jù)sincegraduation可知時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該選用完成時(shí)。6．—MyGod,I'mgettinglateagain.Mybosswillbeangry.—Trytokeep________，andwe'llthinkofagoodexcuse.A．stillB．calmC．quiet D．a(chǎn)live解析：選B句意：“天啊！我又要遲到了。老板會(huì)生氣的。”“盡量鎮(zhèn)靜下來，我們會(huì)想出一個(gè)好的理由。”calm“鎮(zhèn)靜的”，與語境相符。still“靜止的，不動(dòng)的”；quiet“安靜的”；alive“活著的”。7．Studiesshowthatpeoplearemore________tosufferfrombackproblemsiftheyalwayssitbeforecomputerscreensforlonghours.A．likely B．possibleC．probable D．sure解析：選A句意：研究表明如果長期坐在電腦前人常?；加斜巢考膊?。belikelytodosth.意為“有可能做某事”。B、C兩項(xiàng)作表語時(shí)，主語一般是物或用it作形式主語；D項(xiàng)不合題意。1．Don'tbefrightenedbysharks:youare30timesmorelikelytobehitbylightningthanbeattackedbyashark.不要害怕鯊魚：你被閃電擊中的幾率要比受到鯊魚襲擊的幾率大30倍。句中30timesmorelikely...是倍數(shù)表達(dá)法的具體運(yùn)用。常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式有：(1)．..倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.的比較級(jí)＋than...(2)．..倍數(shù)＋what從句...(3)．..倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...(4)．..倍數(shù)＋asmany/much＋n.＋as...(5)．..倍數(shù)＋thesize/length/width/height/depth/weight等＋of...①Industrialpriceshaverisenthreetimesmorequicklythanagriculturalones.工業(yè)產(chǎn)品在價(jià)格增長的速度上是農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品的三倍。②Theproductionnowisthreetimeswhatitwastenyearsago.現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是十年前的三倍。③Ournewschoolisfour_times_as_big_astheoldone.我們的新學(xué)校是老學(xué)校的四倍大。④Wehadthreetimesasmanypeopleasweexpected.來的人是我們預(yù)料人數(shù)的三倍。⑤Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球的大小是月球的四十九倍。2．However,itwasinwarthattheyfoundtheirgreatestuse.然而，它們的最大用途卻是在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。本句中itwas...that...是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，此句強(qiáng)調(diào)了地點(diǎn)狀語inwar。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的常用形式：(1)陳述句形式：Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分＋that/who＋其他成分(2)一般疑問句形式：Is/Wasit＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分＋that/who＋其他成分？(3)特殊疑問形式：特殊疑問詞＋is/wasitthat＋其他成分？(4)notuntil強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：Itis/wasnotuntil...that＋其他成分①Itisinthehallthattheyhavehadameeting.他們是在禮堂舉行了會(huì)議。②It_waslastsummerthatIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.我是去年夏天從那所大學(xué)畢業(yè)的。③Was_it_yesterday_thattheyattendedalectureabouttheenvironmentalprotection?是在昨天他們聽了一個(gè)關(guān)于環(huán)保的報(bào)告嗎？④Whatisitthatcausesthechangeinseasons?是什么造成的季節(jié)的變化？⑤It_was_not_untilyesterdaythatIlearnedit.直到昨天我才聽說這件事。[名師點(diǎn)津]“it's...that...”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：(1)不用于強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞；(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且指人時(shí)that可換成who；(3)去掉“it's”“that/who”后句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍完整。eq\a\vs4\al([句型對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)])完成句子1．這本詞典的厚度是你從圖書館借的那本的5倍。Thisdictionaryisfive_times_as_thick_as_the_oneyouborrowedfromthelibrary.2．在學(xué)生中引起極大的興趣的正是這位著名作家以及他的作品。It_is_the_famous_writer_and_his_works_thathavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.3．盡管我們過著更好的生活，但是我們的健康現(xiàn)在正變得糟糕。Though_we_lead_a_better_life,_ourhealthisbecomingworsenow.4．據(jù)報(bào)道美國使用的能源是整個(gè)歐洲的兩倍。ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesusestwice_as_much_energy_asthewholeofEurope.5．史密斯先生生氣是因?yàn)榻芸松蠈W(xué)遲到了嗎？(四川高考)Was_it_because_Jack_came_late_for_school_thatMr.Smithgotangry?Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Contrary(相反的)totheoldwarningthattimewaitsfornoone,timeslowsdownwhenyouareonthemove.2.TheprofessorbeganthelecturewithaninterestingEnglishstory,whichattracted(吸引)theattentionofallthestudentsatonce.3.Self-reflectionmeansslowingdownandcalming(使鎮(zhèn)靜)yourself.4．Inaddition,wearemorelikely(可能的)tomakenewfriendsonourjourney.5．Hewasinagreatpanic(恐慌)whenhesawmanypeoplepickingupthemoney.6．Thesnowisveryloose(松散的)andthereisalotofairinit.7．Manygraduatesareemployed(雇用)intheelectronicsandcomputingindustries.8．Unlike(不像)hisbrother,hehasagoodsenseofhumor.Ⅱ.選詞填空onthecontrary，rollup，watchfor，resultin，keepcalm，inapanic，belikelyto，employ...as...1.Facedwithdanger,thepolicemankept_calm.2.ItwashalfpasteightwhenSimpsonatlastrolled_up.3．Beingdevotedtohisworkresulted_inhisgreatsuccess.4．Hefledin_a_panicwhenheheardthatthepolicewerecoming.5．Ifyoudon'ttrustme,whydoyouemploymeasyoursecretary?6．Friendshipis_likely_tobeformedwhenyouhelpandlearnfromeachother.7．It'snotroubleatall;on_the_contrary,_itwillbeagreatpleasuretohelpyou.8．Parentsshouldalwayswatch_forsignsofdepressionintheirchildren.一、打牢語言基礎(chǔ)，基穩(wěn)才能樓高[單元語言點(diǎn)綜合練習(xí)]Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1．—Whichteamis________towinthegame?—Inmyopinion,itis________forourteamtowin.A．probable;likelyB．possible;probableC．possible;likely D．likely;possible解析：選D句意：“哪個(gè)隊(duì)有可能贏得比賽？”“我認(rèn)為我們隊(duì)有可能贏?！眀elikelytodosth.“可能做某事”；Itispossibleforsb.todosth.“某人可能做某事”，為常用句型。2．IhadbeenhuntingforajobeverywhereuntilIwas________bytheWWF,whichIwassatisfiedwith.A．placed B．guidedC．informed D．employed解析：選D句意：我一直在找工作，直到被世界自然基金會(huì)雇用，我很滿意這個(gè)工作。employ“雇用”，符合題意。place“安排；放置”；guide“操縱；帶領(lǐng)，引導(dǎo)”；inform“通知”。3．Emergencylineoperatorsmustalwayskeep________andmakesurethattheygetalltheinformationtheyneed.A．calm B．silentC．still D．quiet解析：選A句意：緊急情況接線員必須總是保持鎮(zhèn)靜并且確保他們得到所需要的所有信息。keepcalm“保持鎮(zhèn)靜”，符合題意。keepsilent“保持沉默”；keepstill“保持不動(dòng)”；keepquiet“保持安靜”。4．Onsteppingoffthetrain,Isawgreenpasturesrolling________intothedistance.A．a(chǎn)round B．overC．a(chǎn)way D．up解析：選C句意：一下火車，我就看到綠油油的牧場(chǎng)綿延起伏，伸向遠(yuǎn)方。rollaway“綿延起伏”，符合句意。rollaround“循環(huán)，周而復(fù)始”；rollover“翻滾”；rollup“卷起來”。5．Wetrustyou;onlyyoucan________himtogiveupsmoking.A．suggest B．a(chǎn)ttractC．a(chǎn)dvise D．persuade解析：選D句意：我們相信你，只有你才能說服他戒煙。suggest“建議”，其后不跟動(dòng)詞不定式；attract“吸引”；advise“勸告”；persuade“勸服，說服”。故D項(xiàng)符合語法和句意。6．Aswehaveknownfromthemapoftheworld,thisis________.A．twiceaslargeanislandasthatB．twiceaslargerasthatislandC．a(chǎn)stwiceasthatoneD．twiceasalargeislandasthat解析：選A“倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋as...”為倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式之一。7．Heseemstobegivingtheimpressionthathedidn'tenjoyhimselfinParis.________，hehadawonderfultime.A．Aboveall B．What'smoreC．Asaresult D．Onthecontrary解析：選D句意：他給大家的印象好像是他在巴黎過得不愉快。相反，他玩得很高興。onthecontrary“正好相反”，符合題意。aboveall“首先，最重要的是”；what'smore“而且”；asaresult“結(jié)果”。8．ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently________Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A．so B．a(chǎn)sC．then D．that解析：選D句意：我最近重讀他的詩歌時(shí)才開始領(lǐng)略到它們的美。此句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是時(shí)間狀語從句onlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently。9．Thousandsofforeignerswere________totheShanghaiWorldExpothedayitopened.A．a(chǎn)ttended B．a(chǎn)ttainedC．a(chǎn)ttracted D．a(chǎn)ttached解析：選C句意：上海世博會(huì)開幕那天，成千上萬的外賓被吸引到那里。attend“參加”；attain“獲得”；attract“吸引”；attach“貼上，使附屬”。根據(jù)句意可知選C項(xiàng)。10．“Tommy,run！Bequick！Thehouseisonfire！”themothershouted,with________clearlyinhervoice.A．a(chǎn)ngerB．rudenessC．regret D．panic解析：選D句意：“湯米，快跑！快點(diǎn)兒！房屋失火了！”媽媽叫喊著，聲音里明顯帶著恐慌。anger“怒火，怒氣”；rudeness“粗魯”；regret“懊悔，遺憾”；panic“恐慌”。Ⅱ.完成句子1．一回到教室，他就忙于做起他的作業(yè)來。Once_back_in_the_classroom,_heburiedhimselfinhishomework.2．我現(xiàn)在太累了，什么也不能想了。I'mtoo_tired_to_think_ofanythingnow.3．他醒來的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老大娘正在照顧他。Whenheawoke,hefound_himself_being_looked_afterbyanoldwoman.4．采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。(同位語從句)Thesuggestionthat_the_new_rule_be_adopted_camefromthechairman.5．他進(jìn)步得很快，老師們對(duì)他感到很滿意。Hehasmade_such_great_progress_thattheteachersarepleasedwithhim.6.這個(gè)大廳比我們的教室大五倍。Thishallisfive_times_bigger_thanourclassroom.二、勤練語篇閱讀，多練自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Oneday,whenIwasinhighschool,IsawakidnamedKylefrommyclasswalkinghomefromschoolwithallhisbooks,Ithoughttomyself,“__1__wouldanyonebringhomeallhisbooksfortheweekend?Hemustreallybe__2__.”AsIwaswalking,Isawseveralkidsrunningtowardhim.Theyranathim,__3__allhisbooksoutofhisarmsandhefelldowninthedirt,hisglasseswent__4__andlandedinthegrass.My__5__wentouttohim.So,Iranovertohim.__6__Ihandedhimhisglasses,helookedatmeandsaid,“Hey,thanks！”Ihelpedhimpickuphisbooks,andaskedhimwherehelived.Asit__7__，helivednearme.Wetalkedallthewayhome.Overthenextfouryears,KyleandIbecamebestfriends.Kylewasthe__8__studentofourclass,oneofthoseguysthatreallyfoundthemselvesduringhighschool.Thereforehehadthe__9__topreparea__10__speech.Onthegraduationday,Icouldseethathewas__11__.So,Ipattedhimonthebackandsaid,“Hey,bigguy,you'llbe__12__！”Helookedatmeandsmiled.Heclearedhisthroat,andbegan.“Graduationisatimeto__13__thosewhohelpedyoumakeitthroughthose__14__years.Yourparents,yourteachers.Butmostlyyourfriends,Iamheretotellallofyouthatbeingafriendtosomeoneisthebest__15__youcangivehim.”Ijustlookedatmyfriendwith__16__ashetoldthestoryofthefirstdaywemet.Hehadplannedto__17__himselfovertheweekendandwascarryinghisbookshome.“Thankfully,nothinghappened.Myfriend__18__mefromdoingtheunspeakable.”NotuntilthatmomentdidIrealizethatyoushouldneverunderestimate(低估)the__19__ofyouractions.Withonesmallgestureyoucan__20__aperson'slife.Forbetterorforworse.語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。有時(shí)候你的一個(gè)小小的言行可能會(huì)影響別人一生，所以我們要學(xué)會(huì)善待別人。1．A.HowB．WhenC．Why D．Where解析：選C此處表達(dá)作者對(duì)Kyle過周末帶這么多書回家的疑問，故選C“為什么”。2．A.stupid B．cleverC．wonderful D．a(chǎn)nxious解析：選A根據(jù)上句可知，作者認(rèn)為過周末帶這么多書回家有點(diǎn)太蠢了，故選A“傻的，蠢的”。3．A.throwing B．knockingC．taking D．snatching解析：選B根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處指這些孩子們跑過來撞掉了他的書，故選B。4．A.lost B．sendingC．broken D．flying解析：選D根據(jù)下文可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作而非結(jié)果或狀態(tài)，flying與這句話中的landed相呼應(yīng)