人教版2019版高一英語(yǔ)必修第一冊(cè)Unit-4-Natural-disasters-知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)提綱

人教版2019版高一英語(yǔ)必修第一冊(cè)Unit4Naturaldisasters知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)提綱第一部分：?jiǎn)卧~英漢對(duì)譯tornadodrogughlandslidelandfalltsunamimagnitudeevacuatehelicoptercrackbrickmetalpercentreviverevivalunifycontexttyphoonhurricanetappipewhistlefirstaidkitEcuadorMemphisAlbertaColomboSriLankaIndonesiaThailandSumatraChandraTheeravit會(huì)變?cè)~形disasterdisastrousvolcanovolcanicerupteruptionelectricityelectricelectricallelectricizeelectronicelectronicselectronicallywisdomwiseemergencyemergentsummarysummarizesum課本所見(jiàn)reductionsummaryflood-hitareashelterkeendeadlyuselessrelativemonitorseniorreleasetiphookdestructionminimisetoctonicsectioncompletely1).Lifeinasmalltowncouldbe

deadly

dull.小鎮(zhèn)的生活有時(shí)會(huì)相當(dāng)無(wú)聊。2).TheSudanversionwas

deadly

enough,killing50%ofthoseitinfected.蘇丹版的病毒更加致命,致使50%的感染者死亡。3).Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthe

hook

foranotherseason.趁著其他父母對(duì)下一個(gè)賽季欣慰放松之時(shí)，教練能夠集中精力訓(xùn)練孩子們。4).IwasrequiredtoreadoneofBernieSiegel'sbooksincollegeandwas

hooked

onhispositivityfromthatmomenton.在大學(xué)我被要求去閱讀BernieSiegel的一部作品而自那以后被他積極的態(tài)度所著迷。5).Seeingashowwegotonsowelltogether,itjustseemednaturalthatweshould

hookup.看我們相處的那么好，就好像我們天生就該搭檔在一起。6).FishandWildlifeServicecarefully

monitors

andmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.漁業(yè)和野生動(dòng)物管理局密切監(jiān)視并控制著黃石公園里的狼群。列舉掌握slide1).Sixvolunteers

slid

downthecliffwiththehelpofaropebutgaveupallhopeoffindingheraliveaftera90-minutesearch.(從懸崖滑下)2).Documentary:avisualpresentationsuchasavideo,slide

show,orcomputerprojectnomorethan10minuteslong.(幻燈展示)flood1).Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobe

flooded

withobjects.成年人能夠理解到處東西是什么感覺(jué)。2).Butwhenhefinallyreachedher,thewoman

flooded

himwithquestions:"Whoareyou?Whatantiqueshop?"

被人連珠炮般的問(wèn)道3).Donationsbegan

flooding

infromhundredsofpeople.（涌入）4).Theprojectconnects

flooded

roadsandhighways.（被洪水沖毀的道路）rescue1).

IwasthefirstwesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandas

rescued

fromstarvationinthewild.以免餓死從野外營(yíng)救的大熊貓。2).Igota

rescue

callfromawomaninmuttontown.求救電話aid1).Intonight'sfasterspecial,theycometothe

aid

ofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.幫助（動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）2).Holkeronceagainopensitsgardensin

aid

ofthedisadvantaged.幫助（介詞短語(yǔ)）death1).Butpronouncingthe

death

ofclassistooearly.但是宣布階級(jí)的消亡還為時(shí)過(guò)早。2).

Amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearly

deaths

fromallcauses.每天只要5—10分鐘的跑步可以降低因心臟病和其他所有誘因?qū)е碌脑缢馈sif1).It'salmostasifhowlingtogetherhelpsthepackstaytogether.好像一起嚎叫好像可以幫助狼群保持聯(lián)系。2).Itseemedasifeveryonebutmehadmadefriendsandwashavingfun.看起來(lái)好像除了我每個(gè)人都有朋友并玩得都很開(kāi)心。3).Whenfatandsaltareremovedfromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.當(dāng)脂肪和鹽被從食物中除掉后，食物嘗起來(lái)好像缺失了什么東西。breathe1).Iftheairyou're

breathing

isclean—whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.及物動(dòng)詞，呼吸空氣。2).Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearnto

breathe

moredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmusclesandyourbrain.不及物動(dòng)詞，呼吸。3).Ibecameoutof

breath

andtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.名詞短語(yǔ)，氣喘吁吁，上氣不接下氣。4).Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramicviewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmy

breath.名詞短語(yǔ)，喘口氣power1).Psychologicalresearchshowsweconsistentlyunderestimateourmental

powers.思維能力2).Morewind

power

stationswillspringuptomeetthedemandforcleanenergy.電廠3).Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry,wordsthathadthe

power

tomakeorbreakaperson'sworld.有能力做什么4).Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemost

powerful

animalonearth.強(qiáng)壯的,強(qiáng)有力的survive1).It'shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwayto

survive.動(dòng)詞，生存2).Shecoughedandchokedandcouldhardly

survive

herfirstfewweeks.及物動(dòng)詞，熬過(guò)頭幾個(gè)禮拜。3).Determiningwhereweareinrelationtooursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforour

survival.對(duì)我們的生存來(lái)說(shuō)crash1).Theywoulddefinethedriver'sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformin

crashes

wherelivesmightbelost.名詞，撞擊，沖撞，裝車2).He

crashed

intoacarparkedthere.動(dòng)詞，撞上，沖入3).InJuly,asistercraftofthe

crashed

spaceplanewasreportedtobeabouthalf-finished.形容詞，失事飛船sweep1).Wintryweathercontinuesto

sweep

acrossBritain.寒冷的天氣繼續(xù)席卷整個(gè)英國(guó)。2).Intimesofwar,governmentsoften

sweep

humanrightsaside.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期，政府經(jīng)常對(duì)人權(quán)置之不顧。3).Didyou

sweep

upallthebrokenglass?你有沒(méi)有把碎玻璃都掃掉?4).Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot

swept

intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden.被掃進(jìn)5).Thebeautiful

sweeping

coastlinewascloakedinmist.美麗的海岸線一望無(wú)際，籠罩在迷霧之中。wave1).AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywife

waving

asign.動(dòng)詞，招手示意，晃動(dòng)2).It'spartlythathiswritingsrodea

wave

ofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.名詞，社會(huì)潮流，大趨勢(shì)3).Littlekidsandtheelderlyaretheoneswhohavesufferedthemostfromthisextremeheat

wave.熱浪effectaffectaffection1).Favorablepoliciesarein

effect

toencourageemployees'professionaldevelopment.實(shí)際上2).Thechangesinourpopulationwillhavelasting

effects

onoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.對(duì)什么有···影響3).Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallstoavoidrobots'

affecting

theworld.動(dòng)詞，影響4).Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparent's

affection

whenherchildgrowsupandleaves.名詞，喜愛(ài)length1).Atlength

theycamewithinsightofthecastle.他們終于看見(jiàn)城堡了.2).Themovieisnearlytwohours

inlength.這個(gè)電影幾乎有2小時(shí)長(zhǎng)。重點(diǎn)掌握damage<destroy<ruin這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞在破壞程度上一個(gè)比一個(gè)嚴(yán)重1).Atleastuntilspringarrived,bywhichtimetheyweredealingwith

damaging

floods.有破壞性的2).Damaged

butnotdefeated,hewasstillaheadofme.收到挫折但未被擊敗，3).Withoutoxygenthebrainis

damaging

quickly.不及物動(dòng)詞，損傷，遭受損毀4).Oneofthemost

damaging

thingsaparentcoulddowastopunishtheirchildrenforpoormarks.令他人受害的。5).Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthe

damaged

woodenship.被損毀的6).Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercouldresultin

damage

topersonalproperty.對(duì)什么造成傷害7).Whenthewarwasnear,Aliawasworriedthatthefiresofwarwould

destroy

thebooks.破壞8).WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodin

ruins.處于廢墟的狀態(tài)。9).Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho"ruined"it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.完全毀掉supply1).Beforeheknewit,Nicholaswaslost,allalone!hedidn'thavefood,water,aphone,orother

supplies.其他必需品2).Ourtaskisto

supply

vegetablesalltheyearround.動(dòng)詞，供應(yīng)3).Brown’sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton.供應(yīng)商shock1).Iwas

shocked

whenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.震驚2).Now,electric

shock

trainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.電擊3).Soscientistshavecomeupwitha

shocking

idea.驚人的4).Theywere

shocked

tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.做什么事情吃驚5).ThethreeofthemkneltdownbesideJuliet'sbed

inshock.處于震驚狀態(tài)的。6).Shockingly,thetwogroupscameupwithplansofsimilarquality.令人吃驚地是7).Later,Yeatsshockedhisfamilybysayingthatheremembered"littleofchildhoodbutitspain".vt.讓···震驚trap1).Humansarenoless

trapped

bylightpollutionthanthefrogs.被包圍，被什么困擾2).Hefreeditfromthe

trap.名詞,夾子，陷阱3).Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselves

trapped.被困在···內(nèi)bury1).Whentheseorganismsdie,they

bury

carboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.鎖住2).Thedocumentwasdiscoveredburiedintheuniversityarchives(檔案).堆在什么之中，埋在什么里面。3).Iwanderedintothediningroomwhereyouwereburiedunderpilesoflawbooks.聚精會(huì)神地做什么strike1).Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamight

strike

whileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.突然出現(xiàn)2).It

struck

methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreatlearningmomentforallthegirlsontheteam.3).JustbeforeSeptember,Millerwas

struck

byacarandlosthisrightarm.被撞到4).TheseeffectsoftheInternethavebecomeevenmore

striking

sinceI'vebegunusingasmartphone.令人吃驚的5).Thesnakecoiledup,readyto

strike.攻擊6).Therail

strike

iscausingmajordisruptionsatthecountry'sports.罷工7).Aseniordefenceofficialsaidlastnightthattheywouldcontinuetheair

strikes.打擊deliver1).

Oncehismessagewas

delivered,heallowedmetostayandwatch.傳遞，2).Iusuallyhavefastfood

delivered

tomyoffice.分發(fā)，派遞3).Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquick

delivery.名詞，派遞4).Charlottefoundherselfoperatingondamagedlimbsandsettingbrokenbones,inadditiontodeliveringallthebabiesinthearea.動(dòng)詞，接生5).Intheletter,SophiaandhersupportersofferedtohireteachersorbuildsuitablebuildingsforamedicalschoolandtoarrangeforlecturestobedeliveredinthesubjectsnotalreadycoveredatStAndrews.授課、演講calm1).Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquickly

calmed

down.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，平靜。2).Itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforself-controlthathelpspeoplestay

calm

andattentive.形容詞，心態(tài)平和的3).Explainyourfrustrationscalmlyandsensibly.平心靜氣地，平靜地4).Blueisanothercalmingcolor.形容詞，令人平靜地。5).Aone-on-onemeetingisacalmersettingthanspeakinginfrontofyourpeers.比較級(jí)，更平靜的第二部分：短語(yǔ)raiseawareness提高認(rèn)識(shí)reducemortolity降低死亡率safetymeasures安全措施reliefwork安撫工作areporton關(guān)于什么的報(bào)道asusual如往常一樣tensofthousandsof許多inshock吃驚地intimesof在···樣的時(shí)代staypositive保持積極向上的態(tài)度warningsigns警報(bào)信號(hào)intherevivalof在···的復(fù)興中winpraisefor因什么而獲獎(jiǎng)wakeup蘇醒，醒來(lái)intheopenair在野外taketurnstodo輪流做什么preparefor為什么做準(zhǔn)備safetyinstructions安全指導(dǎo)stayawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離keep/haveonhand保持···隨時(shí)在手邊inalldirections從各個(gè)方向indanger處于危險(xiǎn)runtosafety逃離到安全地帶followthesteps按步驟做givesomebodyaclearideaof讓人清楚明白···putup支起，樹(shù)立supportingpoints論據(jù)causedamage造成損失trapfrom受困于asupplyof一些，一部分keepquiet保持安靜carryout執(zhí)行，實(shí)施liveanewlife過(guò)著新的生活helpsomebodyrebuild幫助某人重建outofgratitude出于感激inawishtodo想要做giveapresentationon做關(guān)于什么的展示asymbolofspirit一種精神象征knowncauses已知誘因visualaids直觀教具outofnowwhere突然地aseriesof一系列的第三部分：句子Dogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.本句應(yīng)該關(guān)注的是一類詞，一般情況下，表示“意愿”的動(dòng)詞，后面都可以加todo做賓語(yǔ)。比如：promisetodo,intendtodo,plantodo,prefertodo,meantodo,hesitatetodo,desiretodo等。練習(xí)：1).Thelittleboyoffered_____(carry)theheavyboxforhismother.(tocarry)2).Theladymanaged_______(go)tohospitalbeforeherhusbandcameback.(togo)3).Theboypretended_______(read)hisbookwhenhismothercamein.(tobereading)4).Theboypretended_______(know)alltheanswerswhentheteacheraskedhimthequestions.(tohaveknown)Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.本句要關(guān)注的要點(diǎn)是in+段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)，可以用在一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)。本句即為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。練習(xí)：1).Inthecomingmonths,we______(bring)togetherartistsfromallovertheglobe,toenjoyspeakingShakespeare’splaysintheirownlanguage.(arebringing)2).Probably,realization_____(set)insecondsafteryou’veclicked“send”.(willset)3).Just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecades_____(go)onreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.(hasgone)4).Igatheredmycourage,walkedtotheblackboardand_____(work)itoutinnotime.(worked)Allofitshospitalsweregone.1).Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.很快龐大的鳥(niǎo)群不見(jiàn)了，再也沒(méi)出現(xiàn)過(guò)。2).Ifwedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbe

gone.如果我們不阻止氣候的改變，世界上很多動(dòng)植物將滅絕。3).Ingeneral,keepaneyeontheirpropertywhiletheyare

gone.通常就是在他們不在的時(shí)候照看一下他們的物品。4).Butoncethatmoneyis

gone,hesayshedoesn’tknowwhathe’lldo.他說(shuō)，一旦錢要是花光了，他不知如何是好。5).Gone

willbethedayswhenLuxembourghasmorevotingrightsthanIndia,ChinaandBrazil.盧森堡日印度、中國(guó)和巴西擁有更多的票數(shù)的日子將一去不返了。Peoplewereinshock.本句的考點(diǎn)在于，in+抽象名詞，可以表達(dá)狀態(tài)，或表示在某方面。1).Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger.2).Itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence.3).HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.4).Somewildernessescontaintheminabundance.5).Itisaneasy-to-readcollectionofpoemsoriginallywrittentoencourageinfaith.Thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople.這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)我們?cè)趯W(xué)native的時(shí)候，曾經(jīng)見(jiàn)到過(guò)類似的表達(dá)(可以說(shuō)bestrangeto,benativeto,bealiento,behometo,beforeignto等)，但是這些表達(dá)中的詞匯都是形容詞或副詞，課文里用的這個(gè)home卻是名詞。這一類詞匯常見(jiàn)的有way,key,solution,answer,entrance,exit,path,bridge,door,hall,passage,approach,access等。1).ThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswaytoTreasureIsland.2).Hefollowedthestonesstepstotheswimmingpool.3).Theaimofthedesigneristocreate

solutions

toproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法，在前面的單元曾經(jīng)講過(guò)，這里就不再贅述，將下面的句子還原。1).Readthesentences______(describe)whathappenedafterahugeearthquake.(describing)2).Everyonewasinshock,________(think)theworldmustbecomingtoanend.(thinking)3)._______anemergencykit_______(prepare)isalsoveryimportant.(提早準(zhǔn)備)(Having···prepared)4).ThetsunamicrashedintothecoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday,_____(kill)morethan65000people.(killing)填入適當(dāng)介詞1).Thenumberofdeathsstood_____2498andmorewereaffectedbythetsunami,governmentofficialssaid.(at)2).Tangshanstartedtoreviveitselfandgetbackup_____itsfeet.(on)3).Thousandsofchildrenwereleft______parents.(without)填入適當(dāng)詞形4).Thenumberofpeople_____(be)morethan400,000.(was)5).Foreignaid_____(organise)forthetsunami-hitcountries.(isbeingorganized)6).Peoplebegantowonder_____longthedisasterwouldlast.(how)7).Thenumberofdeaths_______(expect)togrowevenhigheroverthenextfewdays.(isexpected)第四部分：語(yǔ)法虛擬語(yǔ)氣的類型(口訣：一個(gè)if，兩個(gè)“要是”、“要不是”“三種句型”，四種詞匯，“希望”你記住)Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend.----虛擬語(yǔ)氣1).一個(gè)if條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)haddonewould/could/might/shouldhavedone與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過(guò)去時(shí)(was→were)would/could/might/shoulddo與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過(guò)去時(shí)(was→were);shoulddo;weretodowould/could/might/shoulddoIfIhadcaughtthefirstbus,Iwouldn’thavemissedsomuchoftheconcert.Ifshewereaman,shewouldbeelectedpresident.IfIweretotaketheexam,Iwouldnotbeabletohelp.2).兩個(gè)“要是”“要不是”（ifonly,butfor,without）Withoutwater,nolivingthingswouldsurviveontheeart