新目標(biāo)英語九年級(jí)期末復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

英語九年級(jí)期末復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)1.Istudybyworkingwithagroup.(P2)by用法小結(jié)：在……旁邊(near)Willyousitdownherebythewindow?在……之前Ihavetogobackbyteno’clock.BythetimeIwenthome,mymomhadcookedlunch.借助于……，用……Igotoschoolbybus.IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.2.dealwith(P8)Howwillyoudealwiththisproblem?Whatwillyoudowiththisproblem?3.Iusedtobeafraidofthedark.（P10）4.usedtodosth.過去常常……be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于……beafraidof=beterrifiedof5.Sixteen-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtogettheirearspierced.（P18）●sixteen-year-olds=sixteen-year-oldteenagers●gettheirearspiercedget/havesth.done6.Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollars?(P26)●具體數(shù)字/several+hundred/thousand/million/billionhundreds/thousands/millions/billionsof●虛擬語氣：主語+would/should/could+V原if+主語+過去時(shí)態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞用were）7.ItmustbelongtoCarla.(P34)belongtosb.=besb’s8.She’sworriedbecauseofhertest.(P36)●becauseof+短語because+句子（主語+謂語）●beworriedabout=worryabout擔(dān)心……9.Theremustbesomethingvisitingthehomesinourneighborhood.(P38)●Therebe…doingsth.Therebe句型中不能再有have/has●mustbe一定10.I’llhelpcleanupthecityparks.(P60)動(dòng)詞+副詞，代詞放中間：cheerup,setup,putup,fixup,cutup,cleanup,giveup,pickup,lookup,mixup,useup,eatup,giveout,workout,hangout,handout,cleanout,turnon,turnoff,turndown,turnup,takeoff,putoff,puton,giveaway,putaway,thinkover,lookover11.It’susedforseeinginthedark.(P69)beusedby被……使用beusedfordoingsth.=beusedtodosth.被用來做……beusedas把……用作……12.Ionlyjustmadeittomyclass.(P78)我剛好到達(dá)教室?！駇akeit辦成功，做到，趕到Ithinkwe’lljustmakeit.●及時(shí)到達(dá)；趕上Thetrainleavesinfiveminutes,we’llnevermakeit!●約定（時(shí)間）Asforournextmeeting,let’smakeitthedayaftertomorrow.13.Attimesanadcanleadyoutobuysomethingyoudon’tneedatall.(p106)●attimes=sometimes有時(shí)sometime某時(shí)sometimes幾次，幾倍sometime一段時(shí)間●leadsb.todosth.縱容/引誘/引導(dǎo)某人做某事Heledustohishome.Youleadandwe’llfollow.14.Iprefertoreceiveagiftthathassomethoughtbehindit.(P108)prefertodosth.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.15.Thewallsaremadefromoldglassbottlesthataregluedtogether.(P122)bemadefrom……由……制成（看不出原料）bemadeof……由……制成（能看出原料）注意：takeplace和happen都是表示“發(fā)生”的意思，都沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。它們的區(qū)別是：happentosb.某人發(fā)生了某事happentodosth.碰巧發(fā)生了某事happen:一切客觀事情或情況的偶然或未能預(yù)見地發(fā)生takeplace:發(fā)生事先計(jì)劃或預(yù)想到的事物.(歷史上的事件，集會(huì)等先布置而后發(fā)生或舉行的事情，不用于地震等自然現(xiàn)象)九年級(jí)英語上期期末復(fù)習(xí)（Unit1-12）Unit1一、Hestudiesbyaskingtheteacherforhelpby以…方式，靠+n/doingIwenttoschoolbybus/train/subway/bike/plane/boat….二、thebestwaytodosth做某事的最好方法三、JoiningtheEnglishclubwasthebestwaytoimproveourEnglish.動(dòng)名詞作主語+V三單四、havetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtime+doingsth做某事很困難五、laughatsb.嘲笑某人六、last(持續(xù))+一段時(shí)間Therainlastedfor6hoursyesterday.七、regard…..as……=consider….as…..=treat……as…….把…..當(dāng)成……八、complaintosbaboutdoingsth抱怨某人做某事九、except/besidesexcept除…以外….Allthestudentswenttothezooexceptmebesides除….以外（包括在內(nèi)）Ihavefewfriendsbesidesyou.十、assoonas….一….就……（條件狀語從句，主將從現(xiàn)）I’llcallyouassoonasIgetthere.十一、if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)“是否”if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句“假如，如果”，主句為將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Idon’tknowifitwillrain,ifitrains,Iwon’tgoout.賓從條從Unit2一、1）usedtodosth過去常常做某事Heusedtodohomeworkuntil10pm.2）beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事I’musedtogettingupearly.Sheisusedtolivingalone.3）beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth被用于做某事Knifeisusedtocutthings=Knifeisusedforcuttingthings.二、afford買得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起（…的費(fèi)用）Ican’taffordanewcar.affordtodosth負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事三、getintroublewith與….發(fā)生糾紛bepatientwithsbofsth在某事上對(duì)某人很耐心四、beproudof=takepridein+n/doing對(duì)…..感到驕傲五、It‘stime(forsb)todosth/It’stimeforsth是（某人）該做某事的時(shí)候了Unit3一、beallowedtodosth被允許做某事allowsbtodosth允許某人做某事allowtodosth允許做某事二、(1)insteadof+n/pre/vingSheprefersmilkinsteadof(=ratherthan)coffee.We’dliketogosightseeinginsteadofstayingathome.(2)instead相反的、代替。常放句末。Idon’tlikeswimming,Ilikeplayinggamesinstead.三、Sodowe我也是So+助、be、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語“某人也一樣”Ihavetodomyhomework.Sodoeshe.Nor/neither助、be、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語“某人也不”Marydidn’tgotothepartylastnight.Neither/nordidI.四、I’mnotallowedtogetmyearspierced.Getsthdone/havesthdone這事兒不是主語做的，而是找別人做的。Mybikebrokedown,I’llhaveitrepaired.我的自行車壞了，我得找人修理。五、bestrictwithsb對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格bestrictinsth在某方面很嚴(yán)格六、becomfortabletodosth做某事很方便七、begoodfor對(duì)…..有好處。Vegetableandfruitaregoodforyourhealth.begoodat=dowellin+n/pre/doing擅長(zhǎng)….Heisgoodatswimmingbegoodto=befriendlyto對(duì)…..很友善。八、haveanopportunitytodosth有機(jī)會(huì)做某事。九、語法：不定代詞(1)some/any均為“一些”，+可、不可數(shù)名詞；some一般用于肯定，any多用于否定或疑問句。但在疑問句中，當(dāng)表示說話人希望得到肯定回答或表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、建議時(shí)應(yīng)用some.---Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?---Yes,please./No,thanks(2)many/muchmany+可數(shù)名詞;much+不可數(shù)名詞;都可與so,too,as,how搭配。either/neithereither指兩者其一neither指兩者都不either…..or…..不是…就是….neither…..nor…..既不…也不……十、other,theother,others,theothers,anotherother別的、其他的theother兩者中另一個(gè)one……..,theother……..一個(gè)…另一個(gè)……others泛指別的人或物=other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞some……,others…..一些…..另一些…..theothers特指其余剩下的人或物some…..,theothers……一些…..，其余的……another任何一個(gè)，另一個(gè)。（指三者以上中的任何一個(gè)）十一、getinthewayof…….妨礙…..十二、On….team.在…隊(duì)里Heisontheschoolsoccerteam.十三、happen出乎意料的發(fā)生takeplace有計(jì)劃的發(fā)生兩者都沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)Thisaccidenthastakenplacefor5years.十四、beseriousabout+n/pre/doing對(duì)….很認(rèn)真十五、succeed(in)doingsth成功地做某事successn.successfuladjUnit4一、數(shù)詞+hundred/thousand/million/billion幾百/千/百萬/十億hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of成百的/千的/百萬的/十億的二、辨析bring/take/fetch/carry三、IfIwereyou,I’dwearashirtandtie.IfIhadamilliondollars,I’dbuyabighouse.If的用法：在含有非真實(shí)條件句的復(fù)合句中，表示一種假設(shè)，需用虛擬語氣，對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，條件從句中用一般過去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞勇were）,主句用would/should/could+V原Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.如果假設(shè)情況可能發(fā)生，句子用陳述語氣，條件從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來時(shí)。Ifhecomes,I’llbringhimapresent.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’thaveapicnic.四、invitesbtosomewhere.invitesbtodosth五、辨析borrow/lend/keepborrow…from….（主語）借進(jìn)Iborrowedbooksfromschoollibrary.lend…..to…..（主語）借出Couldyoulendyourdictionarytome?keep借并保存一段時(shí)間（常用于完成時(shí)for,since與搭配，代替borrow）I’vekeptthisstorybookforamonth,andIdidn’treturnit.六、許多。(1)alotof,lotsof,some,plentyof既可修飾可數(shù),也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。(2)anumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+V復(fù)“大量的”Anumberoftreesarecutdown.(3)thenumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+V三單“..的數(shù)量”Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis52.(4)amountof,much,alittle,little,abitof,adealof+不可數(shù)名詞+V三單(5)many,afew,few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+V復(fù)七、(rather)than其后動(dòng)詞的形式，與前面動(dòng)詞的形式保持一致。Ilikesingingthandancing.寧愿做…而不愿做…..1）wouldratherdosththandosth.2）wouldliketodosth,thandosth3）prefertodosthratherthandosth4）preferdoingtodoing八、害怕做某事beafraidofdoingsth=beterrifiedofdoingsth=bescaredofdoingsthbeafraidtodosth九、win贏得比賽、演講、地位、榮譽(yù)beat擊敗某人、某隊(duì)十、辨別noise噪音Don’tmakeanynoise!voice人的嗓音Hehasagoodvoice.sound泛指各種聲音Thesoundofcaristooloud.十一、tastev.品嘗，嘗起來n.味道，品味系動(dòng)詞taste,smell,look,sound,feel+adj十二、語法。Givesbsth=givesthtosb這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有：（加to的）give,show,send,bring,pass,lend,tell（加for的）make,buy,do,have,cook,find,singEg:Iboughtagiftforher.=IboughtheragiftShelentmeabook=Shelentabooktome.Unit5一、--Whosebookisthis?--Itmust/might/can’t/couldbesb’sbelongtosb.二、It’s+adj+that….It’snecessary/clear/important……that….It’s+adj+todosthit’simportant/necessarytoworkhard.find/think+it+adj+todosth.IfounditdifficulttorememberEnglishwords.三、對(duì)…感到擔(dān)心。beanxious/worriedabout…worryabout渴望做某事beanxioustodosth四、Hecouldberunningforexercise.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+doingsth（表示猜測(cè)可能正在做某事）五、sthhappentosb某人碰巧遇到某事Whenhewalkedacrosstheroad,thecaraccidenthappenedtohim.六、太….muchtoo+adj太多….toomuch+不可數(shù)ntoomany+可數(shù)nUnit6一、prefersthtosthIpreferfishtomeat.prefertodosth…ratherthandosth.=wouldratherdosththandosthTheyprefertostayathomeratherthangoout.preferdoingtodoingJimprefersreadingtoplayinggames.二、play+運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類、消遣playbasketball/soccer/volleyball/tennis/ping-pong/baseball/chessplay+the+樂器playtheguitar/violin/piano/trumpet/drums三、go+運(yùn)動(dòng)ing:goshopping/fishing/sightseeing/cooking四、aloudloudloudlyaloud指讀書readaloud.loud,loudly可互換，但loud可作adj,loudly卻不能。五、使….想起….提醒（某人）remindsbremindsbofsthThephotosremindedmeofmyschooldays.remindsbtodosthCanyouremindmetowakehimupat6:25.六、though/although和but不能連用Mygrandfatheris100yearsold,butheisveryhealth.=Thoughmygrandfatheris100yearsold,heisveryhealth.because和so也不能連用七、famous=well-knownbefamousforMartinisfamousforwritingstory.befamousasSheisfamousasascientist.befamoustoTheGreatWallisfamoustotheworld.八、afew+可數(shù)名詞（表肯定）一些alittle+不可數(shù)名詞（表肯定）一些few（表否定）幾乎沒有l(wèi)ittle（表否定）幾乎沒有九、because+句子becauseof+名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞短語Hestoppedplayingsoccerbecausehehadaheadache.Hestoppedplayingsoccerbecauseofhisheadache.十、expecttodosth=hopetodosth=wishtodosth.十一、haveagreattime=havefun=enjoyoneself.Unit7一、辨析relaxed/relaxingtired/tiringfascinated/fascinatingexcited/excitingfrustrated/frustratingdisappointed/disappointingsurprised/surprisingamazed/amazinginterested/interesting（加ed的修飾人“感到。。。的”；加ing的修飾物“令人。。。的”）eg:Shewassurprisedtoreadthissurprisingnews.相關(guān)短語：beexcitedatbedisappointedatbesurprisedat/todosthbeinterestedin=takaaninterestin+n/Ving二、旅行。trek徒步跋涉trektroughthejungle/forest/mountaintravel泛指旅行travelaroundtheworld.trip短途旅行haveatrip.TriptoChengdu.三、想要、愿意做某事wouldliketodosth=wanttodosth.---Wherewouldyouliketogo?---I’dliketovisitsomewherewarm.四、辨析crossthroughoverpast(1)cross從表面上通過walkcrossthestreet/bridge/river….(2)through從空間通過gothroughtheforest/jungle/crowed…(3)over從上方跨過jumpoverthewall(4)past從旁邊經(jīng)過Hewalkedpastthewindowwhenwewerehavingclass.五、hope/wish(1)hopetodosthhope+從句(2)wishtodosthwishsbtodosthwish+從句六、I’dliketogosomewhererelaxing.adj放不定代詞后修飾不定代詞。七、Whynot+V原…..?=Whydon’tyou+V原….?Let’s+V原八、consider考慮、認(rèn)為considerdoingsth/+how(what)+todosth/+名詞、從句eg:We’reconsideringvisitingParisforholiday.Hehasneverconsideredhowtosolvetheproblem.Allofyoushouldconsiderthefeelingofthepeople.Doyouconsider（認(rèn)為）thatwecanfinishtheprojectontime?九、oneof+adj最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+V三單OneofthehighestsightsinParisisEiffelTower.十、辨析include/includingOurschoolincludestwoparts:PrimaryandMiddleSchool.Ilikeallsportsincludingplayingsoccer.十一、travelingaroundPingaroundParisbytaxi動(dòng)名詞做主語+V三單oneofthecheapestwaystovisitParisistakingtheundergroundtrain.動(dòng)名詞作表語從句的主語十二、辨析costspendpaytakeSthcosts(cost)……TheTVcostme500dollars.Sbspend(spent)…..onsth/doingsthIspent500dollarsontheTV.Ispent500dollarsbuyingtheTV.Sbpay(paid)….For…Ipaid500dollarsfortheTV.Ittakes(took)sb…..todosth.Ittookme500dollarstobuytheTV.十三、unless=ifnot條件狀語從句，由if,unless引導(dǎo)。（主將從現(xiàn)，主過從過）Ifitdoesn’train,we’llgofishing.Unlessyouseeadoctor,youshouldn’ttakethemedicine.十四、提供。(1)providesbwithsth=providesthforsb.Hetriedtofindajobtoprovidehisfamilywithfood.Hetriedtofindajobtoprovidefoodforhisfamily.offersbsth=offersthtosb.Sheofferedmoneytothepoorchildren.offertodosth自愿做某事十五、mind,finish,keep,bebusy,feellike,practice,havefun,enjoy,havetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtime,permit,spend,beworth,keepon,keep,beusedto,continue,giveup,putoff,endup,payattentionto,lookforwardto,consider,suggest,can’thelp,miss+doingsthfeel,hear,see,find,watch,noticesbdosth（做過）doingsth（正在做）十六、辨析stoptodo/stopdoingremembertodo/rememberdoingforgettodo/forgetdoingtrytodo/trydoinggoontodo/goondoingallowtodo/allowdoing十七、在介詞后（in,at,after,on,to,for,of,by,against,with,without,after,before,）如果要用動(dòng)詞，只能用v-ingIstudyforatestbyworkingwithgroups.十八、enough的用法adj/adv+enough足夠。。。樣enough+n足夠的。。。十九、語法：主謂一致。1.當(dāng)and或both…and…連接兩個(gè)或三個(gè)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。BothyouandIaregoodfriends.2.不定代詞作主語+V三單(either,neither,each,theother,another,any/every/no/some引導(dǎo)的不定代詞)Everyoneisgoingtobeachtomorrow.3.由each,every引導(dǎo)的作主語，指同一個(gè)人時(shí)，+V三單Eachboyandgirlwasgivenagift.4.主語后有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,morethan,including,besides,like,except,but.謂語動(dòng)詞由前面的主語決定.MrLiwithhiswifeandchildreniscomingnextweek.Tombesideshisfriendsplaysvolleyballeveryafternoon.5.either…or….neither…nor…notonly…butalso…連接兩個(gè)主語，謂語動(dòng)詞有靠近它的主語決定，即就近原則。NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.Eitheryouorheisright.6.therebe句型的be動(dòng)詞由靠近它的主語決定，即就近原則。Thereisatableandmanydesksintheroom.7.oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+V三單oneofthewomenisfromAmerica.二十、dreamofdoingsthachieve/cometrueIbelieveIwillachievemydreamoneday.=Ibelievemydreamwillcometrueoneday.二十一、receive/acceptI’vereceivedherinvitationtotheparty,butIdidn’tacceptit,becauseI’mbusy.二十二、辨析sothatso…..that….such….That…1)sothat=inorderthatheworkshardsothathecanmakemoremoney.2)such修飾強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞。such+a/an+adj+n+that從句Maryissuchayounggirlthatshecan’tgotoschool.such+adj+不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that從句3)so修飾強(qiáng)調(diào)adj或adv.so+adj/adv+that從句Heissocleverthathecanworkoutalltheproblems.4）當(dāng)名詞由many,much,few,little修飾時(shí)，只能用sosomany/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that從句somuch/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句TherearesomuchtimethatIcanplaywithfriends.5)too…to…=not…enoughto….=so…..that….二十三、短語。bewillingtodosthbesimilartoitseemsthat…seemtodosthholdonto..accordingto二十四、定語從句（詳見Unit6-7）1）一般情況下，that可指人，也可指物，可代替who,whom,which;但不能和介詞搭配。Which指物who,whom,whose指人where指某地when指某時(shí)Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’health.Iliketheplaceswherepeoplearefriendly.2）掌握that的幾種特殊用法（詳見書上）3）掌握whom,which與介詞的用法Units8-12volunteerone’stimetodosth自愿花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事makeaplantodosth=plantodosth計(jì)劃或某事takeafter=besimilarto和….相似repair=fixup修理thankyou(thanks)fordoingsthlke表舉例時(shí)“像….”其后如果跟動(dòng)詞必須用doingbe(get)usedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事usedtodosth過去常常做某事beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth（某物）被用于做某事辨析bring,take,carry,fetchbring拿來take帶走carry攜帶，搭乘，運(yùn)載，抬fetch取回adj/adv+enough足夠…..enough+n足夠的….divide…..into…..把….劃分成…十一、thepopularityofbasketballhasrisenworldwide.popularity人口+V三單十二、thenumberof(…..的數(shù)量)+V三單anumberof(大量的)+V復(fù)數(shù)十三、dreamofdoingsth夢(mèng)想做某事十四、happen=takeplace(沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài))十五、辨析forgettodosth忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth忘記做過某事leave(left)sthsomewhere把（某物）忘在某地lose–lost--lost丟失十六、到達(dá)arriveat/in+地點(diǎn)getto+地點(diǎn)reach+地點(diǎn)注明：如果后面不跟地點(diǎn)只能用arrive十七、ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)intime按時(shí)十八、wakeup醒來wake–woke–wakenhangout閑逛十九、wait(for)sbtodosth等待某人做某事二十、invitesbtodosth邀請(qǐng)某人做某事invitesbtosomewhere邀請(qǐng)某人去某地二十一、辨析embarrassed/embarrassing二十二、showup出現(xiàn)、出席stayup熬夜二十三、dressup裝扮、打扮dresssb(in)給（某人）穿衣服wear穿著、戴著（表狀態(tài)）puton穿上（表動(dòng)作）二十四、hundredsof數(shù)百的、thousandsof數(shù)千的、millionsof數(shù)百萬的、billionsof數(shù)十億的。數(shù)詞+hundred/thousand/million/billion幾百、幾千、幾百萬、幾十億二十五、marrysb嫁給（某人）getmarried和（某人）結(jié)婚二十六、sellout賣完sell–sold–sold二十七、therebe句型中的be動(dòng)詞用is還是are，取決于靠近它的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。二十八、問路方式：Couldyoutellme(Doyouknow)howtogetto……?Couldyoutellmethewayto….?CouldyoutellmewhereIcan(dosth)..?Couldyoutellmewhere….is?Couldyoutellmeifthereis/are…..aroundhere?二十九、beinterestedin=takeaninterestin+n/doing三十、寧愿做某事，而不愿做某事。prefertodosthratherthandosthwouldratherdosththandosthpreferdoingtodoingsth注：(rather)than后面的動(dòng)詞形式與前面的并列成分一致。三十一、lookfor尋找ind找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)findout查明、弄清楚三十二、beconvenienttodosth方便做某事三十三、havefun=haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得高興havefundoingsth做某事很愉快三十四、agoodplacetodosth做某事的好地方三十五、dressupas….打扮成三十五、when（一般后跟過去時(shí)）while（一般后跟進(jìn)行時(shí)）三十六、it’snecessarytodosth做某事很有必要三十七、borrow…..from….向….借….lendsthtosb借給某人某物.keep借并保存一定時(shí)間.常與一段時(shí)間連用。I’vekeptthisbookforaweek.我已經(jīng)借了這本書一周了三十八、wonder=wanttoknow想知道三十九、trouble打擾、麻煩havetrouble/difficult/problem/ahardtime+doingsth做某事很困難四十、inorderto……為了…..Inordernottobelate,herushtothebusstop.四十一、besupposedtodosth（不）應(yīng)該做某事..四十二、dropby順便拜訪四十三、afterall畢竟撿起，挑選pickup指著pointatmakeanoise制造噪音沿著….一直走….walkdown…四十四、make的用法make+adjmakesbdosth(hear,watch,see,have等用法相同)（但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其后加toMymothermademetowork5hours.Iwasmadetowork5hours.四十五、makemistake犯錯(cuò)四十六、辨析except/besidesexcept（除…..之外）EveryonewenttothebeachexceptJim.besides（除….之外，包括在內(nèi)）IhavealotoffriendsbesidesMary.四十七、find(think)it+adj+todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)、認(rèn)為做某事是……四十八、不再…..not……anymore(anylonger)=nomore(nolonger)語法專項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞的分類和時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語。動(dòng)詞+介詞lookat,listento,lookafter,lookfor,waitfor,takeafter,dependon,thinkof,handin,hearfrom,hearof,studyfor等，此類動(dòng)詞后的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都只能放在介詞后。Lookattheblackboard.Lookafteritcarefully.動(dòng)詞+副詞turnoff,turnon,turnup,turndown,pickup,setup,cheerup,cleanup,workout,putup,fixup,cutup,giveout,giveup,giveaway,putaway,thinkover,putoff,useup,handout,mixup,lookup,eatup等.此類動(dòng)詞后的賓語是名詞時(shí),放在副詞前后都可,若是代詞,必須放在中間.Heturnoffthelightwhenheleft.Hepickeditupandgiveittome.⑶其他動(dòng)詞短語：getalongwith,takepridein,payattentionto,makegooduseof,beproudof,keepawayfrom,bebusywith,bemadeof,begoodat,beinterestedin,comeupwith,besatisfiedwith三、非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come等。不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，要用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞替換。（詳見現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）四、系動(dòng)詞。be,become,get,look,seem,turn,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep五、助動(dòng)詞。be,have,has,do,does,did,will,shall(詳見P54)Ⅰ、動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式(詳見P55)Ⅱ、用法：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+V原+其他。Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.主語（三單）+V三單Sheplaystennisonceaweek.疑問句：Do+主語+V原……？Does+主語（三單）+V原……？否定句：主語+don’t+V原.主語（三單）+doesn’t+V原.用法：=1\*GB2⑴表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。⑵表示客觀真理、事實(shí)。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.⑶在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。(if,assoonas,until,when)Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgotothepark.WhenIgrowup,I’llgotoParis.時(shí)間狀語：Always,often,sometimes,usually,onSunday,onMondayafternoon,everyday/month/year/week,inthemorning,onceayear,twiceaday,threetimesaday等⑵一般過去時(shí)。⑴表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Igotuplatethismorning.⑵表示過去的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。WhenIwasinthecountryside.Ioftenswamintheriver.Iusedtogofishing.2、結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語+V過去+其他。Wevisitedthemuseumlastweek.MyfriendTomwenttothebeachyesterday.疑問句：Did+主語+V原……？Didyougoshoppingwithhim?Didshecookdinnerforherfamily?否定句：主語+didn’t+V原……Hedidn’tgotoseethemovielastSunday.3、動(dòng)詞的規(guī)則變化。4、時(shí)間狀語：Yesterday,lastnight/week/year/month,lastSunday,in1995,theotherday,justnow,ago等⑶一般將來時(shí)。用法。表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：will+V原肯定句：TheywillleaveforShanghainextweek.否定句：Wewon’tvisithimtomorrow.疑問句：WillyougotoShanghaiintwoweeks?(注：當(dāng)主語為I或we時(shí)，問句中可用shall)whereshallwemeettomorrow?begoingto+V原表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事。---whatareyougoingtodonextSunday?---Iamgoingtolistentomusic.Lookattheclouds,thereisgoingtorain.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be+Ving有時(shí)可以表示將來。常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞：go,come,leave,stay,start,arriveWe’releavingforLondon.（4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1、構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語+is/am/are+ving疑問句：Is/Am/Are+主語+ving否定句：主語+isn’t/amnot/aren’t+ving用法：表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作I’mreadingbooknow.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Theyarestudyinghardthisterm.時(shí)間狀語now,thesedays,當(dāng)句中有l(wèi)ook,listen,can’tyousee,canyousee時(shí)Listen!Heissinging.(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1、already/yet已經(jīng)already一般用于肯定，與完成時(shí)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，也可以用于疑問句，表驚訝。Ihavealreadyfinishedmywork.yet一般用于否定或疑問句。Hasshegonetoschoolyet?Hisparentshaven’tbeentoParisyet.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，常與for,since連用.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作才剛結(jié)束，但影響還在。Ihavelostmypen.(結(jié)果是我的筆丟失了，我現(xiàn)在沒有鋼筆了)--haveyoufoundyourwatchyet?--No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.Ihavelivedherefor10years.我已經(jīng)在這里住了10年（可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)住下去）3、結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語+have/has+V過分疑問句：Have/Has+主語+V過分否定句：主語+haven’t/hasn’t+V過分4、時(shí)間狀語yet,already,recently,just,once,never,ever,sofar,thesedays.since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過去時(shí)態(tài)for+一段時(shí)間inthelast(past)+一段時(shí)間5、延續(xù)和非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，有些動(dòng)詞不能與一段時(shí)間搭配，所以在與for,since引導(dǎo)的肯定句搭配時(shí)，要用其他動(dòng)詞替代：buy---haveborrow---keepdie---bedeadgo/leave/move---beaway(from)begin/start---beonfallasleep---beasleepfinish/end---beoverjoin---bein/bea+名詞come---behereopen---beopenclose---beclosedI’velefttheschoolfor3years.()I’vebeenawayfromtheschoolfor3years.()6、辨析have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,havehasbeeninhave/hasbeento…曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來IhavebeentoParis3times.have/hasgoneto…去了某地，現(xiàn)在還沒回來，可能還在路上。--whereisyourfather?---hehasgonetoShanghai.have/hasbeenin…已經(jīng)在某地（呆了多久）MyfamilyhavebeeninChengdufor20years(6)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1、結(jié)構(gòu)was/were+doing2、用法①表示過去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作---whatwereyoudoingat9:30lastnight?---IwaswatchingTV.3、when一般接一般過去時(shí)Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmyfathercamehome.while一般接進(jìn)行時(shí)Whilemymotherwascleaning,Iwentout.Hewasplayingbasketballwhileshewasreadingbooks.（7）過去完成時(shí)1、過去完成時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間以前好或過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作以前，已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（過去的過去）WhenIgottoschool,IrealizedIhadleftmybackpackathone.Bythetimeshegottoclass,theteacherhadstartedteaching.2、結(jié)構(gòu)：had+V過分3、時(shí)間狀語：bythetime+表示過去的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用過去完成時(shí)。Bythetimewearrivedattheshop,thebushadleft.動(dòng)詞、短語辨析1、dress,puton,weardresssb/oneself(in)給某人穿衣。Shedressedherbabyinaredskirt.dressup打扮、裝扮Thegirldressedherselfupantwenttotheparty.Puton（動(dòng)作）穿上It’scoldoutside,putonyourcoat.wear=bein穿著、戴著LilywearsT-shirteveryday.=LilyisinT-shirteveryday.2、arrive,get,reacharrive+at/in+地點(diǎn)WhendidyouarriveinChengdu?getto+地點(diǎn)Howdoyougettoschool?reach+地點(diǎn)Whenshereachedthesupermarket,hermotherisshopping.3、die,dead,death,dyingdie（動(dòng)詞）死亡→（過去時(shí)）diedHisfrienddied3yearsago.dead（die的過去分詞，用于完成時(shí)，與for,since搭配）Hisfriendhasbeendeadfor3years.death（名詞）死亡Hisdeathistheloss（損失）ofChina.dying垂死的Thepoormanisdying.lose,forget,leavelose丟失、失去forget忘記forgettodosth/forgetdoingsthleave+地點(diǎn)“把某物落在某地）以must開頭的疑問句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t---MustIfinishtheworktoday?---No,youneedn’t.---MayIcomein?---No,youmusn’t.非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to+V原/notto+V原用法①作主語+V三單TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.②作表語Myjobistocleantheroom.③作賓語Helikestoplaysoccer.④作賓語補(bǔ)足語Sheaskedmenottospeakloudly.⑤作定語Haveyougotanythingtoeat?⑥作狀語IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）注：作賓語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加介詞。Idon’thaveenoughtimetostudyforthetest,soIhavesomethingtoworryabout.Ineedaroomtolivein不定式作賓語：want,refuse,wish,need,choose,hope,agree,wouldlike,offer,expect,decide,ask+todosthIhopetofindagoodjobaftergraduatingfromschool.不定式作賓補(bǔ)：tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage+sb(not)todosthMymotherasksmenottoplaycomputergamesbeforefinishinghomework.不帶to的不定式:whynot+do…?Hadbetter(not)dosth.Wouldbetter(not)do…Could/Would/Willyou(not)do…..?另外，有些感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞也不帶to:Hear,see,watch,notice,feel,let,make,have+sb(not)do….但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，要加toThebossmadethemworkthewholeday.Theyweremadetoworkthewholeday.（被動(dòng)）感嘆句（一）what引導(dǎo)1、what+a/an+adj+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!2、what+adj+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語Whatsweetwateritis!（二）how引導(dǎo)How+adj/adv+主語+謂語Howinterestingthefilmis!（三）如何判斷用what還是how凡是有a/an開頭，多用what；凡是adj直接加名詞的，多用what，其他一般用how.狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句when,while,as,before,after,since,until,assoonas.當(dāng)主語是一般將來時(shí)或祈使句或有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，“主將從現(xiàn)”I’llringyouassoonasIgettoschool.我一到學(xué)校就打電話給你?？隙ň洌簎ntil=till直到I’llwaitforyouuntilyoucomeback.否定句：until=beforenot….until直到….才……Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.。二、條件狀語從句if,aslongas（只要）,unless（除非）主將從現(xiàn)I’llvisityouifitdoesn’traintomorrow.Useyourhead,andyou’llfindaway.Unlessyouworkhard,you’llgetagoodjob.Ifthetrafficlightsaregreen,youcancrossthestreet.賓語從句一、賓語從句的語態(tài)。賓語從句要用陳述語態(tài)---Doyouknow______forShanghailastnight?A.whattimeheleavesB.whattimedidheleaveC.whattimeheleft.二、主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。1、如果主句用現(xiàn)在的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，賓語從句視實(shí)際情況而定。Iwonderifyoucanhelpme.我想知道你是否能幫我。2、主過---從過HetoldmethathewouldtakepartinEnglishclub.他告訴我他將參加英語俱樂部。HeaskedmeifIusedhisbike.他問我是否我用過他的自行車。如果