非限定性定語從句

（優(yōu)選）非限定性定語從句當(dāng)前1頁，總共92頁。Finishtheattributiveclausesbelow:1.The

lesson

__________westudiedyesterday

was

hard

to

understand.2.

You

can

take

any

book

____interestsyou

best.thatwhich/that

Practice

當(dāng)前2頁，總共92頁。3.

People

like

to

live

in

a

place

_____there’sfreshairandlittlenoise.4.

The

girl

__________yousawatthemeetingis

a

well-knownswimmer.

5.

He

is

the

very

worker

_____picturewesaw

in

the

newspaper

yesterday.

6.

He

was

very

happy

on

the

day

______________heentered

the

university.where

whom/thatwhoseonwhichwhen/當(dāng)前3頁，總共92頁。7.

I

never

really

understand

the

reason

____

he

made

such

a

seriousmistake.8.

Don’t

read

such

books

__

you

cannotunderstand.

9.

Is

that

the

student

_________you

lentyourdictionary?

to

whomwhyas當(dāng)前4頁，總共92頁。10.

Is

this

the

new

novel

__________

you

have

talked

so

much?

11.

The

little

hero,

___

has

given

his

life

forhiscountry,will

alwayslive

in

theheartofthe

people.whoaboutwhich當(dāng)前5頁，總共92頁。What’sthedifferencebetweenNo.10andNo.11?No.10isarestrictiveclausewhileNo.11withacommaisanon-restrictiveclause.Question:當(dāng)前6頁，總共92頁。1.定語從句(attributiveclauses)通常由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引出。常見的關(guān)系代詞有:which(指物),that(既可指人又可指物),who(指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語),whom(指人，在定語從句中作賓語),whose(指人或物，作定語)等。關(guān)系副詞有:when(指時(shí)間),where(指地點(diǎn)),why(指原因)等。Explanation當(dāng)前7頁，總共92頁。2.定語從句分為限制性定語從句(restrictive)和非限制性定語從句(non-restrictive)兩種。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,與先行詞之間一般不加逗號(hào)；非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。當(dāng)前8頁，總共92頁。TrytofindtheattributiveclausesintheReadingsectionon43andtelltheirfunctions.restrictiveattributiveclauses:1.Theycontainaharmfulchemicalthatcausedmylivertofail.Practice當(dāng)前9頁，總共92頁。2.Weshouldn’tbeashamedofthewaywelook,shouldwe?3.Thisisreallyatouchingstory—astrangerwhodonatedpartofhislivertoagirlhedoesn’tevenknow!當(dāng)前10頁，總共92頁。1.

I’mtakingweight-losspillscalledFat-Less,whicharequitepopularamongyoungwomenhere.2.

Mymother,whomyoumetlastyear,keepstellingmenottotakethembecausetheyaredangerous.non-restrictiveattributiveclauses:當(dāng)前11頁，總共92頁。3.Thenthedoctorfoundsomeoneinyourcountry,whosenameisLiDong,wasanexactmatchforme.4.It’sthesameinChina—manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweightatall,arealwaysgoingondietortakingweight-losspills,whichareoftendangerous.當(dāng)前12頁，總共92頁。Differencesbetweentherestrictiveandnon-restrictiveattributiveclauses.DiscussionLookatthefollowingexamplesandtellthedifferencesbetweenthesentences.當(dāng)前13頁，總共92頁。1.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.2.Shanghai,whichisinEastChina,isdevelopingquickly.Example1當(dāng)前14頁，總共92頁。Conclusion1當(dāng)先行詞是地名、人名、世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或家庭唯一成員時(shí)，通常只用非限制性定語從句修飾。當(dāng)前15頁，總共92頁。1.Ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinahospital.

我有一位在醫(yī)院工作的姐姐。2.Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.我有一位姐姐，她在醫(yī)院工作。Example2不只一位姐姐只有一位姐姐當(dāng)前16頁，總共92頁。3.Themagazinesherewhich/thathavenicepicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮圖畫的那些雜志是他寫的。4.Themagazineshere,whichhavenicepicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的雜志都是他寫的,里面都有漂亮的圖畫。雜志有兩類雜志只有一類當(dāng)前17頁，總共92頁。Conclusion21.限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切,是先行詞不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明確。2.非限制性定語從句是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充或說明,去掉它也不會(huì)影響主句的意思。當(dāng)前18頁，總共92頁。Thisisthehouse(which/that)weboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。2.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這房子很漂亮,是我們上個(gè)月買的。Example3限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句當(dāng)前19頁，總共92頁。3.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎沒領(lǐng)會(huì)我的意思,這使我心煩。非限制性定語從句當(dāng)前20頁，總共92頁。Conclusion31.限制性定語從句可以由關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略。2.非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞,又可修飾整個(gè)主句,不可用that引導(dǎo)且關(guān)系代詞不可以省略。當(dāng)前21頁，總共92頁。1.Thefamousbasketballstar,___comesfromAmerica,willvisitourschoolsoon.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMrblack,with_____shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_____costmealot.whichwhomwho

Practice當(dāng)前22頁，總共92頁。4.Xi’an,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_____hewon’tbesobusy.6.Theschool,_____Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.whichwherewhen當(dāng)前23頁，總共92頁。7.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_____wastrue.8.__weallknow,heisgoodatEnglish.Aswhich當(dāng)前24頁，總共92頁。非限制性定語從句考點(diǎn)歸納：as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,代替整個(gè)主句。1.Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.眾所周知，中國是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國家。Example:當(dāng)前25頁，總共92頁。2.Sheisateacher,asisclearfromhermanner.她是個(gè)教師,這一點(diǎn)從她的舉止可以清楚地看出。3.Hemissedtheshow,whichwasreallyagreatpity.他錯(cuò)過了演出，這真是很大的遺憾。當(dāng)前26頁，總共92頁。4.Heinvitedmetodinner,whichmademeveryhappy.他請(qǐng)我吃飯，這使我很高興。當(dāng)前27頁，總共92頁。Conclusion1.as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),as和which可代替整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都可指代主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。當(dāng)前28頁，總共92頁。2.as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的不同之處在于：(1)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首,而which引導(dǎo)的定語從句不可放在句首。(2)as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí),從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞;若從句中的謂語為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。另外,as引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有“正如”的意思。當(dāng)前29頁，總共92頁。

PracticeAlicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_____cameasasurprise.2.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.3.__isexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.Aswhichwhich當(dāng)前30頁，總共92頁。4.Itrainedhardyesterday,_____preventedmefromgoingtothepark.5.__wecansee,thesmokecamefromthelittledustbin.

whichAs當(dāng)前31頁，總共92頁。II.all/some/of+whom/which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句Example:Hehastoldusmanystories,allofwhich

areaboutthefamousLongMatch.2.ThestudentsofClass1,someofwhom

camefromJapan,wentcampingyesterday.當(dāng)前32頁，總共92頁。Conclusion

在非限制性定語從句中,一些表達(dá)數(shù)量或定位的數(shù)詞或代詞如all/some/one/both/neither/none/any/either/any等可與of構(gòu)成介詞詞組修飾限制先行詞,此時(shí)先行詞在其后的定語從句中作介詞的賓語,關(guān)系代詞不可用that。如先行詞指人則用whom，如先行詞指物則用which引導(dǎo)從句。當(dāng)前33頁，總共92頁。1.Manystudentsinthisschool,someofwhicharenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.2.Thereare54studentsinmyclassandtenofwhomcomefromUS.whomCorrection:them當(dāng)前34頁，總共92頁。3.Halfamillionpairsofshoesareproducedbytheworkershereeveryyear,80%ofwhomaresoldabroad.4.Ihavemanyfriendsinthistown,someofwhicharebusinessman.5.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofthemarequitehelpfultomyhealth.whichwhich或all前加andwhom當(dāng)前35頁，總共92頁。Practicetime當(dāng)前36頁，總共92頁。Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.that C.whatD.which當(dāng)前37頁，總共92頁。2.TheEnglishplay,____mystudentsactedattheNewYear’sparty,wasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhich D.onwhich當(dāng)前38頁，總共92頁。3.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers____shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago,____itwassopoorlyequipped.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that當(dāng)前39頁，總共92頁。5.TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,_____isoftenthecaseinothercountries..A.itB.thatC.asD.so當(dāng)前40頁，總共92頁。6.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,____wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose當(dāng)前41頁，總共92頁。7.Mr.SmithwillmoveintohisnewhousenextSunday,___itwillbecompletelyfinished.A.bythetimeB.onthattimeC.onwhichD.bywhichtime8.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,___leadingactorisworld-famous?A.itsB.it’sC.whoseD.which當(dāng)前42頁，總共92頁。9.─Isthereadepartmentstorearound___Icangetabirthdaypresentformydaughter?─Yes,justacrossthestreet.A.hereBwhichC.whereD.it10.JiuzhaigouValleyisamostfamous placeofinterest,____Iwillnever forgetinmylife. A.itB.thatC.oneD.what當(dāng)前43頁，總共92頁。1.①Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilms___shownlastweek.②Thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingfilms___shownlastweek.

A.whichwasB.thatwas

C.whichwereD.thatwereBDComparison當(dāng)前44頁，總共92頁。2.①Hehastwosons,__arecollegestudents.②Hehastwosons,and__arecollegestudents.

A.bothofwhichB.bothofwhom

C.bothofthemD.bothofitCB當(dāng)前45頁，總共92頁。

3.①Hestilllivesintheroom__windowfacestotheeast.②Hestilllivesintheroom,thewindow__facestotheeast.③Hestilllivesintheroom__isinthenorthofthecity.④Hestilllivesintheroom__thereisabeautifultable.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.ofwhichCADB當(dāng)前46頁，總共92頁。4.①___weallknow,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.②___iswell-knownthatChinaisrichinnaturalresources.③___iswell-known,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.A.WhichB.AsC.ItD.ThatBCB當(dāng)前47頁，總共92頁。5.①Isthismuseum___hevisitedlastmonth?②Theteachertellsusthat___cleanstheblackboardistobepraised.A.thatB.theoneC.whichD.theonewhoBD當(dāng)前48頁，總共92頁。

1.Goovertherestrictiveandnon-restrictiveattributiveclauses.2.FinishtheexercisesofPartAandBonp48-49inyourtextbook.3.FinishPartC1onP96inyourworkbook.Homework

當(dāng)前49頁，總共92頁。Questiontags當(dāng)前50頁，總共92頁。Doyouoftensay“Iloveyou”toyourparents?Howdoyousaythat?當(dāng)前51頁，總共92頁。Sometimesyoumayaskthem:Youloveme,don’tyou?當(dāng)前52頁，總共92頁。1.Whatarequestiontags?Questiontagsareshortquestionsthatcomeattheendofstatements.

Discussion當(dāng)前53頁，總共92頁。2.Lookatthefollowingexamplesandtell

inwhatdifferentsituations

thequestiontagsareused.Example1:It’salovelyday,isn’t

it?Situation1:tostartaconversationExample2:Neitherofyouhasheardthenews,have

you?

Situation2:torequestinformationinamorepoliteway.當(dāng)前54頁，總共92頁。Example

3:Passtheknifeonthetabletome,will

you?

Situation3:tosoftenanorderorarequestforsomeonetodosomething.當(dāng)前55頁，總共92頁。Situation4:1.toaskforagreement,usingafallingtone.(Thespeakerissureaboutwhatissaid.)2.toaskforconfirmation,usingarisingtone.(Thespeakerisnotsureaboutwhatissaid.)Example4:1.You’reahighschoolstudent,aren’tyou?

2.You’reahighschoolstudent,aren’tyou?當(dāng)前56頁，總共92頁。TrytofindthequestiontagsintheReadingsectionon43andtellthesituationsandtones.Practice:當(dāng)前57頁，總共92頁。1.Lookinggoodisimportanttowomen,isn’tit?Iwaslucky,wasn’tI?Weshouldn’tbeashamedofthewaywelook,shouldwe?Examples當(dāng)前58頁，總共92頁。Allthequestiontagsaboveareusedtoaskforagreementbythewriterandtheyshouldbereadinafallingtone.Conclusion:當(dāng)前59頁，總共92頁。DiscussionPairwork1.Whatarethetwokindsofquestiontags?Positivequestiontagsandnegativequestiontags.2.Howarequestiontagsformed?

Usuallyanegativequestiontagisusedattheendofapositivestatement;apositivequestiontagisusedattheendofanegativestatement.當(dāng)前60頁，總共92頁。Formationofquestiontags:Neither

ofyou

will

havecoffee,

willyou?Noone

has

foundmyCD,

havethey?Nobody

understood

hisspeech,

didthey?Hissister

seldom

argueswithpeople,doesshe?Example1當(dāng)前61頁，總共92頁。Whenthemainclauseusesnegativewordslike

neither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little,never,hardlyorseldom,itisfollowedbyapositivequestiontag.Conclusion1當(dāng)前62頁，總共92頁。e.g.Thereareagroupoflittlechildreninthemuseum,

__________

?aren’tthereWhatdoestheword“l(fā)ittle”meanhere?“Smalloryoung”ratherthan“almostno”.AttentionQuestion當(dāng)前63頁，總共92頁。I’mlate,aren’tI?Peteroftenhelpstheoldman,doesn’the?Everyonehasadvisedyounottogoonadiet,haven’tthey?Weuseapersonalpronounlike

I,we,you,he,she,itorthey

inaquestiontag.Example2Conclusion2當(dāng)前64頁，總共92頁。Example3Conclusion3Youliketraveling,don’t

you?Youcan’tspeakItalian,

can

you?Thereissomethingwrong,

isn’t

there?Weusean

auxiliaryverb,modelverborbe

inaquestiontag.當(dāng)前65頁，總共92頁。Example4Conclusion4Postaletterforme,

willyou?Let’shaveabreak,

shallwe?Letusgohomenow,

willyou?Afteranimperativeclause,weuse

willyou.AfterLet’s,weuse

shallwe.當(dāng)前66頁，總共92頁。Example5Ithinkeveryonewillbeinterestedinthesebooks,won’tthey?Iguesstheyhaven’theardabouttheplan,havethey?Idon’tsupposeTomwentbackhomeyesterday,didhe?當(dāng)前67頁，總共92頁。Conclusion5Whenthemainclauseofthesentencebeginswith

Ithink/suppose/guess/believe/imagine…

andisfollowedbyanobjectclauseintroducedbythat,thequestiontagsareformedaccordingtotheobjectclause.當(dāng)前68頁，總共92頁。1.Itoldhimthatyouhadfinishedthework,_______?2.YouthinkhecomesfromJapan,_________?3.Hedoesn’tguessyouareright,______?4.Wedon’timaginethathehasliedtous,_____?dowedoeshedon’tyoudidn’tIPractice當(dāng)前69頁，總共92頁。Example6Conclusion6He’saverygoodteacher,isn’the?You’dwatchthefootballmatchratherthangototheparty,wouldn’tyou?Remember’s=isorhas,and’d=hadorwould當(dāng)前70頁，總共92頁。Tipsaboutusingquestiontags:Takenoteof:thekindofverb(auxiliary/modalverb/otherverbs)thetenseoftheverb/verbagreement當(dāng)前71頁，總共92頁。1.─Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?─Thereisnooneelseshecanturnto,__?A.isthereB.isitC.cansheD.doesshe2.Therewasaloudscreamfromthebackstageimmediatelyaftertheconcertended,_____?A.wasn’tthereB.wasthereC.didn’titD.diditPractice當(dāng)前72頁，總共92頁。3.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,__?A.didn’ttheyB.don’ttheyC.mustn’ttheyD.haven’tthey4.Bill’saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,______?A.isn’titB.isitC.isn’theD.ishe當(dāng)前73頁，總共92頁。Languagepoints當(dāng)前74頁，總共92頁。1.considerNowheisconsideringtakingsomepills,whichhethinkswillmakehimbecomestronger.(Page49,line7)釋義：a.thinkabout

考慮,思考b.beoftheopinion,regardas

認(rèn)為,以為c.takeintoaccount

顧慮,體諒當(dāng)前75頁，總共92頁。

consider(doing)sthconsidersbas/tobeconsiderit+adj./n+forsb.todoconsider的常見用法considersbthatclause/wh-clause當(dāng)前76頁，總共92頁。我們已經(jīng)考慮了今天下午去科技館。Wehave__________________________________thisafternoon.2.我認(rèn)為你不該為之受責(zé)備。Iconsider__________________________.

consideredgoingtothesciencemuseum

thatyouarenottoblameforit完成下列句子的英文翻譯：當(dāng)前77頁，總共92頁。3.他們認(rèn)為你很熱心。Theyconsider______________________.4.我們認(rèn)為這件事不重要。Weconsider

________________________.

thismatter(as)unimportant

youtobewarm-hearted當(dāng)前78頁，總共92頁。5.這個(gè)科學(xué)家被認(rèn)為發(fā)明了一種新型電話。Thisscientist_______________________________________________.6.我們認(rèn)為他這樣做是自私的。Weconsider_____________________.

isconsideredtohaveinventedanewtypeoftelephone

itselfishforhimtodoso當(dāng)前79頁，總共92頁。affecteffecteffortofferresult,impressionholdout,putforwardtryinghardhaveaninfluenceon2.affect/effect/effort/offer當(dāng)前80頁，總共92頁。1.Allthepeopletherewere_______totears.2.Katewasmuch_______bythesadnews.3.Thebookhadagreat_____onhisfuture.

affectedaffectedeffectaffect/effect/effort/offerPractice當(dāng)前81頁，總共92頁。4.Heusedto____meblackbreadforlunch.5.Jimwillmakemore_____tolearnEnglishwell.offerefforts當(dāng)前82頁，總共92頁。3.recognize/realize釋義：know,identifyagain;

認(rèn)識(shí),認(rèn)出bewillingtoaccept...asinthepast;

承認(rèn),認(rèn)可

bepreparedtoadmit;自認(rèn),知道

acknowledge;

公認(rèn),賞識(shí)常見用法:recognizesb/sth. recognize…as/tobe… recognizethat…recognize當(dāng)前83頁，總共92頁。釋義:

befullyconsciousof,understand完全認(rèn)識(shí),了解

convert…intoafact使(計(jì)劃、希望等)實(shí)現(xiàn)

exchange…formoney變賣(財(cái)產(chǎn)、股票等)obtainasapriceorprofit

賣得、獲得常見用法:realizesb./sth.realizethat…