2019年中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)分類匯編：閱讀理解知識(shí)點(diǎn)

知識(shí)點(diǎn)十、科普常識(shí)

1.（2018?桂林D）

TodayisDecember15,2030.InfluencedbythelaunchofthefirstmannedmissiontoMarsnextmonth,

youwillmostlikelygetagiftcardforaspacetrip.

Theinterestintrips,100kmabovethesurfaceoftheEarth,hasgrownsteadilysincesuchatripbegan.

However,themarkethasgrownmuchlargerthisyearsincetheofficialannouncementoftheMarsmission.

Morelow-costspacelineshaveenteredthemarketandyoucannowfindflightsforsuchatripforaslowas

$3,495.It'sveryreasonable.

Spacetourism（旅游業(yè)；觀光業(yè)）isoneofthemarketsthathavedevelopedfastduringthelastdecade,with

theopeningoftheStarbrightHotelonthemoonaswellastheloworbitalhotelsthatstartedacceptingguests.

However,accommodationinspaceisstillexpensivefortheaveragehousehold,sothesuborbital（亞軌道的）

flightswiththirty-minuteweightlessnessduringthethree-hourflightwillforsometimebethemostpopulartrip.

However,thespacelinesmightinthefuturefacefiercecompetitionbetweenspaceelevators（太空升降艙）,

liketheonethatisprojectedtostartconstructionwithintwoyears.Onceitisfullyfunctional,itwillstarttoship

cargotospace.Butitwillacceptpassengersassoonas

possibletogetbackthelargeinvestment.Eveniftheelevatorbecomessuccessful,itwilltakeseveralyearsbefore

therearemoreelevatorsintheworldtogetinthecompetitionforspacetrafficwiththespacelines.

Thosewhoarelookingforalittlebitofadventureandhaveextramoneytospendmaywanttoconsidera

suborbitalflightinspace.Whileasuborbitalflightmaynotbethespacemissionthatyouhavealwaysdreamedof,

itwillgiveyoutherareopportunitytoseewhatourplanetlookslikeinahigh-altitudeflightoutsideour

atmosphere.Sobeforeyouenjoyatripbyelevatortospace,enjoyasuborbitalflightfirst.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

71.FromParagraph1,whatwillhappeninJanuary,2031?

A.AgiftcardwillbetakentoMars,

B.Marswillbeexploredforthefirsttime.

C.ManwillgotoMarsforthefirsttime.

D.Anaffordablespacetripwillcometrue.

72.Theunderlined"average“canmostprobablybereplacedbyinthispassage.

A.commonB.high-incomeC.low-costD.low-income

73.Whatisthespaceelevator\purposeinacceptingpassengersassoonaspossible?

A.Toshipcargotospace.

B.Togetinthecompetitionbetweenspacelines.

C.Tostarttheconstructionofmorespaceelevators.

D.Togetbackthelargeinvestment.

74WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Spacetourismhasdevelopedfastduringthelasttenyears.

B.Asuborbitalfightmaybethespacemissionthatyouhavedreamedof.

C.Thesuborbitalflightswillbethemostpopulartripforsometime.

D.Eventhoughtheelevatorbecomessuccessful,westillwaitforafewyearstoseemoreelevatorscomeout

75.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat.

A.theloworbitalhotelshaveopenedsinceaspacetripbegan

B.withintwoyears,spaceelevatorswillbegintoshipcargoandpeopletospace.

C.duringthesuborbitalfights,youwillexperience30minutesweightlessness

D.ifyouwanttomeetyourcuriosity,youmaytryasuborbitalfight

體裁說明文話題未來旅游詞數(shù)342

【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了未來太空旅游的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，特別是亞軌道飛行。

71.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，2031年，太空旅游價(jià)格將會(huì)變得合理，人們可以接受。

72.A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中該句句意“然而，太空住宿對(duì)于……家庭來說仍然是貴的”可知average

此處意為“普通的”。

73.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Butitwillacceptpassengersassoonaspossibletogetbackthelarge

investment.可知目的是收回投資。

74.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一段中最后一句"Eveniftheelevatorbecomessuccessful,itwilltake

severalyearsbeforetherearemoreelevatorsintheworldtogetinthecompetitionforspacetrafficwiththe

spacelines.”可知，即使電梯非常成功，也需要花費(fèi)幾年時(shí)間才能有更多的電梯參與到太空旅游的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中來。

故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

75.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中最后一句“…sothesuborbital（亞軌道的）flightswiththirty-minute

weightlessnessduringthethree-hourflightwillforsometimebethemostpopulartrip.”可知應(yīng)選Co

2.（2018?北京C）

Someprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound.Theyarelikelyto

comewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgraymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesare

associated（關(guān)聯(lián)）withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction（認(rèn)知功能）.Thisisthemainconclusionofastudy

ledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.

Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure（接觸）togreenspaceinthe

livingplaceswasrecorded-usingtheinformationonthechildren9saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeof

thestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging（MR）.Workingmemoryand

inatlentiveness（注意力不集中）weregradedwithcomputers.

“Thisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenlong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrain

structure.vsaysDr.PayamDadvand,theleadingresearcherofthestudy."Ourfindingssuggestthatexposureto

greenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesrinthebrain.”

Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymatter

volumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,

largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandless

inattentiveness.

ExposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildrenAnotherstudyof

2,593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolswithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemory

andagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.

Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchand

learn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandrisktaking.

Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.

Dr.Dadvand'sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreen

spaceoncognitivedevelopment.Italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposureto

greennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities.

Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulation,settingsandclimates.Andresearchers

needtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace.

27.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout.

A.howthestudywasperformedB.whatwasrecordedinthestudy

C.howlongthestudylastedD.whotookpartinthestudy

28.Theword“prompt”inParagraph6probablymeans"”.

A.controlB.encourageC.balanceD.change

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Workingmemoryinfluenceswhiteandgreymatterinthebrain.

B.Dr.Dadvandstressedtheimportanceofchangingtheenvironment.

C.StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutofSpain.

D.Livingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.

題材|說明文|話題|科普知識(shí)（綠色空間對(duì)大腦認(rèn)知的影響）|詞數(shù)|395

【主旨大意】本文是一篇科普文章，主要講述了綠色空間對(duì)大腦認(rèn)知的一個(gè)影響。巴塞羅那全球健康

研究所通過調(diào)查在校學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)，在生活中多接觸綠色空間，對(duì)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知功能有積極影響，并且增強(qiáng)工作

記憶，減輕注意力不集中。

27.A段落主旨?xì)w納題。第二段主要介紹了本次調(diào)查研究是如何進(jìn)行的，因此選A。

28.B詞義猜測(cè)題°Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery.creativity

andrisktaking.相應(yīng)地，綠色空間被認(rèn)為能在發(fā)現(xiàn)力、創(chuàng)造力和冒險(xiǎn)中促進(jìn)重要的鍛煉,prompt是促進(jìn),

鼓舞的意思。control是控制，encourage是鼓勵(lì)balance是平衡change是改變，只有encourage的感情色

彩是正面的，因此選B。

29.D綜合推斷題。本文主要講述了綠色空間對(duì)大腦認(rèn)知的影響，文章分別從第三段、第四段、第五段、第

六段以及第七段論證該觀點(diǎn)。D項(xiàng)“居住在綠化更好的社區(qū)有助于孩子們大腦的發(fā)育”符合文意，故選D。

3.（2018揚(yáng)州A）

Thinkoftheanimalworld,andagroupofcolorfulwildanimalswillspringtomind:aparrofs

rainbowfeathersortheshowyscalesofseafish.But,manymammals（哺乳動(dòng)物）ontheplanet

comeinonlytwocolors:blackandwhite.Spendsometimeexploringwhatsciencehasdiscovered

abouttheseanimals,appearances,andyou'llseethatbasicblackandwhiteisn'tsobasicatall.

Thepanda'swhitebodyhelpsithideinsnowy

areas.Thearmsandlegsareblack,helpingithide

inforests.Themarkingsonitsheadarenotused

tohide,buttocommunicate.Blackearscanactas

awarningtoenemies.

Dependingonthespecies,blackskunks（臭鼬）

maywearwhitespotsthatactascoveringor

stripesthatsignalenemiestobeawareoftheir

smellyspray,whichcausesnorealharmtoits

victims,butitsuremakesthemuncomfortable.

Zebras'thincoatsmakethemmorevulnerable

thanlong-hairedanimalstobitingfliesthatcarry

disease,butthecoats'stripespreventfliesfrom

landingonthem,forreasonsthatscientistsare

stillstudying.Further,theirattractivenesstoflies

increaseswithstripewidth.Notwozebras'stripes

areexactlythesame.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingsentencesisTURE?

A.Thepanda'swhitepartshelpithideagainstsnow.

B.Bothwhitespotsandwhitestripeshelpskunkskilltheirvictims.

C.Zebraswithwiderstripesarelessattractivetoflies.

D.Scientistshavealreadyknownallthesecretsaboutthestripes.

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable"mean?

A.Beingeasilylanded.B.Beingeasilyattracted.

C.Beingeasilydiscovered.D.Beingeasilyattacked.

33.Whichcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.WhyAnimalStripesComeinDifferentShapes

B.WhySoManyAnimalsWearBlack-and-WhiteCoats

C.HowWildAnimalsProtectThemselvesfromEnemies

D.HowBlackandWhiteBecomeBasicColorsinAnimalWord

體裁科普文話題野生動(dòng)物顏色的詞數(shù)322

作用

【主旨大意】這是一篇科普說明文。文章通過具體事例說明，出現(xiàn)在我們腦海中的豐富多彩

的野生動(dòng)物，其基本的黑白根本就不是那么簡(jiǎn)單，它們各有各的作用。

31.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二表格中“…,whichcausesnorealharmtoitsvictims,butitsure

makesthemuncomfortable”可知黑臭鼬可能會(huì)戴上白色的斑點(diǎn)或條紋，不會(huì)對(duì)其受害者造成

真正的傷害，但這確實(shí)讓他們感到不舒服。故選項(xiàng)B不正確；根據(jù)表格三中“theirattractiveness

tofliesincreaseswithstripewidth”可知斑馬對(duì)蒼蠅的吸引力隨著條紋寬度的增加而增加。故

可排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)表格中“forreasonsthatscientistsarestillstudying”可知原因科學(xué)家仍在

研究中。故可排除選項(xiàng)D。選項(xiàng)B、C、D三項(xiàng)描述都有誤。故選A。

32.D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文可猜測(cè)"Zebras'thincoatsmakethemmorevulnerablethan

long-hairedanimalstobitingfliesthatcarrydisease,butthecoats'stripespreventfliesfromlanding

onthem,…”的意思為“斑馬的薄外套使它們比長(zhǎng)發(fā)動(dòng)物更易被攜帶疾病的蒼蠅叮咬，但大衣

的條紋阻止了蒼蠅降落在它們身上。。。"。故vulnerable意為“易受傷害的”，英文釋意為being

easilyattackedo文中morevulnerable為作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故選D。

33.B主旨大意題。文章主要通過具體事例說明，野生動(dòng)物是怎樣利用顏色（基本的黑白）來保

護(hù)它們自己，免受傷害的。故選B。

4（2018?廣東B）

There'smuchtoseeunderthesea,butyouneedtorememberthatlightbehavesdifferentlyinwaterthaninair.

Theobjectsappearclosertoyouthantheyexactlyare.Youmightfindyourselfreachingoutoftotouchsomething

andcompletelymissingit.

Objectsunderwaterwillappearlargerthantheywouldonthesurface,too.Becarefulnottotellanystories

aboutthebigfishthatgotaway.Thatfishmightnotbesobigafterall!It'sjustbecausesometimesthingscan

seemtobeasmuchasabout33percentbiggerinwater!

What'smore,indeeperwater,colorsjustdon'tseemasbright.Infact,itlooksasifsomecolorsaremissing.

Rememberthecolorofanobjectresultsfromthewavelengths（波長(zhǎng)）oflightthatarereflected（反射）fromits

surface.Andlightistakeninasitmovesdownthroughthewater.

Swimmerswearwetsuitstokeepwarmunderwater.Let'stakeabrightred,yellow,andbluewetsuitasan

example.Thesecolorsarehardtomissonthesurfaceofwater.Watchcarefullythechangesincolorasyou

descendinthewater.Theredpartnowlooksalmostblackbecausetheredlightwavelengths,thelongestamong

thesethreecolors,aremissing.Asyougodowndeeper,thesamethingwillhappentotheyellowpartandinthe

endtothebluepart.Evenataplaceofabout6to9metersunderwater,youwilllookterrible,likeaghost鬼怪）!

Andyouhavetowaitforyourreturntothesurfacetoenjoythebrightcolorsagain.

61.Youmisstheobjectunderwaterwhenyouwanttotouchitbecause.

A.youreyesightisquitepoorB.youarenotquickenough

C.itisnotascloseasitseemsD.itdisappearsveryquickly

62.Theexampleofthewetsuitisusedtoexplainthechangeofofanobjectunderwater.

A.thesizeB.thecolorC.thepositionD.theweight

63.Theunderlinedword“desLeed-probablymeansinChineseinthispassage.

A.上升B.酒污C.屏息D.下潛

64.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Afour-meter-longfishlooksthreemeterslongunderwater.

B.Thewavelengthsofredlightarelongerthanthoseofbluelight.

C.Muchwaterwillbetakeninbytheswimmerdeepinthewave.

D.Youwillseeaghostifyougoasdeepas6to9metersintothesea.

65.Thebesttitleofthispassageis.

A.TheStandardofColorUnderwaterB.TheDirectionofLightUnderwater

C.TheBrightnessofColorUnderwaterD.TheBehaviorofLightUnderwater

體裁說明文話題科普知識(shí)詞數(shù)280

【主旨大意】本文為說明文。介紹了光線在水中與在空氣中的傳播有所不同：水中的物體看起來離你比實(shí)

際近、而且大。顏色在深水中也會(huì)不鮮艷了，甚至有的顏色會(huì)消失。文章還舉例說明由于不同顏色的光波

長(zhǎng)不同，不同的顏色在水下變化也不同。

61.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中第二句"Theobjectsappearclosertoyouthantheyexactlyare.”可知，物體

在水中離你比實(shí)際近。故選C。

62.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段前三句話“Swimmerswearwetsuitstokeepwarmunderwater.Let*stakeabright

red,yellow,andbluewetsuitasanexample.Thesecolorsarehardtomissonthesurfaceofwater.”可矢口，作

者用紅、黃、藍(lán)三種不同的顏色舉例解釋水下物體顏色的變化。故選B。

63.D詞義猜測(cè)題。劃線詞所在的句子aWatchcarefullythechangesincolorasyoudescendinthewater.”與

下文“Asyougodowndeeper,...”是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故可推斷出descent與godown同義，即：下潛。故選

Do

64.B推理判斷題。由第四段中第五句“…theredlightwavelengths,thelongestamongthesethreecolors...”

紅光的波長(zhǎng)是紅、黃、藍(lán)三種顏色中最長(zhǎng)的，所以紅光的波長(zhǎng)比藍(lán)光的長(zhǎng)；此句與原文相符。故B項(xiàng)

正確。

65.D主旨大意題。閱讀全文知，本文主要談?wù)摰氖枪庠谒械恼凵洳牡谝欢蔚牡谝痪湓挼闹黝}句

“There'smuchtoseeunderthesea,butyouneedtorememberthatlightbehavesdifferentlyinwaterthanin

air.”知，光在水底下的行為可以作為文章的標(biāo)題。故選D。

5.（2018?深圳E）

Artificialintelligence（人工智能）,orAIinshort,isthescienceofgivingcomputersandmachines

abilitytothinkandworklikehumans.Alscientistsandengineershavemadealotofcooltechnology.

Alisrapidlycatchingupwiththehumanabilitytoreadfaces.Asaresult,facialrecognition（識(shí)別）isuseda

lotintheworld.Chinesepoliceusethistechnologytoidentifycriminals（罪犯）.Oncetheycaughtacriminal

whenheattendedaconcert.ItalsocheckstheIDofride-hailing（網(wǎng)約車）driversandletspeoplepayforthings

withasmile.

Alisalsousedinself-drivingcars,whicharebelievedtobethefutureofdriving.Mostdriversmaywaveor

nodatpassers-bytoletthemcrossthestreet,butself-drivingcarsdon'thavethisability.Carmakersaretestinga

lightsignalsystemtohelpthem“speak“tohumans.Thesystemcanshowwhatself-drivingcarswilldo.For

example,ifadriverlesscarisyielding（讓路）,itwillflashtwowhitelightssidetoside.Arapidlyflashinglight

tellspassers-bythatthecarisabouttospeedup.

ServiceRobotsalsoshowyouhowpowerfulAlis.Imaginethis-youcomebackfromschoolandyourrobot

housekeeperiswaitingforyouatthedoor.Afterdinner,heteachesyoutoplaythepiano,justlikearealmusic

teacher.Suchthoughtswillsoonhappenintherealworld.Inthefuture,moreandmoreservicerobotswill

becomegoodhomehelpers.

Alissopowerfulthatitcanhelphumanbeingsandevenreplaceusinmanyjobs.

（）42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"identifymeaninParagraph2probably

AToletsomebodyknowhismistakes.

B.Tocometorealizeandtellwhoiswho

CTotakesomebodytothepolicestation

D.Toinformsomebodyofsomethingimportant

）43.Accordingtothepassage,whatisfacialrecognitionusedfor?

A.Drivingcars.BMakingpeoplesmile.

C.CallingthepoliceDCheckingpeoplesinformation

）44.Whichtechnologyhasbeenusedinreallifeaccordingtothepassage?

A.ServiceRobotsatschool

B.Robotsasride-hailingdrivers

C.Facialrecognitionforpayment

D.Lightsignalsforself-drivingcars

）45.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

ApeopleuseAlinmanydifferentways.

BAlwilltaketheplaceofhumanbeingsinalljobs

C.Self-drivingcarswillbeabletotalklikehumans

D.Acriminalwascaughtforinventingfacialrecognition.

體裁說明文話題人工智能詞數(shù)277

【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了人工智能。文章首先介紹了什么是人工智能，然后講述了

人工智能在警方破案、面部識(shí)別、支付費(fèi)用以及汽車自動(dòng)駕駛方面的運(yùn)用，最后總結(jié)并展望了未來人工

智能在很多方面可以為人類工作。

42.B詞義猜測(cè)題。由第二段Oncetheycaughtacriminalwhenheattendedaconcert.^^可知當(dāng)罪犯進(jìn)入音

樂會(huì)時(shí)警察就可以抓住他，可猜出identify這里是表辨認(rèn)的意思，故選B。

43.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞facialrecognition定位于第二段，可知該技術(shù)不僅可以用來抓罪犯，也

可以用來付款和識(shí)別司機(jī)身份，即功能是檢驗(yàn)人類的信息，故選D。

44.C推理判斷題。由第四段“inthefuture,moreandmoreservicerobotswillbecomegoodhomehelpers.^^

可知Servicerobots會(huì)在將來出現(xiàn)，故排除A。由第二段可知文中并沒有提到機(jī)器人作網(wǎng)約車司機(jī)，故排

除B.由第三段“AIisalsousedinself-drivingcars,whicharebelievedtobethefutureifdriving可知light

signal技術(shù)也是未來推出,故排除D。由第二段“Asaresult,facialrecognitionisusedalotintheworld...

letpeoplepayforthingswithasmile.^^可知面部識(shí)別技術(shù)已經(jīng)用于付款，故選C。

45.A推理判斷題。通讀全文可知AI可以廣泛運(yùn)用于面部識(shí)別，智能機(jī)器人等多種方面，與A語(yǔ)

意符合，故選A。

6.（2018荷澤B）

Recently,adesignerinHongKonghasinventedaspecialbookthatcantransform（變形）intoapieceof

furniture.ThespecialbookiscalledBookniture.Itcanbeunfoldedtobecomeachairorasmalltable.Peoplecan

eithercarryitaroundforaportable（輕便的）Chairorcanstoreitintheirhomestouseasextrafurniture.

ThebookwasdesignedbyMikeMak.Hecameupwiththeideaafterneverhavingenoughseatsforhis

friendsinhishomeinHongKong.

“1lovehavingfriendsatmyplace,butIhaveneverhadenoughseatsfbreveryone-wewouldalwaysendup

withjustsittingonthefloor.Ireallywantaseatthatdoesn'ttakeupanyfloorspacewhenIdon'tneedit.Oneday,

theemptyspaceonmybookcasedrewmyattention.Thencamethenewidea-Bookniture,furniturehiddenina

book,^^saidthe30-year-olddesigner.

Madefromfully-recyclablekraftpaper（牛皮紙），thebookmeasures33cmby18cm.Itexpands（擴(kuò)大）tO

14timesbiggeronceifsopened,andcansupportupto1,000kgofweight.Itcomesintwocolors,brownand

black,andcanbeboughtforbetween￡55and￡57.

45.Thebookisspecialbecause

A.itcanbeusedasabagtocarrythings

B.Itismadefromrecyclableplastic.

C.Itcantransformintoachairoratable

46.Paragraph3isabout.

A.HowMikecameupwiththeidea

B.WhodesignedBookniture

C.WhatBookniturelookslike

47.WhatinformationcanwelearnaboutBookniturefromthelastparagraph?

①size②color③weight?price⑤material

A.①②③④B.①②④⑤C.②③④⑤

48.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.BooknitureB.FurnitureC.MikeMak

體裁說明文話題科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)詞數(shù)223

【主旨大意】本文是則說明文，主要介紹了香港的一位設(shè)計(jì)師發(fā)明了一本特殊的書，可以把它變成一件家

具。這本特殊的書叫做“Bookniture”。它可以展開成椅子或小桌子，人們可以隨身攜帶一個(gè)便攜式的椅子，

或者可以把它存放在家里用作額外的家具。

45.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題意：這本書很特殊是因?yàn)閛由文章第一段第一句話可知：是因?yàn)樗?/p>

變成家具可推知選C。

46.A【解析】段落大意題。題意：第三段關(guān)于o第三段內(nèi)容主要講述了發(fā)明人Mike發(fā)明Bookniture

的原因和過程，故選A。

47.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題意：從最后一段你能學(xué)到有關(guān)Bookniture的什么信息？由最后一度可知它的

大小、顏色、價(jià)格和材料，…cansupportupto1,000kgofweight是指它能支撐起1000公斤的重量,而不是

它本身的重量。故選B。

48.A【解析】標(biāo)題類主旨大意題。題意：這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？全文都是圍繞新發(fā)明Bookniture展

開的話題，故選A。

7.(2018?資陽(yáng)B)

ACarThatRunsOnWater!

TheRebel600YXishere!

Startingat$19,995

Forgetgasolineengines,theycost$40aweekjustin

fuelandmakeamess.TheRebelYXrunsentirelyontapwater.Getitwetandwatchitgo!Each

enginehasbeentestedtolast100,000milesguaranteed.Savethousandsofdollarsayear.Some

carsmaygetyoutherefaster,buttheRebel600YXgetyoutherecheaper!

WARNING:WaterPoweredVehiclesAreNotYetApprovedForRoadUse

gasoline:汽油engine:引擎fuel:燃料

tapwater:自來水guarantee:保證approve:批準(zhǔn)

51.Theabovetextisa(n).

A.reportB.letterC.adD.notice

52.What'stheadvantageoftheRebel600YX?

A.Itissafer.B.Itrunsfaster.

C.Itcostslessinfuel.D.Ituseslessgasoline.

53.What'sthedisadvantageoftheRebel600YX?

A.It'seasytogetwet.

B.Itcostsmoretobuy.

C.Itlastsashortertime.

D.It'snotyetallowedforroaduse.

體裁說明文話題發(fā)明與技術(shù)I同藪88

【主旨大意】本文主要介紹了用自來水作燃料的新型汽車的基本情況。

51.A推理判斷題。本文主要談?wù)摰氖且环N用自來水作燃料的新型汽車，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)新聞報(bào)道。故選A。

52.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的第二句TheRebelYXrunsentirelyontapwater知“TheRebelYX完全以自來

水作動(dòng)力”；X....buttheRebel600YXgetyoutherecheaper!可知C項(xiàng)與此句描述一致：省錢。故選Co

53.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后的警告WaterPoweredVehiclesAreNotYetApprovedForRoadUse可知，還

未取得上路的批準(zhǔn)是目前的一個(gè)劣勢(shì)。

8.（2018?杭州C）

Bananasaretheperfectsnack.Notonlyaretheysweetanddelicious,buttheyareeasytocarryaround,so

youcantakethemanywhere.Bestofall,bananasprovidedifferentthingsthatthehumanbodyneeds!

Bananasgrowbestinwarmplacesthatgetlotsofrain.Theygrowonplantsthatlookliketrees.Thebanana

plant,however,isconsideredaherbratherthanatreebecauseitdoesn'thaveastrong,woodystem（莖，干）.The

plantscangrowashighas30feet.Whentheyreachtheirfullheight,flowersgrowoutfromthestem.These

flowersproducebananas.

Twoorthreetimeseachyear,theplantsproducefruit.Thebananasgrowtogether,whichseemlike“hands”.

Ahandismadeupof10to20bananas.Growerssometimescallbananas“fingers”.Eachbunch（叢）ofbananas

hasabout15hands,andsoawholebunchmayhaveasmanyas200bananasandcanweighmorethan100

pounds.

Afteraboutthreemonths,thebananasarereadytobepicked.Atthispoint,theystillaren'tthesunnyyellow

colorofbananas.Fannerspickthemwhenthey'regreen.That'showthey'reshippedtostores.Theyturnyellow

alongthewayandarereadytobesold.

Ifyoulovebananas,you'vegotalotofcompany.Americanshavebeenenjoyingbananassincethefirst

shipmentarrivedintheUnitedStatesin1876.Today,Americaneatmorebananasthananyotherfruit.More

bananasaresoldthanapplesandgrapestogether.EveryAmericaneatsover26poundsofbananaseachyear!

23.Thefirstparagraphmainlytalksabout.

A.whypeoplelikebananas

B.howbananastaste

C.whatbananasarerichin

D.wherebananasaretaken

24.Whatisthecorrectorderinwhichthesehappen?

a.Thebananasbegintoturnyellowb.Abananaplantgrowstofullheight.

C.Theflowersproducebananas.d.Thebananasarereadytobepicked.

A.c-b-a-dB.b-c-d-aC.b-c-a-dD.c-b-d-a

25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thebananaplantisakindoftree.

B.Bananaslikegrowinginhotanddryareas.

C.Onebunchofbananasmayweighover100pounds.

D.Thebananaplantusuallyproducesfruitonceayear.

26.WhichisthesecondmostpopularfruitinAmericaaccordingtothebarchart?

A.Apples.B.Grapes.C.Bananas.D.Oranges

體裁|說明文|話題|科普知識(shí)|詞數(shù)|272

【主旨大意】

本文是一篇說明文。主要從香蕉的營(yíng)養(yǎng)、生長(zhǎng)、生產(chǎn)、出售等方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。

23.Ao考查主旨大意題。通過第一段的關(guān)鍵詞“perfect"、“provide”,關(guān)鍵句"notonly...butalso”可知，第一

段主要講的是為什么人們喜歡香蕉。故選Ao

24.Bo考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知，b出現(xiàn)在第二段倒數(shù)第二句，再是c出現(xiàn)在第二段倒數(shù)第一句，

d出現(xiàn)在第四段第一句，最后a出現(xiàn)在第四段最后一句，故B為正確選項(xiàng)。

25.Co考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合文中第二段第三句：thebananaplan,however,isconsideredaherb可排除A

項(xiàng)。結(jié)合文中第二段的第一句：bananasgrowbestinwarmplacesthatgetlotsofrain可排除B項(xiàng)。根

據(jù)第三段第一句twoorthreetimeseachyear排除D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第三段最后一句canweighmorethan100

pounds相符合。故選C。

26.Ao考查細(xì)節(jié)題。此類題目需要結(jié)合表格，尋找題干關(guān)鍵詞，與表格信息對(duì)應(yīng)。題干關(guān)鍵詞"thesecond

mostpopular”對(duì)應(yīng)表格第二高的樹狀圖，定位apples。故選A。

9.（2018?臺(tái)州C）

3Dprintingisbecomingmoreandmo