高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題【備課精講精研+能力拓展提升】閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題課件

閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題二輪復(fù)習(xí)content解題思維導(dǎo)圖01020304選項(xiàng)特征解題技巧詳解高頻同義詞Part01解題思維導(dǎo)圖Part02解題技巧詳解考法1：直接信息題“帶著問(wèn)題找答案”先從題干中提取關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)(題眼)，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句，快速定位該題與哪一段哪一句有關(guān)，然后仔細(xì)推敲，仔細(xì)比較所給選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)微區(qū)別，在準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，最后確定答案。簡(jiǎn)言之，可采用“一找二定三比對(duì)”的方法。做題注意點(diǎn)：1.若針對(duì)特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),舉例子,名人名言出題,只需要閱讀符號(hào)，例子,名言前后的內(nèi)容，然后與選項(xiàng)核對(duì)。2.在出現(xiàn)一些關(guān)鍵詞，如however、but、moreover、therefore、thus時(shí)，要特別注意句子前后意義的轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，因果等關(guān)系。3.細(xì)節(jié)題的答案一般是同義替換項(xiàng)或者同義轉(zhuǎn)換項(xiàng)4.選項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的一般不是答案。如：must,never,themost,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none,等。但不是絕對(duì)，也有例外。5.注意選項(xiàng)中的副詞，形容詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等與原文是否一致。如：must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,likely,all,never，few等存在程度不同，經(jīng)常被偷換，往往被忽視。6.細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：與原文內(nèi)容相反；與原文內(nèi)容一半相符，一半不同；敘述過(guò)于絕對(duì)化；原文沒(méi)有提及.【2022寶山二?！縂ENNYtakesairinandpassesitthroughafiltertoremovedustanddirt.Thefilterispowerfulenoughtoworkeveninareaswithhighairpollution.Theairthenpassesthroughachamberwhereheatingandcoolingcausewatervaporintheairtocondense(凝結(jié)).Thiswateristhenpassedthroughseveralmorefiltersandmineralsareaddedtomakeithealthierandtastebetter.Finally,thewaterisstoredinatankwhereitiscontinuallycirculatedtokeepitfresh.57.WhatdoesGENNYaccomplishbyaddingingredientstothewater?A.Itsatisfieslocalwaterregulations.B.Itimprovestheflavorofthewater.C.Itpreparesthewaterforshipmentabroad.D.Itkeepsthewaterattherighttemperature.考法2：間接信息題該類(lèi)題的特點(diǎn)是試題題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)通常使用同義詞或近義詞甚至反義詞來(lái)替換文中的相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)信息,例如,使用book對(duì)文中的reserve進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換,用lessdifferent對(duì)文中的moreincommon進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換?！?022虹口二?！縉ewanalysisofthesescansrevealedthatactivityinthesameregionsChen’sgrouphadaccuratelypointedoutinmice,theaDCN,appearedtobesignificantlydisturbedinhumanswithPrader-Willisyndrome.Inhealthyindividuals,theaDCNweremoreactiveinresponsetofoodimageswhilefastingthanjustafterameal,butnosuchdifferencewasidentifiableinparticipantswiththedisorder.TheresultsuggestedthattheaDCNwereinvolvedincontrollinghunger.44.Accordingtotheprojectconductedbytheresearchers,________.A.thehealthytesteesweremorelikelytoovereatafterfastingB.foodimagesincreasedtheappetiteofthetesteeswithPrader-WillisyndromeC.theaDCNinthehealthytesteesrespondedtofoodimagesmoreactivelyafterfastingD.theaDCNinthetesteeswithPrader-Willisyndromemadenoresponsetofoodimages考法3：數(shù)字計(jì)算題此類(lèi)題要求考生對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)信息,尤其是年齡、時(shí)間、數(shù)量等數(shù)字信息進(jìn)行加工,但此類(lèi)試題的重點(diǎn)不在于計(jì)算,而在于考查考生對(duì)具體信息的處理能力,故試題設(shè)置的計(jì)算一般比較簡(jiǎn)單?！?022徐匯二模】Sofar,theworldhasreliedonwood,oil,coal,andnaturalgastoproduceenergyforheating,lighting,transportation,andmanufacturing.Sincethe1950s,worldconsumptionhasbeenincreasingpersistently.Intheyear2000,80percentofcommercialenergywasgeneratedfromthecombustionoffossilfuels,andeveryday,50millionbarrelsofoilarereined(支配)andconvertedtogasolineandotherfuels.Inadditiontotherapidexhaustionoffossilfuels,theconsequencesofhighconsumptionratesarepollutionandglobalwarming.64.Howlonghastheworldbeeninhighspeedofburningfossilfuelforenergy?A.Forhalfacentury.B.Fornearlysixtyyears.C.Forover70years.D.Formorethanacentury.考法4：信息綜合類(lèi)為了增加細(xì)節(jié)理解題的難度,命題人有時(shí)候也會(huì)從考查考生信息綜合能力的角度來(lái)命題,雖然各細(xì)節(jié)信息在文章中都能找到,但需要考生進(jìn)行綜合分析之后,才能得出答案。Part03選項(xiàng)特征正確選項(xiàng)特征同義替換指對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換。如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutofwork。有些細(xì)節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important變換成ofimportance；改變?cè)闹芯渥拥恼Z(yǔ)態(tài)，如主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。信息歸納用精煉的語(yǔ)言來(lái)概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確答案。正話(huà)反說(shuō)把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。原文原詞利用原文原詞作為正確選項(xiàng)。干擾選項(xiàng)特征張冠李戴是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。無(wú)中生有符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。曲解文意與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動(dòng)。顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。正誤參半部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。Part04高頻同義詞高頻動(dòng)詞：book=reserve=orderconduct=carryoutplease=amuse=entertainimprove=promoteguarantee=ensuredocument=recordpreserve=protectruin=destroy=damage=violatedeclare=announce=informdivide=separate=partwith高頻動(dòng)詞：complete=fulfill=accomplish=achievedelay=putoff=postponegive=supply=provide=offerignore=turnone’sbacktooveruse=abuseencourage=motivate=stimulate=spurreject=refuse=turn

down=declinereceive=acceptsee=observe=notice=spotsearch=explore高頻動(dòng)詞：connect=link=relate=associateexplode=blowoutdiscourage=frustraterent=hireprove=turnoutremove=getridofadmire=appreciatepossess=owndecide=determine=resolvetodoget=obtain=acquire=gain=possess高頻名詞：data=statisticsnovel=fictionfeature=characteristicscareer=occupationmanners=etiquettegratitude=appreciationexperiement=trialpersonality=characterstress=pressureorigin=pioneer高頻名詞：circumstance=environment=atmosphereopportunity=chancecreation=innovationcomment=remark=review(makeacommenton)achievement=recognitionoption=choice=selectionmaterial=resourceluggage=baggage=packagerule=regulation=principle高頻名詞：direction=discipline=guidelinecolleague=coworkeressay=passage=article=textapproach=way=method=means高頻形容詞、副詞：delicious=tastyattentive=focusedoriginal=initialfinal=eventualobvious=evident=Strikingaccurate=exactoutstanding=brilliant=excellent=remarkable=distinctiveauthentic=true=genuinethrilling=frighteningthrilled=excited高頻形容詞、副詞：average=ordinary=common=universaltime-honored=hasalonghistorydull=boringdaring=braveextra=additionalglad=pleased=delightedtouched=movedsignificant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementaryaccessible=available=athandappropriate=proper=suitable高頻形容詞、副詞：appealing=attractiveimmediately=quickly=atonce=intime=hurriedly(hurry)rarely=hardly=seldomapproximately=about=nearly=almost=practicallycomplex=complicatedsafe=secure高頻短語(yǔ)：aheadoftime=inadvance=previousplacesofinterest=touristattractionresultin=leadto=contributetobeaccustomedto=beusedtodoingmeet/satisfy/fulfillone’sdemand/requirement/needprevent...from=keep...from=stop...fromjoinin=takepartin=participatein=involvein=beengagedingetreadyfor=bepreparedforfocuson=concentrateontransformAintoB=turnAintoB高頻短語(yǔ)：inthelongterm=inthelongrunin...sense=inaway=tosomedegree=atsomepointholdonto=insisttakeaction=takemeasures=takestepstokeepintouchwith=contactinsomerespect=tosomedegree=atsomepointdealwith=copewith=handlewith=addressatthesametime=meanwhileonthespot=onthescenebeproudof=takepridein高頻短語(yǔ)：asamatteroffact=infact=totellyouthetruthheadinto=leaveforarriveat=reach=getto=approachinspiteof=despite