【分級測試卷】Unit 5 Languages Around the World A卷·知識通關(guān)練（解析版）

必修Book1Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldA卷·基礎(chǔ)知識通關(guān)練一、詞匯與短語I.重點詞匯默寫nativeadj.出生地的；本地的；土著的n．本地人attituden.態(tài)度；看法despiteprep.即使；盡管factorn.因素；要素meansn.方式；方法；途徑charactern.文字；符號；角色；品質(zhì)；特點classicadj.傳統(tǒng)的；最優(yōu)秀的；典型的n.經(jīng)典作品；名著affairn.公共事務；事件；關(guān)系dialectn.地方話；方言strugglen．&vi.斗爭；奮斗；搏斗gapn.間隔；開口；差距tonguen.舌頭；語言vocabularyn.詞匯apartmentn.公寓套房billionn.十億bonen.骨頭；骨(質(zhì))carvevt.&vi.雕刻shelln.殼；殼狀物dynastyn.王朝；朝代calligraphyn.書法；書法藝術(shù)semestern.學期gasn.汽油；氣體；燃氣petroln.汽油subwayn.地鐵pantsn．[pl.]內(nèi)褲；短褲；褲子II.拓展詞匯變形systemn．體系；制度；系統(tǒng)→systematicadj.系統(tǒng)的→systematicallyadv.系統(tǒng)地refervi.提到；參考；查閱vt.查詢；叫……求助于→referencen.參考basevt.以……為據(jù)點；以……為基礎(chǔ)n.底部；根據(jù)→basedadj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的；以……為重要部分(或特征)的→basicadj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的varietyn.(植物、語言等的)變體；異體；多樣化→varyvi.不同；變化→variousadj.不同的；各種各樣的appreciatevt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會vi.增值→appreciationn.欣賞；感激；領(lǐng)會；重視regardn.尊重；關(guān)注vt.把……視為；看待→regardingprep.關(guān)于globaladj.全球的；全世界的→globallyadv.全球地；全世界地specificadj.特定的；明確的；具體的→specificallyadv.特定地；明確地；具體地majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修課程；主修學生vi.主修；專門研究→majorityn.多數(shù)；大多數(shù)relatevt.聯(lián)系；講述→relatedadj.相關(guān)的；有聯(lián)系的→relationn.關(guān)系；聯(lián)系symboln.符號；象征→symbolicadj.象征的；象征性的→symbolizevt.象征；是……的象征civilisationn.文明；文明世界→civilisedadj.文明的equaln.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同樣的→eq\a\vs4\al(equally)adv.相同地；同樣地→equalityn.平等demandn.要求；需求vt.強烈要求；需要vi.查問→demandingadj.要求高的；苛求的descriptionn.描寫(文字)；形容→describevt.描述；描寫relatevt.聯(lián)系；講述→relatedadj.相關(guān)的；有聯(lián)系的→relationn.關(guān)系；聯(lián)系III.核心短語互譯attitudetowards/to對……的態(tài)度referto指的是；描述；提到；查閱payattentionto注意dateback(to...)追溯到upsanddowns浮沉；興衰；榮辱beknownfor因……著名beseen/regardedas被看作beofgreatimportance至關(guān)重要playagreatrolein在……中起重要作用leadto導致pointofview觀點；看法getusedto適應；習慣于relateto與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到giveup放棄havetroublewithsth.做某事有困難dependon取決于；依靠；依賴match...with...用……搭配……officiallanguage官方語言beconnectedwith與……有關(guān)atthebeginning一開始developinto發(fā)展成為globalaffairs全球事務nomatterwhere,who,what,etc.不論……；不管……beconsideredtobe被認為是berelatedto與……有關(guān)fallinlovewith愛上fightfor為……努力fallsilent安靜下來can'thelpbutdosth.只得做某事bridgethegap縮小差距keepsth.straightinone'smind記清楚某事giveadescriptionofsth.描述某物IV.根據(jù)漢語提示用本單元詞匯的正確形式填空MyloveforChinesecan①datebackto(追溯到)mychildhoodwhenIvisitedanexhibitionaboutChineseeq\a\vs4\al(②civilisation)(文明)andChinesecalligraphy.SincethenIhavebeen③inlovewith(愛上)Chinese.To④appreciate(領(lǐng)會)Chineseculturemuchbetter,IamnowinChinastudyinginPekingUniversityandmy⑤major(專業(yè))isChineseliterature.⑥Atthebeginningof(在……的開始)thefirstsemester,itwasreallya⑦struggle(難事)formetounderstandwhatthe⑧native(本地的)speakersofChinesesaid.However,Iwould⑨bynomeans(決不)giveupand⑩regard(看待)itasachancetoexplorethewriting?system(系統(tǒng))．?Despite(盡管)thefactthatthereare?varietiesof(各種各樣)dialectsand?symbols(符號)inChinese,Ihavebeen?struggling(努力)tolearnit.?Nomatterwhen(無論如何)Ieacrossanewcharacter,Ialways?referto(查閱)thedictionary.eq\a\vs4\al(?Nomatterwhere)(無論哪里)Igo,ItrytomunicatewiththelocalChinesepeopleand?relateto(談到)them.Gradually,theharderIwork,thelargermy?vocabulary(詞匯)willbeeandthemoreclassicworksIwillbeequaltoreading.Frommyeq\o(○,\s\up4(21))pointofview(觀點),thoughtheremaybesomeeq\o(○,\s\up4(22))upsanddowns(浮沉)inlearningaforeignlanguage,oneneedstotakeapositiveeq\o(○,\s\up4(23))attitude(態(tài)度)toit.Besides,setaeq\o(○,\s\up4(24))specific(明確的)aimandworkhard,andonedayyouwillsurelymakeit.二、句式與篇章I.教材原句補全Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthe＇mainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.其存續(xù)的原因有很多，但主要因素之一是漢字的書寫體系。ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture這一書寫體系對于凝聚中華民族和中華文化具有重要意義。Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillmunicateinwriting.即使在今天，不論住在哪里，也不論說何種方言，中國人都仍能通過書寫（文字）進行交流。ThemoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.我對一門語言了解得越多，我的大腦就發(fā)育得越好。Don'tyouliketohavesomebodytellyouifthepantslookgoodornot?你不喜歡讓別人告訴你這些短褲是否好看嗎？II.單句語法填空ThatyearJohnson(refer)totheearthquakeasthemostpowerfuldisasterinhistory.答案與解析referred句中時間狀語是Thatyear，故謂語用一般過去時，填referred。referto...as...“把……稱為……”。Theyhavemadeeveryefforttofindouta(system)waytodealwiththeproblem.答案與解析systematic設(shè)空在句中做定語，修飾名詞way，應用形容詞，表“系統(tǒng)的”，填systematic。With(refer)toyouradvertisement,I'mwritingtoacquiresomeinformation.答案與解析reference該處是固定短語withreferenceto“關(guān)于”。Themanyouarereferringto(be)amanwithgreatdeterminationandwisdom.答案與解析is分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知youarereferringto是定語從句，修飾主語Theman,故設(shè)空在句中做謂語，從句謂語是現(xiàn)在進行時，故主句謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時，填is。Greatattentionmustbepaidto(stay)calminanemergency.答案與解析stayingpayattentiontodoingsth.“注意做某事”，to是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。Therearea(vary)ofbooksinthebookstoreforustochoosefrom,likehistorybooks,sciencebooks,literarybooksandsoon.答案與解析variety設(shè)空前是冠詞a,設(shè)空后是介詞of,故該空填vary的名詞形式，構(gòu)成短語avarietyof“各種各樣的”。Iampleasedwithyourwork.Thiscardistoshowmy(appreciate)andrespect.答案與解析appreciation設(shè)空在句中做show的賓語，且設(shè)空前是形容詞性物主代詞my，填名詞appreciation。I(specific)toldyounottogonearthewater!答案與解析specifically設(shè)空在句中做狀語，修飾謂語told,應用副詞，表“明確地；具體地”，填specifically。Moreattentionshouldbepaidtothose(globe)events.答案與解析global設(shè)空在句中做定語，修飾名詞events,應用形容詞，填global。Calligraphy(regard)asanartform,andIreallyenjoyit.答案與解析isregarded主語Calligraphy與regard是被動關(guān)系，應用被動語態(tài)，且“書法被看作是一種藝術(shù)形式”是客觀事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，填isregarded。(base)onatruestory,thebookhascaughtmuchattention.答案與解析Basedbebasedon“以……為根據(jù)”，在句中做狀語，應用過去分詞形式，填Based。Theancientbuilding(date)backtotheTangDynastyisreallyamazing.答案與解析datingdatebackto“追溯到”，是不及物動詞短語，在句中做定語，應用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，填dating。Insomecountries,thecolorwhite(symbol)purity(純潔)．答案與解析symbolises設(shè)空在句中做謂語，應填動詞，結(jié)合語境“白色象征純潔”，主語為thecolorwhite，故謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，填symbolises。Theoutingseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthestudents(be)againstit.答案與解析are主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時，故because引導的從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時，“themajorityof＋名詞”做主語，謂語與名詞的數(shù)一致，故填are。Everypossiblemeans(try)sofar,andwefindonlythismeansisitpossibletopersuadehim.答案與解析hasbeentried;bymeans是單復數(shù)同形的名詞，其前有every修飾，謂語應用單數(shù)形式；句中時間狀語是sofar，故謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時；主語means與try是被動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，第一空填hasbeentried。第二空是固定短語bythismeans“用這種方式”。Several(factor)haveledtothedisasterthathappenedinthesmallvillage.答案與解析factors設(shè)空前是Several，故可數(shù)名詞factor應用復數(shù)形式。Anyone,whetherheisanofficialorabusdriver,shouldbe(equal)respected.答案與解析equally設(shè)空在句中做狀語，修飾動詞respected，應用副詞，填equally。Thesceneryoftheancienttownisreallybeyond(describe)．答案與解析description設(shè)空在句中做介詞beyond的賓語，應用名詞，構(gòu)成短語beyonddescription“無法描述”。Thejobisreally(demand),buthemanagestodoitwell.答案與解析demanding設(shè)空在句中做表語，表“要求高的”，填形容詞demanding。She(struggle)tosupportalargefamilyonherownlastyear.答案與解析struggled句中時間狀語是lastyear，故謂語用一般過去時，填struggled。Nomatterwherehegoes,hewillbuybookswhichare(relate)tocalligraphy.答案與解析relatedberelatedto“與……有關(guān)”。Iamnotfondofpopmusic,becauseIoftenhavetrouble(understand)thewords.答案與解析understandinghavetrouble(in)doingsth.“做某事有麻煩或困難”。Ourmanagerwasverybusyanddidn'tfeelequalto(receive)visitors.答案與解析receivingbeequaltodoingsth.“勝任做某事”，to是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，故填receiving。Thepolicemandemandedofus(tell)himeverythingabouttheaccident.答案與解析totelldemandofsb.todosth.“要求某人做某事”。Thecloseryouare,the(much)youwillsee.答案與解析more設(shè)空所在句是“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，表“越……越……”，故該處填much的比較級more。Doyoumind(share)yourpointsofviewwithme?答案與解析sharingminddoingsth.“介意做某事”。Ican'thelpbut(finish)thebookbasedonatruestory.答案與解析finishcan'thelpbutdosth.“只得做某事”。Asyougetolder,yourattitudedeathchanges.答案與解析to/towardsattitudeto/towards“對……的態(tài)度”。ThesurvivorwholivesintheshelterisanativeSichuan.答案與解析ofanativeof“……的本地人”。ThereasonhefoundGermansodifficultisthatitsgrammarissoconfusing.答案與解析why該句是定語從句，先行詞是Thereason,指物，從句中缺少原因狀語，應用關(guān)系副詞why引導定語從句。Hiseffortshaveplayedimportantroleinthesuccessoftheproject.答案與解析anplayanimportantrolein“在……中起重要作用”。Signlanguageisgreatimportancetopeoplewhoaredeaf.答案與解析ofbeofgreatimportance“至關(guān)重要”。ItwasatimeIcouldhardlyunderstandwhatthenativespeakerssaid.答案與解析when該句是定語從句，先行詞是time，指時間，從句中缺少時間狀語，應用關(guān)系副詞when引導定語從句。Inspiteofupsdowns,sheneverlosesheart.答案與解析andupsanddowns“盛衰沉浮”。Theteacherwillputforwardavarietyofquestions,dependingyourdifferentanswers.答案與解析on/upondependon/upon“取決于”。IlovetechnologyandtrytokeepupwithitsoIcanrelatemystudents.答案與解析to根據(jù)語境“我熱愛技術(shù)并試圖跟上技術(shù)的發(fā)展，以便我可以理解學生的想法”可知，此處是動詞短語relateto“理解；認同”，故填to。III.句式升級為了解快這個醫(yī)療問題，所有可能的方法都嘗試了。①Everypossiblemeanshasbeenusedtosolvethemedicalproblem.②Allthepossiblemeanshavebeenusedtosolvethemedicalproblem.這本詞典對生很有用。①Thisdictionaryisofgreatusetomiddleschoolstudents.(of+n.）②Thisdictionaryisveryusefultomiddleschoolstudents.(useful)圖書管理員要求他把從圖書館借的書還回來，①Thelibrariandemandedthathe(should)returnthebookshehadborrowedfromthelibrary.②Thelibrariandemandedofhimtoreturnthebookshehadborrowedfromthelibrary.在我看來，通過這些活動，你可以更好地了解春節(jié)。①Frommypointofview，youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities.(point)②Inmyview/opinion，youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities.(view/opinion)③AsfarasI'mconcerned，youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities.(concerned)Thefilmisbasedonatruestory,anditisverypopular.→Basedonatruestory，thefilmisverypopular.(分詞短語作狀語)Accordingtotheexpert,thebuildinghasahistorywhichdatesfrom/backtotheearlyTangDynasty.→Accordingtotheexpert,thebuildinghasahistorydatingfrom/backtotheearlyTangDynasty.·(分詞短語作定語)IV.課文縮寫填空TheChinesewritingsystemisoneoftheeq\a\vs4\al(1)(factor)thathavehelpedtheChineselanguageandculturesurvivedespitemanyupseq\a\vs4\al(2)downs.Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage,eq\a\vs4\al(3)(date)backtotheuseoflonggu—animalbonesandshellsoneq\a\vs4\al(4)symbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.BytheShangDynasty,thesesymbolseq\a\vs4\al(5)(bee)awell-developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingtomanyeq\a\vs4\al(6)(vary)ofdialectsandcharacters.However,afterEmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry,theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.Thatwritingsystemwasofgreateq\a\vs4\al(7)(important)inunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.eq\a\vs4\al(8)meansofwrittenChinese,Chinesepeopletodayareconnectedwiththoseofthepast.TheChinesewritingsystemissoimportantthatChinesecalligraphyeq\a\vs4\al(9)(regard)asanimportantpartofChineseculture.Today,asChinaplaysagreaterroleineq\a\vs4\al(10)(globe)affairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina'scultureandhistorythroughChinese.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.factors2.and3.dating4.which5.hadbee6.varieties7.importance8.By9.isregarded10.global三、單元語法小練Ⅰ.單句語法填空Thereasonforwhichshechangedhermindisquiteclear.Thedayswhentheytravelledtogethermeantalottohim.Thehotelinwhichwestayedwasveryclean.Thehousewherehelived10yearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Nobodyknowsthereasonforwhichshedidn'tattendthemeeting.I'llneverforgetthetimewhenwevisitedXi'an.Ididn'tgetapayrise,butthiswasn'tthereasonwhyIleft.Wevisitedthecarfactorywheremyuncleonceworkedthreeyearsago.Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforShanghai.Ⅱ.對比填空(每空一詞)①Thisisthefactorywherethemostexpensivecarsaremade.②Isthisthefactorythat/whichmakeslaptopputers?①TheoldcouplewillneverforgetthedayswhentheyhadasummercampinAustralia.②Thevo