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鈦-鋼異種金屬M(fèi)IG-TIG雙面雙弧焊接受焊行為及機(jī)制研究摘要
本研究采用鈦-鋼異種金屬M(fèi)IG/TIG雙面雙弧焊接工藝,對焊接過程中的受焊行為及機(jī)制進(jìn)行了研究。通過單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)和正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),對焊接參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,得到了焊接質(zhì)量較高的工藝參數(shù)組合。同時(shí),利用紅外熱像儀、高速攝像機(jī)和能譜儀等多種檢測手段,對焊接過程中的熱流場、金屬間界面結(jié)構(gòu)和元素遷移等問題進(jìn)行了研究,探討了焊接受焊行為及機(jī)制的本質(zhì)。研究結(jié)果表明,MIG/TIG雙面雙弧焊接工藝能夠有效解決鈦合金和鋼的異種金屬焊接問題,實(shí)現(xiàn)良好的焊接質(zhì)量和接頭性能。
關(guān)鍵詞:鈦-鋼異種金屬焊接;MIG/TIG雙面雙弧焊接;熱流場;金屬間界面結(jié)構(gòu);元素遷移
Abstract
Inthisstudy,theweldingbehaviorandmechanismduringthetitanium-steeldissimilarmetalMIG/TIGdouble-sideddouble-arcweldingprocesswereinvestigated.Theweldingparameterswereoptimizedthroughsingle-factorexperimentsandorthogonalexperimentaldesign,andahigh-qualityweldingprocessparametercombinationwasobtained.Meanwhile,variousdetectionmethodssuchasinfraredthermalimager,high-speedcamera,andenergyspectrumanalyzerwereusedtostudythethermalfield,interfacialstructure,andelementmigrationduringtheweldingprocess,andthenatureofweldingbehaviorandmechanismwasexplored.TheresearchresultsshowedthattheMIG/TIGdouble-sideddouble-arcweldingprocesscaneffectivelysolvetheproblemofdissimilarmetalweldingbetweentitaniumalloysandsteels,achievinggoodweldingqualityandjointperformance.
Keywords:titanium-steeldissimilarmetalwelding;MIG/TIGdouble-sideddouble-arcwelding;thermalfield;interfacialstructure;elementmigrationTheweldingofdissimilarmetalsbetweentitaniumalloysandsteelshasbeenachallengingtaskduetothesignificantdifferencesintheirphysicalandchemicalproperties.Amongvariousweldingtechniques,theMIG/TIGdouble-sideddouble-arcweldingprocesshasemergedasapromisingmethodtoachievehigh-qualitywelds.
Duringtheweldingprocess,thethermalfieldplaysacrucialroleindeterminingtheweldingbehaviorandjointperformance.Thetemperaturedistributionandheatinputaffectthemetallurgicalprocesses,includingmelting,solidification,andphasetransformation.Moreover,theinterfacialstructureatthejointandtheelementmigrationacrosstheinterfaceinfluencethemechanicalpropertiesandcorrosionresistanceoftheweldedjoint.
TheMIG/TIGdouble-sideddouble-arcweldingprocessprovidesseveraladvantagesindissimilarmetalweldingbetweentitaniumalloysandsteels.Firstly,theusageoftwodifferentweldingmethods(MIGandTIG)onbothsidesofthejointensuresgoodpenetrationandfusionacrosstheinterface.Secondly,thedouble-arcconfigurationallowsabettercontrolofthethermalfield,avoidingtheexcessiveheatinputthatcouldcausedefectsordistortion.Finally,theshieldinggascanbepreciselyregulated,preventingthecontaminationoftheweldingzonebytheatmosphere.
Throughexperimentalinvestigations,ithasbeendemonstratedthattheMIG/TIGdouble-sideddouble-arcweldingprocesscanachieveexcellentweldingqualityandjointperformance.Theinterfacialstructureischaracterizedbyadiffusionzonecontainingmixedelementsfrombothsidesofthejoint,whichprovidesgoodbondingstrength.Furthermore,theelementmigrationmechanismisrelatedtothetemperaturegradientandtheconcentrationgradient,whichcanbecontrolledbyadjustingtheweldingparameters.
Inconclusion,theMIG/TIGdouble-sideddouble-arcweldingprocessshowsgreatpotentialsinsolvingtheproblemofdissimilarmetalweldingbetweentitaniumalloysandsteels.Theunderstandingofthethermalfield,interfacialstructure,andelementmigrationmechanismisessentialforoptimizingtheweldingprocessandachievinghigh-qualityweldsInadditiontotheMIG/TIGdouble-sideddouble-arcweldingprocess,thereareotherweldingtechniquesthatcanalsobeusedfordissimilarmetalweldingbetweentitaniumalloysandsteels.Onesuchtechniqueisthefrictionstirwelding(FSW)process,whichisasolid-stateweldingtechniquethatcanjoindissimilarmetalsbyusinganon-consumablerotatingtooltoheatandstirthematerialstobeweldedtogether.FSWhasbeensuccessfullyusedtojointitaniumalloysandsteels,andhasshownseveraladvantagesovertraditionalfusionweldingtechniquessuchasMIG/TIGwelding,includinglowerdistortionandhighermechanicalpropertiesofthejoints.However,FSWalsohassomelimitations,suchaslowweldingspeed,narrowprocesswindow,anddifficultiesinweldingthinsheets.
Anotherpromisingweldingtechniquefordissimilarmetalweldingisthelaserweldingprocess.Laserweldingcanprovidehighenergydensityandlocalizedheating,whichcanresultinhigh-qualityandprecisewelds.Moreover,laserweldingcanalsoreducetheformationofbrittlephasesduringweldingbyminimizingtheheat-affectedzone(HAZ)andthecoolingrateofthewelds.However,laserweldingalsohassomelimitations,suchashighcapitalandmaintenancecosts,andlimitedpenetrationdepth.
Apartfromtheseweldingtechniques,therearealsosomeemergingweldingtechnologiesthatarebeingdevelopedfordissimilarmetalwelding,suchasplasma-assistedwelding,electronbeamwelding,andultrasonicwelding.Thesetechnologieshaveshownpotentialinjoiningdissimilarmetalswithimprovedweldqualityandreducedenergyconsumption.However,moreresearchisneededtoexplorethefeasibilityandlimitationsofthesetechnologiesfordissimilarmetalweldingbetweentitaniumalloysandsteels.
Inconclusion,dissimilarmetalweldingbetweentitaniumalloysandsteelsisachallengingtaskduetotheirdistinctphysicalandchemicalproperties.However,byusingappropriateweldingtechniquesandoptimizingtheprocessparameters,itispossibletoachievehigh-qualityandreliablejoins.TheMIG/TIGdouble-sideddouble-arcweldingprocessisapromisingtechniquefordissimilarmetalwelding,whichcanprovidehighweldingspeed,lowdistortion,andimprovedjointproperties.Nonetheless,furtherstudiesarerequiredtoinvestigatetheinterfacialstructure,elementmigration,andlong-termpropertiesofthejoints,inordertoadvancetheunderstandingandoptimizationoftheweldingprocessesfordissimilarmetalweldingInadditiontotheMIG/TIGdouble-sideddouble-arcweldingprocess,thereareothertechniquesthatcanbeusedfordissimilarmetalwelding.Oneoftheseisfrictionstirwelding(FSW),whichisasolid-statejoiningprocessthatusesanon-consumablerotatingtooltostirthematerialstogether.FSWcanbeusedtojoindissimilarmetalswithahighdegreeofsuccess,andisparticularlyusefulformaterialsthataredifficulttoweldusingtraditionalfusionweldingtechniques.
Anothertechniquethatcanbeusedfordissimilarmetalweldingisexplosionwelding,whichinvolvestheuseofanexplosivechargetojointwometalstogether.Duringtheexplosionweldingprocess,themetalsareplacedincloseproximitytooneanother,andanexplosivechargeisdetonated,causingthemetalstobondtogether.Explosionweldingisahighlyeffectivetechniquefordissimilarmetalwelding,andiscommonlyusedintheaerospaceandnuclearindustries.
Overall,therearemanydifferenttechniquesthatcanbeusedfordissimilarmetalwelding,andeachhasitsownuniqueadvantagesanddisadvantages.Thechoiceofweldingtechniquewilldependonanumberoffactors,includingthetypeofmetalsbeingjoined,therequired
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