英語第4章導(dǎo)游詞創(chuàng)作

[問答題]1.請用所報考語種寫出一篇400～600（江南博哥）字關(guān)于中國香港旅游業(yè)的導(dǎo)游解說詞。要求語言規(guī)范、表達得體、內(nèi)容切題、條理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合導(dǎo)游語言要求。全文應(yīng)包括以下主要內(nèi)容：（1）自二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來，香港旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史；（2）香港特區(qū)政府關(guān)于促進旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的策略（游客入境、旅游項目、市場）。參考答案：【參考范文】TourismIndustryinHongKong（1）SincetheSecondWorldWar,theHongKongeconomyhasgraduallydevelopedintoonewhichislargelyservices-based.Thetourismindustry,inparticular,hasalwaysmaintainedanimportantpositionintheHongKongeconomywiththeforeignexchangeearningsthatitbrings.Indeed,theindustryhasexperiencedlongperiodsofdevelopment.Fordecades,HongKonghasbeenanaturalattractiontoforeignvisitors,especiallyasthestoryofSuzieWongandBruceLeecapturedthecuriosityofmanywhowouldliketohaveapersonalexperienceofthecharmofthiscity.WealsohadareputationasaShoppers'Paradiseinthe1970sand1980s.Intheperioduptomid-1990s,visitorarrivalsrecordeddouble-digitgrowtheachyearforoveradecade.Atitspeakin1996,theindustryaccountedfor7.6%ofGrossDomesticProduct,employingaround330,000HongKongpeople.（2）ThencametheAsianeconomiccrisiswhichreducedthelevelofregionaltravel.Butrightafterthecrisis,thenumbershavestartedtoincrease.ItisbelievedthatthetourismindustrywillcontinuetoplayanimportantroleinHongKong'seconomy.However,asmanydevelopingcountriesbegintoawareofthesignificantroletourismplaysinpromotingeconomicdevelopment,wecannolongertakeourpastsuccessforgranted.Wearesupposedtodomuchmoretopreserveandevenfurtherourpositionasaleadingdestinationintheregion.TheGovernmentoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionhasadoptedathree-prongedstrategytomeetthesechallenges,namely:1）Toprovideeasyaccessforvisitorstocomehere;2）Tofacilitatethedevelopmentoftourismproducts;3）TopromoteHongKongasanattractivetouristdestination.（3）Intermsofvisitors'entry,HongKonghasaveryliberalvisaregime.Residentsofover170countriesareallowedtocomeherevisafreeforbetween7daysto6months.WehavealsocameupwithschemestofacilitatevisitorsfromtheMainlandofChina,TaiwanandRussiaoverthepasttwoyears.（4）Whenitcomestodevelopmentoftourismproducts,wehaveembarkedonavarietyofinitiativesinareasincludingeco-tourism,heritagetourism,andeventstourism.Theinitiativesaretointroducenewattractionsandimproveexistingones,concerningbothhardwareandsoftware.HardwareliketheimprovementsattheOceanPark,anInternationalWetlandPark,anewcablecarsystemonLantauIsland,andanewFisherman'sWharfinAberdeenwillsignificantlybroadenourhorizonsbyenhancingtheappealtoallkindsofvisitors.InitiativesaboutsoftwareincludetheintroductionofanInternationalEventsFundwhichcanhelpattracteventsofinternationalstandingtoHongKong.Therearealsoeffortstopromotebetterservicequalitytocomplementimprovementsinphysicalattractions.（5）Finallyonmarketing,theHongKongTouristAssociationisthemarketingarmforourtourismindustry.Itaimstostepuppromotionsinkeydestinations.The“CityofLife”campaignwaslaunchedin1997andwasdesignedtoshowtoouroverseasmarketsthevibranceanddiversitythiscityoffers.【行文點評】第一段介紹了二戰(zhàn)以來香港旅游業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展。香港吸引了大量的外國游客，旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展進而促進了香港經(jīng)濟的騰飛。第二段中先是介紹了亞洲金融危機對香港旅游業(yè)的影響，香港也逐漸意識到保持乃至進一步提升旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的重要性。因此香港特區(qū)政府采取了三項策略來迎接挑戰(zhàn)，包括游客到港方式、旅游項目、旅游市場。第三至五段分別詳細闡述了三項策略的內(nèi)容。第一、香港的簽證和相關(guān)政策使得游客入境更為便捷；第二、香港開發(fā)了一系列旅游項目，尤其注重硬件和軟件的升級，從而增強香港作為旅游地的吸引力。最后，香港旅游協(xié)會通過宣傳展示香港的魅力和活力，提高市場競爭力。[問答題]2.請用所報考語種寫出一篇400～600字關(guān)于圓明園的導(dǎo)游解說詞。要求語言規(guī)范、表達得體、內(nèi)容切題、條理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合導(dǎo)游語言要求。全文應(yīng)包括以下主要內(nèi)容：（1）圓明園的地理位置和自然風(fēng)光；（2）圓明園的文化價值；（3）圓明園的屈辱歷史；（4）中國政府對圓明園的修復(fù)和開發(fā)。參考答案：【參考范文】Yuanmingyuan（1）LocatedinthenorthernpartofHaidianDistrictinBeijing,Yuanmingyuaniscomposedofthreecomparativelyindependentbutinterconnectedgardens.Withanareaofabout350hectares,Yuanmingyuanwasgrandinscaleandcharminginscenery.Itsgreenhillsandsplendidbuildingswerelaidoutwithamazingappeal,anddecoratedwiththrivingtreesandprettyflowers.About40percentofthegardenwascoveredbyriversandlakes,connectedintoanintegralsystembywindingstreamsanddottedwithmorethan250hillsandrockformations.Thewater'sconstantmurmurrenderedlifeandsoultothehillsandrocks.（2）Yuanmingyuanwasnotonlyfamousforitsbeauty.Itwasalsoanimperialmuseumwithagreatcollectionofculturaltreasures.TheFrenchwriterVictorHugooncecommented,“Withallitstreasures,NotreDameinParisisnomatchforYuanmingyuan,thatenormousandmagnificentmuseumintheEast.”Asoneofthefourmostfamousimperiallibraries,theWenyuanHallinthegardenoriginallyhousedgreatmanypreciousancientbookssuchasTheCompleteLibraryofFourBranchesofBooks,GemsoftheCompleteLibraryofFourBranchesofBooks,andACollectionofBooksofAncientandModernTimes.（3）However,theskillandsophisticationofthebuildersofthishistoric“VersaillesoftheEast”,andthepreciousculturaltreasuresinit,failedtoescapethedestructionconductedbytheWesternpowers.In1860,theAnglo-FrenchforcessackedandlootedYuanmingyuanandburnedittotheground.Fromthenon,thegardencontinuouslysufferedseveredamageatthehandsofthewarlords,bandits,andtheEight-PowerAlliedForces.Itsformercharmandglorynomore,theentiregardenlayinclustersofruinsanddebris.ItwitnessedtheatrocitiesoftheWesternpowersandthecorruptionandincompetenceoftheQingrulers,andadmonishedtheChinesepeoplenevertoforgetthetragedy.（4）Thewheelsofhistory,however,moveoninexorably.Yuanmingyuanhassincebeengreatlychanged,afterthebirthofthePeople'sRepublic.TheChinesegovernmenthaspaidmuchattentiontothepreservationoftheruins.ThedistrictandmunicipalgovernmentshaveplacedYuanmingyuanonalistofkeyculturalsitesunderspecialprotection.Residentiallandhasbeenrequisitioned,andmassivereforestationeffortshavebeenmade.Painstakingworkindecadeshasturnedhalfofthegardenintogreengrovesteemingwithavastnumberoftrees.Mostofthebuildingfoundationshavebeenunearthed,andtheremainsofoveradozenscenicrockformationsdulypreserved.TheexistingcarvedmarblemasonryoftheEuropeanPalaceshasbeenpiecedtogethertobecomeatouristattraction.Havingbeenopentothepublicforadecade,however,Yuanmingyuanisstillalittlefarfrombecomingafull-fledgedparkofhistoricruins.Forexample,itswesternpartiscallingfordevelopment,andmorefundsareneededforthis,aswellasformanyotherpurposes.TheAdministrativeOfficeismakingeveryefforttosolvethesedifficultiessothattheycancompletetherestorationoftheparkintheearly21stcentury.【行文點評】第一段介紹圓明園的位置和環(huán)境，強調(diào)其規(guī)模宏大、山水如畫，是一座美麗的大公園。第二段介紹圓明園的文化價值，它收集了諸多文化珍品，尤其是園中的文淵閣，收藏了大量的珍貴古籍。第三段講述了圓明園被西方列強野蠻摧毀的屈辱歷史，告誡中國人民不忘恥辱。最后一段著重介紹中國政府修復(fù)和開發(fā)圓明園的一系列措施，比如植樹造林，修葺大理石雕建筑群等。圓明園要成為一座成熟的歷史遺跡公園仍需我們的努力。[問答題]3.請用所報考語種就所給題目寫出一篇400～600字的導(dǎo)游解說詞。要求語言規(guī)范、表達得體、內(nèi)容切題、條理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合導(dǎo)游語言要求，能表現(xiàn)黃山的自然風(fēng)光和文化內(nèi)涵。題目：黃山參考答案：【參考范文】TheYellowMountain（1）LocatedinthesouthernpartofAnhuiProvince,theYellowMountainisChina'smostcelebratedmountainforallitssplendourandbeauty.In1990,itwasdeclaredaWorldNaturalandCulturalHeritagesitebyUNESCOHeritageCommittee.（2）TheYellowMountainisamarvel.Withinanareaof154squarekilometres,thereisacrowdofpeaks,manyofwhichhavenamesindicatingtheshapestheyresemble.Lotus,BrightnessApexandCelestialCapitalarethethreemajorones,allrisingabove1,800metres.Incloudydays,thepinnaclesloominmistsasiftheywereillusionary.Whenthesunshinestheyunfoldinalltheirmajestyandgrandeur.TheYellowMountainchangesitscolourandappearanceastheseasonsvary.Inspring,beautifulflowersdecoratetheslopesinariotofcolour;insummeryouseeverduredpeaksrisingoneuponanotherandhearriversgurglingmerrily.Autumndressesthepeaksinredandpurpleasmaplesareallblazing-red;winterturnsthemintoaworldoffrostandicewithsilverboughsandrockseverywhere.Sofromancienttimesthepeakshavebeenfrequentlyvisitedbytouristsseekingthemysteryandadmiringthescenery.Theycometotheconclusionthatthefantasticpines,thegrotesquerocks,theseaofcloudsandthehotspringsarethefourmajorattractionsoftheYellowMountain.（3）Thankstothepeculiarterrain,theclimateoftheYellowMountainismarkedbyaverticalchange,andtheverticaldistributionofvegetationisalsodistinctive:plantsonthesummit,onthemiddlelevelsandatthefootbelongtothefrigid,temperateandsubtropicalzonesrespectively.Therearemorethan1,500speciesofplants,ofwhichtreesaccountforonethird.TheYellowMountainalsoprovidesawidevarietyoffaunawiththenaturalhabitat.ThetemperatureintheYellowMountainisagreeablealltheyearround.Sincecloudsoftenshutoutthesun,hotweatherneverstayslong,whichmakestheYellowMountainanidealsummerresort.（4）Thoughlookingfreshandyoung,theYellowMountainhasalonghistorytowhichancientbooks,poemsandpaintingsaswellascarvedinscriptionsallbearwitness.LiBaiwasnottheonlypoetwhoappreciatedandpraiseditscharm;TangpoetsJiaDaoandDuXunhealsocamehereandwrotepoemsforit.Inthesucceedingdynasties,peoplekeptcomingandexpressingtheiradmirationinpoetry.XuXiake,thegreatgeographerandtraveleroftheMingDynasty,devotedtwoofhistravelnotestotheYellowMountain.Inscriptionsofthepastgenerationsmeetone'seyeshereandthere,forexample,“Cloudsinamyriadofforms”,“Peakspiercingthesky”,“Acoolworld”,“Fantasticandbeautiful”and“Sceneryofexceptionalcharm”.Suchpoeticphrasesinhandsomecalligraphyarenotonlydecorative,butalsopartofthefascinatingscene.【行文點評】第一段介紹黃山的概況。它是中國著名風(fēng)景區(qū)，世界自然文化遺產(chǎn)。第二段重點介紹了黃山一年四季顏色和形態(tài)的變化，其魅力吸引了大量的游客前來觀賞。第三段介紹了黃山的氣候特征以及相應(yīng)的植被分布?？偟膩碚f，黃山氣候宜人，動植物種類繁多，是絕好的避暑勝地。最后一段介紹黃山深受文人墨客的喜愛，他們留下大量的關(guān)于黃山的作品，豐富了黃山的文化內(nèi)涵。[問答題]4.請用所報考語種就所給題目寫出一篇400～600字的導(dǎo)游解說詞。要求語言規(guī)范、表達得體、內(nèi)容切題、條理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合導(dǎo)游語言要求，能體現(xiàn)中國的世界遺產(chǎn)的歷史文化價值及其遭遇破壞的現(xiàn)狀。題目：中國的世界遺產(chǎn)參考答案：【參考范文】WorldHeritageSitesinChina（1）Chinaisacountrywitharichhistory,abrilliantcivilization,andsplendidlandscapes.（2）Asearlyassome400,000or500,000toover1,000,000yearsago,primitivehumans,includingYuanmouMan,LantianMan,andPekingMan,livedinwhatisnowChinesemainland.China'srecordedhistorybeganinthe21stcenturyB.C.,withtheestablishmentofthefirstChinesedynasty,theXiaDynasty.In221B.C.,ShiHuangDi,thefirstemperoroftheQinDynasty,endedthedivisionofthecountrybythenoblesintheWarringStatesPeriodandfoundedtheQinDynasty,thefirstcentralized,autocraticfeudalempireofdifferentethnicgroupsinChinesehistory.Duringthe2,000yearsfromtheQinDynastytothe20thcentury,ChinasawthefeudaldynastiesoftheHan,theWei,theJin,theThreeKingdoms,theNorthernandSouthernDynasties,theSui,theTang,theFiveDynasties,theSong,theYuan,theMing,andtheQing.Owingtothevicissitudesinitshistory,beautifulscenicspotsandhistoricalsiteswereproducedandmanystillremaininthislandtoday.Theyincludemagnificentancientarchitecturalcomplexesandinnumerablehistoricalrelics,whichprovideasolidbasisforthestudyofChina'sancientcultureandhistory.（3）LocatedintheeasternpartofAsiaonthewesternshoreofthePacific,Chinahasaterritoryof9.6millionsquarekilometers.Ithasdiverseandwonderfulnaturalandgeographicalconditions,landscapeswiththevariedfeaturesofnorth,east,south,andwest,andmountainsandriversrichinfaunaandflora.Suchexcellentgeographicalconditionshavecreatedmanynaturalscenicspots.（4）TherichandpreciousculturalandnaturalheritagesleftbyChina'slonghistoryareassetsforboththeChinesenationandtherestoftheworld.In1985,ChinaaccededtotheWordHeritageConvention.From1987to2007,35sitesinChinaenteredtheWorldHeritageList.Ofthe35worldheritagesitesinChina,25areculturalsites,suchastheGreatWallandtheImperialPalaceoftheMingandQingDynasties.SixoftheworldheritagesitesinChinaarenaturalsites,forexample,theWulingyuanScenicandHistoricInterestArea.Therearealso4mixedculturalandnaturalsites:MountTaishan,MountHuangshan,MountEmei-LeshanGiantBuddha,andMountWuyi.（5）Today,however,theseculturalandnaturalheritagesarethreatenedbytheincreasingdamagescausedbytheirownoldageanddegenerationandbythechangesofsocialandeconomicconditions.ThisisChinaandtheothernationsarefacingintheword.【行文點評】第一段介紹中國是一個有著歷史悠久、資源豐富的國家。第二段主要介紹了中國的歷史。自一百多萬年前至今，中國歷經(jīng)了歷史嬗變，朝代更迭，遺存了極為豐富的名勝古跡，恢宏的古代建筑群，浩如煙海的古文物。第三段介紹了中國的壯麗山河。第四段舉例介紹了已列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》的中國文化與自然遺產(chǎn)。最后一段闡述了中國的文化和自然遺產(chǎn)日益遭受破壞的現(xiàn)狀，這是中國乃至世界正在經(jīng)受的一大困擾。[問答題]5.請用所報考語種就所給題目寫出一篇400～600字的導(dǎo)游解說詞。要求語言規(guī)范、表達得體、內(nèi)容切題、條理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合導(dǎo)游語言要求，能體現(xiàn)北京師范大學(xué)的歷史和使命。題目：北京師范大學(xué)參考答案：【參考范文】BeijingNormalUniversity（1）Onehundredyearsago,theFacultyofEducationoftheMetropolitanUniversity,whichwasthepredecessorofBeijingNormalUniversity,startedtorecruitstudents,whichusheredinChina'smoderntrainingofteachersatthehigherlevel.Inthepastonehundredyears,theBeijingNormalUniversityhasgrownandprogressedalongwiththeChinesepeople'sstrugglefornationalindependence,prosperityandpeople'swell-being.TheteachersandstudentsoftheUniversityshowedtheirloftypatriotismbyactivelytakingpartinvariousrevolutionarycampaignsagainstimperialismandfeudalismincludingtheMay4thMovementandtheDecember9thMovement.BeijingNormalUniversitywasalsoalaunchingpadfornewideasandnewculturesduringtheNewCultureMovement.Motivatedbyastrongsenseofresponsibilityforthenationandthepeople,thefacultyandstudentsofBeijingNormalUniversityhavealwaysstrivedtoliveuptothemottoof“studyingtoteachandactingtoexample”andcultivatedafreetraditionofpatriotism,progress,honesty,innovation,troth-seekingandbeingaparagoninvirtueandlearning.BeijingNormalUniversityhaslongsincebecomeawell-knowninstitutionofhigherlearningwithastrongteachingstaffandprestigiousacademicstrengthandisnowwellonitswaytobecomingaworld-classqualitynormaluniversity.（2）The21stcenturyhasbeenwitnessinggreatprogressofscienceandtechnologyandintensifiedcompetitionworldwide.Thecompetitionamongnations,inthefinalanalysis,boilsdowntocompetitionoftheirhumantalentsandtheirabilitiestoinnovate.Asthebasisfornurturinghumantalentsandincreasingnationalinnovativeness,educationmustbeputatanimportantplaceinouroverallstrategyofthemodernizationprogram.OurstrategyofrevitalizingthecountrythroughscienceandeducationmustbeunswervinglycardedoutsothatmorequalifiedbuildersofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,moreinnovativetalentswithhighqualifieswillbebroughttothefore,withtheviewtosteadilyraisingthemoral,scientificandculturallevelsofthenationasawhole.ThisiswhatthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationrequiresandalsoahistoricaltaskforeducationinthesocialistperiod.（3）TeachersplayasignificantroleinimplementingtheeducationpolicyoftheParty,promotingeducationalinnovationandnurturinghigh-calibertalents.Therefore,inthisgoldenage,alargecontingentofhigh-minded,patrioticanddevotedteachersareexpectedtoservethesociety.Itishopedthatourteacherscanimpartknowledge,guidepeopleandactasparagonsofvirtueandlearning.Itisalsoexpectedthatourteacherscanremainscrupulousanddiligentintheirscholarlypursuitandkeepprogressingwiththetimes.【行文點評】第一段介紹北京師范大學(xué)的歷史。北京師范大學(xué)前身是京師大學(xué)堂。一百年來，北師大師生與國家共進退，表現(xiàn)了崇高的愛國主義精神，同時北師大自身不斷發(fā)展，已經(jīng)成為師資力量雄厚、學(xué)術(shù)聲譽遠播的著名學(xué)府。第二段闡述了教育對當今國家發(fā)展的重要性，我國需要堅持科教興國戰(zhàn)略，不斷造就大批高素質(zhì)人才，提高全民族的思想文化素質(zhì)。第三段介紹了北師大所培養(yǎng)的人民教師的使命，要志存高遠、愛國敬業(yè)，要為人師表、教書育人，要嚴謹篤學(xué)、與時俱進。[問答題]6.請用所報考語種寫出一篇400～600字關(guān)于武當拳的導(dǎo)游解說詞。要求語言規(guī)范、表達得體、內(nèi)容切題、條理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合導(dǎo)游語言要求。全文應(yīng)包括以下主要內(nèi)容：（1）武當內(nèi)家拳的創(chuàng)造；（2）武當內(nèi)家拳的流派和特點。參考答案：【參考范文】WudangInnerBoxing（1）Asanoldsayinggoes,Wudang-styleboxingfromthesouthisesteemedwhileShaolin-styleboxingfromthenorthisrespected.WudanginnerboxingisoneofthemostfamousboxingstyleinChina.Datingbacktoaboutsixhundredyearsago,WudanginnerboxingwascreatedinWudangMountainbyZhangSanfeng,amiraculousprodigy,withShadowBoxingasthenucleusofthismartialartssystem.Asthelegendgoes,ZhangSanfengwasbornintheeastoftoday'sLiaoningProvinceattheendofSongDynasty.Whenhewasyoung,helearnedfromandmadefriendswithdifferentpeopleandperegrinatedallcornersofthecountry.Later,hedwelledinJintaiTempleinBaojiwherehewasinspiredbyMasterFireDragonandretreatedinWudangMountain,whichistheoriginofChineseTaoismsincethegreatphilosopherandhealth-preservingexpertLaoTzuandhisdisciple,MasterYinxi,practicedTaoismthere2000yearsago.ThereZhangSanfengcultivatedhimselfandthecultivationwasagreatsuccess.Helivedintheworldformorethan300years,butnobodyeverknewwhenandwhereandhowhedied.Duringhisrecluse,Sanfengobservedasparrowandasnakefightingeachotherandwasdeeplyamazedbythemovementsofthetwo,whichhelatertriedtoimitate.Beforelong,havingcombinedthestrongpointsofvariousWushuschools,withtheTaoisthealth-preservingcontainedinit,ZhangSanfengcreatedinnerboxing,whichhasthenbeenpassedontillthepresentday.（2）Onthebasisofrecordation,theinnerboxingZhangSanfengcreatedthenwasthestyleofTaichi.Later,asdifferentschoolscameintobeing,someminorchangeshavebeenmadetothestylesandthecharacteristics.ButinWudangMountain,theyarealmostthesame,whichfocusonTaichiandBaguaboxing.SuchtypesofinnerboxingasXingyi,Baxian,BajiandXuangong,havebeentakentoWudangMountainbylatergenerations.WudanginnerboxingisamiracleskillcombinedwithWushuandhealth-preserving.Itfeaturesslightmotion'sconqueringviolentmotionandmildness'conqueringfirmness-called“fourliangvsonethousandfin”orwinningonlyaftertheenemyhasattackedyou.Withoutanyobviousbreak,themovementsofinnerboxingarelikethefloatingcloudsandflowingwater.InnerboxingdeservesthefameoftheessenceofChinesemartialartsandthetreasureofOrientalculture,blessingpeoplewithmorepotential,morewisdom,morespirit,betterbodyshapeand,aboveall,betterhealthandlongevity.【行文點評】第一段介紹武當內(nèi)家拳的創(chuàng)造歷史，重點講述了其創(chuàng)造者張三豐的傳奇故事。張三豐拜師訪友，修煉武術(shù)，觀雀蛇斗智，終始創(chuàng)內(nèi)家拳于武當。第二段介紹了武當內(nèi)家拳的眾多流派，其中武當山派一脈相傳。之后介紹了內(nèi)家拳的武術(shù)特點，其對人體益處多多。[問答題]7.請用所報考語種寫出一篇400～600字關(guān)于奧林匹克運動會的導(dǎo)游解說詞。要求語言規(guī)范、表達得體、內(nèi)容切題、條理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合導(dǎo)游語言要求。全文應(yīng)包括以下主要內(nèi)容：（1）古代奧林匹克運動會的舉辦形式和精神；（2）現(xiàn)代奧林匹克運動會的舉辦形式（開幕式、比賽、閉幕式）和精神。參考答案：【參考范文】TheOlympicGames（1）TheOlympicGamesshouldbetracedbacktotheancienttimes.TheGreekswereveryfondofallsportswhichcouldhelpbuildupthebody.OnceinfouryearstheyhadagreatfestivaltocelebratewhattheycalledtheOlympianGames.ManythousandsofpeoplecametogetheruponawideplaintoseethecompetitionsamongmenandboysfromallpartsofGreece.Thegreatgameswererunningraces,wrestlingmatches,horseraces,andchariotraces.Inmostofthegamesthemenandboysworelittleornoclothing,andhadtheirbodiesoiled.Theprizesseemedverysimple;theywerenothingmorethancrownsmadeofleavesofthewildolivetree;buttowearoneofthesecrownswasthegreatesthonor,andhewenthomecoveredwithglory.（2）Ancientathletescompetedasindividuals,notonnationalteams,asinthemodernGames.TheemphasisonindividualathleticachievementthroughpubliccompetitionwasrelatedtotheGreekidealofexcellence.Throughtheiroutstandingwordsordeed,aristocraticmenattainedthisidealandwonpermanentgloryandfame.（3）Today,theOlympicGamesarethegreatestfestivalofsportintheworld.Everyfouryears,ahundredormorecountriessendtheirbestlayerstocompeteforthehighesthonorsinsport.Asmanyas6,000peopletakepartinover20sports.Goldmedalsandgloryareawardedtothewinners.Butthereishonor,too,forallwhocompete,winorlose.ThatisinthespiritoftheOlympics—totakepartiswhatmatters.（4）TheOlympicGamesalwaysstartinabrightcolorandaction.Theteamsofallthenationsparadeintheopeningceremonyandmarchroundthetrack.TherunnerwiththeOlympictorchthenentersthestadiumandlightstheflame.Afterthesportsmenmarchoutofthestadium,thehostcountryputsonawonderfuldisplay.Thecompetitionsbeginthenextday.Victoryceremoniestakeplaceaftereachcontest.Thefirstthreewinnersineachreceivemedalsandthenmountaspecialvictorystand.Whiletheflagsofthethreecountriesrepresentedarehoisted,thenationalanthemofthewinningathlete'shomelandisplayed.Attheclosingceremony,athletesagainmarchintothestadium.ItisdeclaredbyanOlympicofficialthattheGamesclosedandtheathletesareinvitedtothesiteofthenextOlympics.【行文點評】第一段介紹了古代奧林匹克運動會的舉辦形式，主要由來自希臘的成人和男童進行賽跑、摔跤等項目的競技。第二段強調(diào)了古代運動員們一個人名義參賽，為追求卓越的理想而戰(zhàn)。第三段介紹現(xiàn)代奧林匹克運動會由國家派送運動員參賽，重在參與。最后一段介紹了現(xiàn)代奧林匹克運動會的開幕式、比賽、閉幕式的一系列過程。[問答題]8.請用所報考語種就所給題目寫出一篇400～600字的導(dǎo)游解說詞。要求語言規(guī)范，表達得體，內(nèi)容切題，條理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合導(dǎo)游語言要求，能反映京劇的歷史及其在中西文化交流中的地位。題目：京劇參考答案：【參考范文】PekingOperaofChina（1）PekingOperaisthequintessenceofChina.AsthelargestChineseoperaform,itisextolledas‘OrientalOpera'.Havingahistoryof160years,ithascreatedmany‘firsts'inChinesedramas:theabundanceofrepertoires,thenumberofartists,operatroupesandspectators.（2）PekingOperaofChinaoriginatedfromAnhuiopera.Inthe55thyearofthereignofEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty,fourlocaloperatroupesfromAnhuicametotheimperialcourtinBeijingandgainedanunprecedentedsuccess.TheAnhuitroupesoftenperformedtogetherwithHandialectartistsfromHubei,whichgavebirthtoPekingopera.ThisisanewdramaticformwhichabsorbedalltheessenceofKunQu,QinQiangandBangZiandotherlocaloperas.PekingOperahasbeengraduallylocalizediinits200yearsofdevelopmentandacquiredcharacteristicsofBeijingdialectinsinging,dialoguemakingandrhyming.AndthemusicalinstrumentsusedonPekingoperaareblendingsofinventionsfrommanydifferentethnicgroups.Pekingoperafinallybecameamatureartform.（3）PekingOperacanbedividedinto“civil”piecescharacterizedbysinging,and“martial”onesfeaturingacrobaticsandstunts.Someoperasareacombinationofboth.PekingOperahaschang(singing),nian(dialogue),zuo(acting)andda(martialarts)asitsbasicperformingforms.Sheng,dan,jing,chouareinfacttermsfordifferenttypesofroles.Shengisthepositivemalerole,danisthepositivefemalerole,whileringisasupportingmalerolewithastrikingcharacterandchouistheclownoranegativecharacter.Everytypeofrolewearsitsownfacialmakeupandcostume,whichissotelltalethatyoucanfigureoutitsidentitythemomentitappearsonthestage.OnemajorcharacteristicofPekingoperaisthecolorpaintedonthefaceofacharacter.Itissuggestiveofthecharacter'stemperamentandpersonalityaswellasitsroleandfateintheplay.Itisvitaltotheunderstandingofaplay.Putinsimpleterms,redisappreciative,standingforloyaltyandvalor;blackrepresentsaneutralrole,representingvigorandwisdom.Blueandgreenrepresentneutralcharacterofrebelliousheroes.Yellowandwhitebothsuggestcunning,negativecharacters.Andgoldandsilverrepresentmysticorsupernaturalpower.（4）Amateurperformersarecalled“piaoyou”andthereareveryfamousones,suchasemperorGuangxuofQingDynasty.HewasbothagoodamateurPekingoperasingerandaskillfuldrummerinthePekingoperaorchestra.TheEmpressDowagerCixiwasafamousPekingoperafan.ThelargesttheatreinChinaatthetimearestillstandingintheSummerPalace.Itisa21-metre,three-storedbuilding,whichisaproofoftheDowager'sloveforPekingopera.SinceMeiLanfangvisitedJapanin1919,Pekingoperahasbecomemoreandmorepopularwithpeopleallaroundtheworld,andithasmadegreatcontributiontothepromotionoftheculturalexchangebetweenChinaandtheWest,andthefriendshipandunderstandingbetweentheChinesepeopleandpeopleallovertheworld.【行文點評】（1）第一段提出京劇是我國的國粹，它被譽為“東方戲曲”，曾創(chuàng)造了中國戲劇的許多“第一”。（2）第二段介紹了京劇的起源和發(fā)展歷史，中國京劇起源于徽劇，經(jīng)過200多年的發(fā)展，京劇最終成為一種成熟的藝術(shù)形式。（3）第三段介紹了京劇的分類以及京劇的表演形式，并依次介紹了京劇的角色分類，即“生、旦、凈、丑”。第四段介紹了不同顏色的京劇臉譜代表了個人的性格和品質(zhì)、角色和命運。（4）第五段介紹了有名的京劇“票友”和戲迷。最后一段介紹了隨著京劇大師梅蘭芳訪日以來，京劇在中西文化交流中做出了卓越貢獻。[問答題]9.請用所報考語種就所給題目寫出一篇400～600字的導(dǎo)游解說詞。要求語言規(guī)范，表達得體，內(nèi)容切題，條理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合導(dǎo)游語言要求，能反映故宮的建筑布局及其悠久歷史。題目：故宮參考答案：【參考范文】TheForbiddenCity—GuGong（1）TheForbiddenCityinBeijingwastheChineseimperialpalaceduringthemid-MingandtheQingDynasties.ListedbyUNESCOasaWorldCulturalHeritageSitein1987,itisnowoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsworldwide.（2）LyingatthecenterofBeijing,GuGong,nowknownasthePalaceMuseum,istothenorthofTiananmenSquare.Rectangularinshape,itistheworld'slargestpalacecomplexandcovers74hectares.Asixmeterdeepmoatandatenmeterhighwallsurrounded9,999buildings.Eachsideofthewallhasagate.OppositetheTiananmenGate,tothenorthistheGateofDevineMight,whichfacesJingshanPark.Thesetwogatesare960metersawayfromeachother,whilethegatesintheeastandwestwallsare750metersawayfromeachother.Thereareuniqueanddelicatelystructuredtowersonthefourcornersofthecurtainwall.Theseaffordviewsoverboththepalaceandthecityoutside.TheForbiddenCityisdividedintotwoparts.Thesouthernsection,whichwastheOuterCourt,waswheretheemperorexercisedhissupremepoweroverthenation.Thenorthernsection,whichwastheInnerCourt,waswherehelivedwithhisroyalfamily.Until1924whenthelastemperorofChinawasdrivenfromtheInnerCourt,fourteenemperorsoftheMingdynastyandtenemperorsoftheQingdynastyhadreignedhere.Astheimperialpalaceforsomefivecenturies,GuGonghousesnumerousraretreasuresandcuriosities.（3）Constructionofthepalacecomplexbeganin1407,the5thyearoftheYonglereignofthethirdemperoroftheMingdynasty.Itwascompletedfourteenyearslaterin1420.Itwassaidthatamillionworkersweredrivenintothelong-termhardlabor,includingonehundredthousandartisans.StonesusedtobuildthepalacewerequarriedfromFangshan,asuburbofBeijing.Itwa