英語(yǔ)人教版高中必修二（2019新編）-4.6 單元測(cè)試卷

試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)高一英語(yǔ)Unit4單元測(cè)試卷（考試時(shí)間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分）第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2021·廣東·揭陽(yáng)華僑高中高一階段練習(xí)）FromthemodernLondonEyetothehistoricTowerofLondon,belowareLondon’smostvisitedtouristattractions.ManyofLondon’stopattractionsarefree,makingthemaffordableplacestolearnaboutsomeculture.Whetheryoupreferhistoryormodernart,you’llfinditatoneofthesemust-visitspots.BritishMuseumTheworld-famousBritishMuseumexhibitstheworksofmanfromprehistorictomoderntimes,fromaroundtheworld.ThemostinterestingandexcitingpartsincludetheRosettaStone,theParthenonsculpturesandthemummiesintheAncientEgyptcollection.Someexhibitionsrequiretickets.NationalGalleryThegreatestandmostbeautifulbuildingofTrafalgarSquare,London’sNationalGalleryisavastspacefilledwithWesternEuropeanpaintingsfromthe13thtothe19thcenturies.InthisimpressiveartgalleryyoucanfindworksbymasterssuchasVanGogh,daVinci,Botticelli,Constable,Renoir,TitianandStubbs.Someexhibitionsrequiretickets.Coca-ColaLondonEyeTheCoca-ColaLondonEyeisamajorfeatureofLondon’sskyline.IthassomeofLondon’sbestviewsfromits32capsules,eachweighing10tonsandholdingupto25people.Climbaboardforabreathtakingexperience,withanunforgettableviewofmorethan55ofLondon’smostfamouslandmarks--allinjust30minutes!MadameTussaudsAtMadameTussauds,you’llcomeface-to-facewithsomeoftheworld’smostfamousfaces.FromShakespearetoLadyGagayou’llmeetinfluentialfiguresfromshowbusiness,sport,politicsandevenroyalty.StrikeaposewithUsainBolt,getclosetoOneDirectionorreceiveaonce-in-a-lifetimeaudiencewithHerMajestytheQueen.1．WhatdotheBritishMuseumandtheNationalGalleryhaveincommon?A．Bothexhibitmodernandcontemporaryart.B．BothareonthebanksoftheThames.C．Bothhavevastspacesandspecialshapes.D．Bothhavechargeableexhibitions.2．IfvisitorswanttogetabetterviewofLondon’sfamouslandmarks,theyshouldvisit______.A．theCoca-ColaLondonEye B．theBritishMuseumC．theNationalGallery D．theTateModern3．InMadameTussauds,visitorscan______.A．enjoyShakespeare’sworksB．seefiguresofmanyinfluentialpeopleC．watchLadyGaga’sperformanceD．talktosomefamouspeopleB（2022·江西·景德鎮(zhèn)一中高一期末）Theconceptofplanningentirecommunitiesbeforetheirconstructionisanancientone.Infact,oneoftheearliestsuchcitiesonrecordisMiletus,Greece,whichwasbuiltinthe4thcenturyBC．ThroughouttheMiddleAgesandtheRenaissancevariousplannedcommunities(boththeoreticalandactual)wereconceived(構(gòu)思）.LeonardodaVincidesignedseveralcitiesthatwereneverconstructed.FollowingtheGreatFireofLondonin1666,thearchitectChristopherWrencreatedanewmasterplanforthecity,combiningparklandandurbanspace.Several18thcenturycities,includingWashingtonD．C．,NewYorkCity,andStPetersburg,Russia,werebuiltaccordingtocomprehensiveplanning.Oneofthemostimportantplannedcityconcepts,theGardenCityMovement,aroseinthelatterpartofthe19thcenturyasareactiontothepollutionandcrowdingoftheIndustrialRevolution.In1898,EbenezerHowardpublishedthebookTo-Morrow:APeacefulPathforRealReforminwhichhelaidouthisideasconcerningthecreationofneweconomicallysustainabletowns.Howardbelievedthatthesetownsshouldbelimitedinsizeanddensity,andsurroundedwithabeltofundevelopedland.TheideagainedenoughattentionandfinancialbackingtoleadtothecreationofLetchworth,inHertfordshire,England.Thiswasthefirstsuch'GardenCity'.AftertheFirstWorldWar,thesecondtownbuiltfollowingHoward'sideas,WelwvnGardenCity,wasconstructed.Intheearly1920s,AmericanarchitectsClarenceSteinandHenryWright,inspiredbyHoward'sideasandthesuccessofLetchworthandWelwyn,createdthecityofRadbum,NewJersey.Conceivedasacommunitywhichwouldbesafeforchildren,Radbumwasintentionallydesignedsothattheresidentswouldnotrequireautomobiles.SeveralurbanplanningdesignswerepioneeredatRadbumthatwouldinfluencelaterplannedcommunities,includingtheseparationofpedestriansandvehicles,andtheuseof'superblocks',eachofwhichshared23acresofcommonlyheldparkland.InAmerica,followingthestockmarketcrashof1929,therewasgreatdemandforbothaffordablehousingandemploymentforworkerswhohadlosttheirjobs.Indirectresponsetothis,in1935PresidentRooseveltcreatedtheResettlementAdministration,whichbroughtaboutatotalofthreegreenbelttowns:Greenbelt,Maryland;Greenhills,Ohio;andGreendale,Wisconsin.ThesetownscontainedmanyoftheelementsoftheGardenCityMovementdevelopments,includingtheuseofsuperblocksanda'greenbelt'ofundevelopedlandsurroundingthecommunity.4．Thefirstparagraphtalksmainlyabout________.A．famousurbanplanners B．thehistoryofurbanplanningC．thefutureexamplesofurbanplanning D．problemassociatedwithurbanplanning5．WhatcanbelearnedabouttheGardenCityMovementfromthesecondparagraph?A．ItcamejustbeforetheIndustrialRevolution.B．Itwasheldbackbyawarandalackoffunds.C．Itresultedincitiesthatwerelargerthantheyhadbeenbefore.D．Itwasdesignedtoaddressproblemscausedbymodernization.6．WhatwasoneaimindesigningthecityofRadbum?A．Toreducethedangerforfamilieslivinginthearea.B．Tocreatesomethingtotallydifferentfromcitieselsewhere.C．Tomakesurepeoplecouldparktheircarsclosetotheirhome.D．Toincreasegreenspacesbydesigninghouseswithgardens.7．WhatdothetownsofGreenbelt,GreenhillsandGreendaleallhaveincommon?A．Theirresidentswereaffectedbythestockmarketcollapse.B．TheywerebuiltforthewealthiestpeopleinAmerica.C．Theywereeachsurroundedbynaturalparkland.D．Theywereallconstructedinthesameyear.C（2022·貴州黔東南·高一期末）EveryweekinChina,millionsofpeoplewillsitinfrontofTVwatchingteenagerscompeteforthetitleCharacterHero,whichisaChinese-stylesellingbee（拼寫大賽）.Inthischallenge,youngcompetitorsmustwriteChinesecharactersbyhand.Toprepareforthecompetition,thecompetitorsusuallyspendmonthsstudyingdictionaries.Perhapstheshow'spopularityshouldnotbeasurprise.Alongwithgunpowderandpaper,manyChinesepeopleconsiderthecreationofChinesecalligraphytobeoneoftheirprimarycontributionstocivilization.Unfortunately,alloverthecountry,Chinesepeoplearefrettinghowtowritetheirownlanguagewithoutcomputerizedhelp.SoftwareonsmartphonesandcomputersallowsuserstotypeinthebasicsoundofthewordusingtheLatinalphabet.It'spossibletorecognizecharacterswithoutrememberinghowtowritethem.Butthere'sstillhopeforthepaintbrush.China'sEducationMinistrywantschildrentospendmoretimelearninghowtowrite.InoneBeijingprimaryschoolwevisited,studentspracticecalligraphyeverydayinsideaspeciallydecoratedclassroomwithtraditionalChinesepaintingshangingonthewalls.Softmusicplaysasagroupofsix-year-oldsdipbrushpensintoblackink.Theylookupattheblackboardoftentostudytheirteacher'sexamplesbeforecarefullyattemptingtoreproducethosecharactersonthinricepaper."Ifadultscansurvivewithoutusinghandwriting,whybothertoteachitnow?"weaskthecalligraphyteacher,ShenBin,"TheabilitytowritecharactersispartofChinesetraditionandculture,"shereasons."Studentsmustlearnnowsotheydon'tforgetwhentheygrowup."saystheteacher.8．WhatcanweinferfromabouttheChinesecharacterspellingbeefromthefirstparagraph?A．Itusuallylastsseveralmonths.B．Ithasalargenumberofaudience.C．Thecompetitorsmustbestudents.D．Itpreparestheteenagersforexams.9．WhatisthegoaloftheChinesecharacterspellingbee?A．Toimproveteenagers'abilitytowriteChinesecharacters.B．Toencourageteenagerstocompeteforprize.C．ToappreciatethesoundoftheChinesecharacters.D．Tomaketeenagersmakeuseofdictionaries.10．What'sauthor'sattitudetowardsthepresentsituationofprotectingChinesecalligraphyinparagraph3?A．Positive. B．Confused. C．Unconcerned. D．Worried.11．Whyshouldstudentslearntowritecharacters,accordingtoShenBin?A．Itbridgesthegenerationgap.B．Ithelpsstudentsgethighmarksinexams.C．ItistopreserveChinesetraditionandculture.D．Itisawaytofindtalentedstudentsincalligraphy.D（2022·湖南衡南·高一期末）Afreshandgentlewindonyourface,softsandunderyourfeetandbluewatersasfarastheeyecansee.IsthereanyotherOlympicsportthatisplayedinsuchpleasantconditionsasbeachvolleyball？“I’vegonetoalotofbeautifulplaces,andmetalotofbeautifulpeople.Thatwouldn’thavehappenedifIhadbeenplayinganothersport.”saidRandyStoklos,America’smostfamousbeachvolleyballplayer.Thesportbeganasafour-a-sidegameonbeachesinSouthernCaliforniainthe1920s.Thefirstrecordedtwo-mangametookplacetherein1930,andthefirsttournament(錦標(biāo)賽)washeldinLosAngeles18yearslater.ThewinnerswereawardedacaseofPepsi.Inthe1950s,womenstartedplayingandthesportsoonspreadtoEuropeandSouthAmerica.Yetatthattime,beachvolleyballwasmoreanentertainmentshowthanasport,withbeautycontestsincluded.TheAssociationofVolleyballProfessionalswasfoundedin1983andbeachvolleyballdevelopedintoafast,athleticsport.Itsworld-widepopularitywonbeachvolleyballaplaceatthe1996OlympicsinAtalanta,where24maleteamsand16femaleteamstookpart.Atpresent,theUSandBrazilarethebestintheworldatbeachvolleyball.ThegamecametoChinaintheearly1990sandtherehavebeennationaltournamentssince1994.ItbecameanofficialeventattheEighthNationalGamesin1997.China’sYouWenhuiandWangLufinishedninthinthewomen’sbeachvolleyballworldchampionshipsinBrazil.12．Thepassageismainlyabout______.A．thehistoryofbeachvolleyballB．howtoplaybeachvolleyballC．theimportanceofbeachvolleyballD．women’sbeachvolleyballinChina13．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE？A．BeachvolleyballwasfirstplayedlikeotherOlympic:sports.B．Beachvolleyballhasalwaysbeenanentertainmentshowratherthanasport.C．BeachvolleyballbeganonbeachesinSoutherCalifornia.D．WomenstartedplayingbeachvolleyballinSouthAmericain1945.14．WhendidbeachvolleyballofficiallybecomeanOlympicevent？A．In1948, B．In1996. C．In1950. D．In1997.15．Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthat______.A．in1996,beachvolleyballbecameanofficialeventinChinaB．China’sbeachvolleyballteamisthebestintheworldC．China’sbeachvolleyballplayerswonthefirstplaceinBrazilD．beachvolleyballcametoChinaintheearly1990s第二節(jié)七選五（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）（2022·山東日照·高一期末）About6millionchildrenand14millionadultsintheUnitedStatessufferfromasthma.Asthmaistheleadinglong-termdiseaseamongAmericanchildren.____16____anumberofpeoplearoundtheworldwhosufferfromasthmahasdoubledinthelast30yearsandresearchersthinkthat100millionpeoplenowsufferfromasthma.Eventhoughthenumberofpeoplewithasthmaisincreasing,itisnotanewdiseaseforhumans.____17____MedicalhistorianshavefoundabookwrittenbyaChinesedoctorcalledtheYellowEmperor:thisbookcontainsadescriptionofadisease.Thisdescriptionmatchesthediseaseasthma.____18____Around1920Americandoctorsbegansuccessfullytreatingasthmapatientswithephedrine(麻黃堿).Amazingenough,ephedrinecomesfromthesameplantthattheYellowEmperorsaidwaseffectiveforasthmathousandsyearsearlier.____19____Around150BCaRomandoctorrecognizedthatasthmahadabadeffortwiththebronchialtubes(支氣管)andlungs.AnEgyptiandoctorsuggestedareductioninthesufferer'sstresslevel,adryclimatealongwitheatingchickensouptotreatasthma.Oneradical(激進(jìn)的)treatmentforasthmathatwastriedinthe1940swasaparentectomy.____20____Parentectomymeantstayingawayfromparents;insteadchildrenlivedatanasthmatreatmentcenter.Aren'tyougladthatmodemmedicinehasprogressedawayfromthatkindofidea?A．Andthebookwaswrittenin2600BC!B．Seekmedicalhelpwhenyoushowsignsofasthma.C．Historyrecordsasthmacasesthousandsofyearsago.D．Foralongtinepeopledidn'tknowwhatcausedthediseaseE．Somedoctorsbelievedthatfamilystressledtochildhoodasthma.F．Soit’sverylikelythatyouoroneofyourclassmatessufferfromasthma.G．Overthecenturiesdoctorsleftbehindmedicaltextsaboutasthmaandtheirtreatments.第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）（2021·湖南省臨湘市教研室高一期末）Haveyouseenpeoplewhotakepicturesoffoodformorethan10minutesbeforeeating?MyfriendStellaissuchanexample.Everytimewewenttoarestaurantshewouldnottakeabiteuntilallthedisheswe____21____wereonthetable.Thenshewouldspendfiveminutesin____22____thedishesinaseeminglyrandombutinfact____23____order.Thenthemostimportantpart:takingpictures.Afterthat,shewouldchooseoneofthe____24____andclickinthefilterapp.Thefoodeventuallylooked10timesmoredeliciousthanitreallywas,butwehadno____25____toreallyenjoyit—itallwentcold,actuallyStella’sreallifeismuchlesselegant.Forexample,shehatestowashthedishes,sosheleavestheminthesinkfordays.Manypeoplecaretoomuchaboutothers’opinionsandtrytoohardto____26____others.Theyfindithardtobe____27____andtoacceptthemselves,andthustheyareafraidtoshowtheir____28____lifeonsocialmedia.Whattheyaretryingtoproveis____29____whattheylackinreality.Butthiswillnotbringany____30____toreality,astheystill____31____thesameoldpatternoflife.Iftheyreallywantanelegantlife,theyshouldputmore____32____intoachievingit____33____fabricatingit.Beingmoreconfident,____34____themselvesandtryingtheirbesttobebetteraremuchmoremeaningfulthan____35____theirlifeonsocialmedia.21．A．ordered B．served C．offered D．prepared22．A．cooking B．washing C．setting D．collecting23．A．messy B．a(chǎn)rranged C．casual D．missed24．A．dishes B．restaurants C．tables D．pictures25．A．chance B．choice C．excuse D．reason26．A．comfort B．please C．inspire D．discourage27．A．independent B．generous C．responsible D．confident28．A．real B．secret C．peaceful D．healthy29．A．rarely B．hardly C．exactly D．nearly30．A．difficulty B．change C．guidance D．harm31．A．question B．dislike C．doubt D．follow32．A．effort B．a(chǎn)mbitions C．feeling D．money33．A．otherthan B．morethan C．ratherthan D．lessthan34．A．identifying B．a(chǎn)ccepting C．persuading D．a(chǎn)musing35．A．simplifying B．ruining C．beautifying D．worsening第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）（2022·浙江·羅浮中學(xué)高一開(kāi)學(xué)考試）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。BEAGOODTOURISTTourismcanbebothgoodandbad.Yes,itbringsinmoneyforthelocaleconomyandcreateslotsofjobsforlocals,____36____itmayalsobringsomeproblems.Onegrowingproblemisthattouristsintend____37____(prove)thattheyhavevisitedadestination.Sofar,tourists____38____(use)paint,rocks,orevenkeystowriteontheLuxorTempleinEgypt,theColosseuminRome,andmany,manyother____39____(relic).Thousandsoftouristsitesarebeingdestroyedbytourists____40____“l(fā)ovethemtodeath”.Anotherbigproblemisthatthelocalpeopleandlife____41____(disturb)allthetime.Sometouristswanderaroundandtakephotos____42____thelocalpeoplewithoutgettingtheir____43____(agree).Thereisnodoubtthat____44____numberofproblemsfromtouristsisendless.Asaresult,when____45____(step)outsideyourcountry,rememberyouarerepresentingyourcountrytotherestoftheworld.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46．（2022·福建·莆田第二十五中學(xué)高一期末）假如你是李華，你暑假去長(zhǎng)城旅游，看到了長(zhǎng)城受到自然和人為的破壞，游客們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)城上刻畫，亂丟垃圾，為此你感到痛心。因此你給當(dāng)?shù)卣畬懶?，希望政府能采取措施保護(hù)這寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。內(nèi)容包括：1.長(zhǎng)城受到自然因素及人為因素破壞；2.保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)的重要性；3.你的建議（至少三點(diǎn)）寫作要求：要點(diǎn)齊全，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；詞數(shù)為80-100。參考詞匯：文化遺產(chǎn)culturalheritage刻畫carveDearSir,ItravelledtotheGreatWallinmysummervacation._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Iwouldappreciateitifmysuggestionswereaccepted.Sincerelyyours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）47．（2021·全國(guó)·高一課時(shí)練習(xí)）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Iwastouchedthroughexperiences,memories,books,stories,animals,angels,andmostofallotherpeople.Peoplehavemovedmeandmolded(塑造)mewithmomentsofloveandexamplesofkindness.OnetimeonthedaybeforeChristmasmanyyearsagowhenIwasamillworkerwithaminimumwage,Ifoundmyselfwithverylittlemoneyandverylittletimetobuymysmallchildrenafewsimpletoys.IknewthattheywouldhavetobecheaponesandIhopedmychildrenwouldlikethem.Ihatednothavingenoughtogivethemmore.Ihatedbeingpoor.AndIhatedfeelingbadatChristmasratherthanhappy.Ipulledintoastoreparkinglotandcountedmymoneyagain.Itwasn’tmuchbutmaybeIcouldgetsomethingsmallwithit.AsIwasgettingoutofthecarInoticedtheSalvationArmybellringer(撞鐘人)attheentrance.IfeltbadagainbecauseIdidn’tfeelIcouldspareanythingtogivehim.Istartedwalkingtowardstheentrancewhentwocarspulledintoemptyparkingspotsinfrontofme.Thefirstwasashiny,newCadillacandIfeltkindofjealouswhenIsawit.“Hownice,”Ithought,“woulditbetohaveenoughmoneytobuyacarlikethat.”Thesecondcar,though,wasanancientsedan,morebeat-up(破舊的)andrustythantheoneIwasdriving.AmanhoppedoutoftheCadillacandhurriedintothestorerightpastthebellringerwithoutasecondglance.Outoftheoldsedancameayoungmotherwiththreesmallchildren.Herclotheslookedasworn-outashercar,yetshestoppedinfrontofthebellringer,smiled,openedherpurse,anddroppedabillinhisredkettle.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。Istoodthereforaminuteinastonishment._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Inthatsecondawarmthtouchedme,myjealousyandhatredleftme,andalltheloveandjoyfilledme.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages22頁(yè)答案第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages22頁(yè)參考答案：1．D2．A3．B本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了四個(gè)倫敦最受歡迎的旅游景點(diǎn)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BritishMuseum下的“Someexhibitionsrequiretickets.（有些展覽需要門票。）”以及NationalGallery下的“Someexhibitionsrequiretickets.（有些展覽需要門票。）”可知，大英博物館和國(guó)家美術(shù)館共同之處在于兩者都有收費(fèi)展覽。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Coca-ColaLondonEye下的“Climbaboardforabreathtakingexperience,withanunforgettableviewofmorethan55ofLondon’smostfamouslandmarks--allinjust30minutes!（在30分鐘內(nèi)，您將欣賞到超過(guò)55個(gè)倫敦著名地標(biāo)的難忘景觀!）”可知，如果游客想要更好地欣賞倫敦的著名地標(biāo)，他們應(yīng)該參觀可口可樂(lè)倫敦眼。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MadameTussauds下的“AtMadameTussauds,you’llcomeface-to-facewithsomeoftheworld’smostfamousfaces.（在杜莎夫人蠟像館，您將與一些世界上最著名的面孔面對(duì)面。）”可知，在杜莎夫人蠟像館，游客可以看到許多有影響力的人物。故選B。4．B5．D6．A7．C【解析】【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述城市建設(shè)規(guī)劃這個(gè)概念的歷史發(fā)展。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Theconceptofplanningentirecommunitiesbeforetheirconstructionisanancientone.Infact,oneoftheearliestsuchcitiesonrecordisMiletus,Greece,whichwasbuiltinthe4thcenturyBC.ThroughouttheMiddleAgesandtheRenaissancevariousplannedcommunities(boththeoreticalandactual)wereconceived(構(gòu)思）.LeonardodaVincidesignedseveralcitiesthatwereneverconstructed.FollowingtheGreatFireofLondonin1666,thearchitectChristopherWrencreatedanewmasterplanforthecity,combiningparklandandurbanspace.”（在建設(shè)之前規(guī)劃整個(gè)社區(qū)的概念是一個(gè)古老的概念。事實(shí)上，有記錄的最早的這樣的城市之一是希臘的米利都，它建造于公元前4世紀(jì)。在整個(gè)中世紀(jì)和文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，各種各樣被規(guī)劃好的社區(qū)（既有理論的也有實(shí)際的）都被構(gòu)思過(guò)。里昂那多·達(dá)芬奇也設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)幾個(gè)城市，但是卻沒(méi)有被建設(shè)。在1966年倫敦大火之后，建筑師克里斯多佛·雷恩結(jié)合了公園和城市空間，為城市創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)新的規(guī)劃。）可知，這一段主要講述城市規(guī)劃的歷史。故選B。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Oneofthemostimportantplannedcityconcepts,theGardenCityMovement,aroseinthelatterpartofthe19thcenturyasareactiontothepollutionandcrowdingoftheIndustrialRevolution.”（規(guī)劃城市的最重要的概念之一，花園城市運(yùn)動(dòng)，在19世紀(jì)后期出現(xiàn)了，這是為了應(yīng)對(duì)污染和工業(yè)革命的聚集。）可知，花園城市運(yùn)動(dòng)的出現(xiàn)是為了應(yīng)對(duì)由工業(yè)革命等現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展而引起的問(wèn)題的。故選D。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Conceivedasacommunitywhichwouldbesafeforchildren,Radbumwasintentionallydesignedsothattheresidentswouldnotrequireautomobiles.”（人們認(rèn)為雷德伯恩系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)對(duì)孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)安全的社區(qū)體系，所以它專門被設(shè)計(jì)就是為了居民們不會(huì)再要汽車了。）可知，雷德伯恩系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計(jì)的目的是為了居民們的安全。故選A。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“ThesetownscontainedmanyoftheelementsoftheGardenCityMovementdevelopments,includingtheuseofsuperblocksanda'greenbelt'ofundevelopedlandsurroundingthecommunity.”（這些城鎮(zhèn)包含了花園城市運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展期的許多元素，包括超級(jí)街區(qū)的使用和圍繞著社區(qū)的未被開(kāi)發(fā)地的‘綠化帶’。）可知，這3個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的共同點(diǎn)是它們都被未被開(kāi)發(fā)的綠地圍繞著。故選C。8．B9．A10．A11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是中國(guó)人對(duì)書法和漢字的重視。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“EveryweekinChina,millionsofpeoplewillsitinfrontofTVwatchingteenagerscompeteforthetitleCharacterHero,whichisaChinese-stylesellingbee（拼寫大賽）.（在中國(guó)，每周都會(huì)有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人坐在電視機(jī)前觀看青少年們爭(zhēng)奪“漢字英雄”的稱號(hào)，這是一個(gè)中國(guó)風(fēng)格的拼寫大賽）”可知，這個(gè)拼寫大賽有很多觀眾，故選B。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Inthischallenge,youngcompetitorsmustwriteChinesecharactersbyhand.Toprepareforthecompetition,thecompetitorsusuallyspendmonthsstudyingdictionaries.（在這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)中，年輕的參賽者必須手寫漢字。為了準(zhǔn)備比賽，參賽者通常要花幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間研究字典。）”可知，這個(gè)拼寫大賽的目的是提高青少年的漢字書寫能力。故選A。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Butthere'sstillhopeforthepaintbrush.（但毛筆還是有希望的。）”可知，作者對(duì)第三段中保護(hù)中國(guó)書法的現(xiàn)狀持積極的態(tài)度，故選A。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“TheabilitytowritecharactersispartofChinesetraditionandculture（寫字是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)和文化的一部分）”和“Studentsmustlearnnowsotheydon'tforgetwhentheygrowup.（學(xué)生必須現(xiàn)在就學(xué)習(xí)，這樣長(zhǎng)大后才不會(huì)忘記。）”可知，學(xué)生要學(xué)寫漢字是為了保護(hù)中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)和文化。故選C。12．A13．C14．B15．D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了沙灘排球的歷史。12．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第三段中“Thesportbeganasafour-a-sidegameonbeachesinSouthernCaliforniainthe1920s.(這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)起源于20世紀(jì)20年代南加州海灘上的一項(xiàng)四人比賽)”以及“Itsworld-widepopularitywonbeachvolleyballaplaceatthe1996OlympicsinAtalanta,where24maleteamsand16femaleteamslookpart.(沙灘排球在世界范圍內(nèi)的受歡迎程度為它在1996年亞特蘭大奧運(yùn)會(huì)上贏得了一席之地，當(dāng)時(shí)有24支男隊(duì)和16支女隊(duì)參加了奧運(yùn)會(huì))”等內(nèi)容可知，本文主要關(guān)于沙灘排球的歷史的。故選A項(xiàng)。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thesportbeganasafour-a-sidegameonbeachesinSouthernCaliforniainthe1920s.(這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)起源于20世紀(jì)20年代南加州海灘上的一項(xiàng)四人比賽)”可知，沙灘排球起源于南加州的海灘。故選C項(xiàng)。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itsworld-widepopularitywonbeachvolleyballaplaceatthe1996OlympicsinAtalanta,where24maleteamsand16femaleteamstookpart.(沙灘排球在世界范圍內(nèi)的受歡迎程度為它在1996年亞特蘭大奧運(yùn)會(huì)上贏得了一席之地，當(dāng)時(shí)有24支男隊(duì)和16支女隊(duì)參加了奧運(yùn)會(huì))”可知，沙灘排球在1996年正式成為奧運(yùn)會(huì)比賽項(xiàng)目。故選B項(xiàng)。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ThegamecametoChinaintheearly1990sandtherehavebeennationaltournamentssince1994.(這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)于上世紀(jì)90年代初傳入中國(guó)，從1994年開(kāi)始就有了全國(guó)性的比賽)”可知，20世紀(jì)90年代初沙灘排球傳入中國(guó)。故選D項(xiàng)。16．F17．C18．A19．G20．E【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文闡述了世界各地患哮喘的人數(shù)非常驚人，且數(shù)量正在增加，追溯了醫(yī)學(xué)史上關(guān)于哮喘病的研究記錄及治療方法。16．根據(jù)上文“About6millionchildrenand14millionadultsintheUnitedStatessufferfromasthma.Asthmaistheleadinglong-termdiseaseamongAmericanchildren.(美國(guó)大約有600萬(wàn)兒童和1400萬(wàn)成年人患有哮喘。哮喘是美國(guó)兒童的主要長(zhǎng)期疾病)”以及下文“anumberofpeoplearoundtheworldwhosufferfromasthmahasdoubledinthelast30yearsandresearchersthinkthat100millionpeoplenowsufferfromasthma.(在過(guò)去30年里，世界各地患哮喘的人數(shù)翻了一番，研究人員認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在有1億人患哮喘)”可知，數(shù)字表明美國(guó)患哮喘病的人數(shù)之多，以至于這種病非常廣泛，可能我們自己或者我們周圍的人患有此病。因此，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Soit’sverylikelythatyouoroneofyourclassmatessufferfromasthma(所以你或你的同學(xué)很可能患有哮喘。)”切題，該選項(xiàng)中的“asthma”對(duì)應(yīng)上下文中的“asthma”。故選F項(xiàng)。17．根據(jù)上一句“Eventhoughthenumberofpeoplewithasthmaisincreasing,itisnotanewdiseaseforhumans.(盡管哮喘患者的數(shù)量在增加，但它對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)不是一種新的疾病)”可知，哮喘病對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)，并不是一個(gè)新的疾病，因此，C選項(xiàng)“Historyrecordsasthmacasesthousandsofyearsago.(歷史記錄了數(shù)千年前的哮喘病例)”切題，該選項(xiàng)承接上文，進(jìn)一步闡述了哮喘病的記錄可以追溯到數(shù)千年以前，并非一個(gè)新的疾病，且選項(xiàng)中的“thousandsofyearsago”與上文中的“notanewdisease”相對(duì)應(yīng)，故選C項(xiàng)。18．根據(jù)上一句“MedicalhistorianshavefoundabookwrittenbyaChinesedoctorcalledtheYellowEmperor:thisbookcontainsadescriptionofadisease.Thisdescriptionmatchesthediseaseasthma.(醫(yī)學(xué)史學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本由中國(guó)醫(yī)生黃帝寫的書：這本書描述了一種疾病。這種描述與哮喘的疾病相匹配)”可知，A選項(xiàng)“Andthebookwaswrittenin2600BC!(這本書寫于公元前2600年)”切題，該選項(xiàng)承接上文，進(jìn)一步闡述了黃帝的書寫于公元前2600年，且選項(xiàng)中的“book”與上文中的“book”相呼應(yīng)，故選A項(xiàng)。19．由下文中的“Around150BCaRomandoctorrecognizedthatasthmahadabadeffortwiththebronchialtubesandlungs.AnEgyptiandoctorsuggestedareductioninthesufferer’sstresslevel,adryclimatealongwitheatingchickensouptoteatasthma.(大約公元前150年，一位羅馬醫(yī)生認(rèn)識(shí)到哮喘對(duì)支氣管還有肺有不良影響。一位埃及醫(yī)生建議減少患者的壓力水平，減少干燥的氣候，同時(shí)吃雞湯來(lái)緩解哮喘)”可知，此處列舉了羅馬醫(yī)生和埃及醫(yī)生對(duì)哮喘病的研究及緩解的貢獻(xiàn)，推知，這些醫(yī)生留下了關(guān)于哮喘及其治療的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)，因此，G選項(xiàng)“Overthecenturiesdoctorsleftbehindmedicaltextsaboutasthmaandtheirtreatments(幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，醫(yī)生們留下了關(guān)于哮喘及其治療的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn))”切題。故選G項(xiàng)。20．根據(jù)上文“Oneradical(激進(jìn)的)treatmentforasthmathatwastriedinthe1940swasaparentectomy(20世紀(jì)40年代嘗試過(guò)的一種激進(jìn)的哮喘治療方法是家長(zhǎng)隔離法)”可知，E選項(xiàng)“Somedoctorsbelievedthatfamilystressledtochildhoodasthma.(一些醫(yī)生認(rèn)為家庭壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致兒童哮喘)”切題，承接上文，陳述了家長(zhǎng)隔離法治療哮喘病的原因是家庭壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致兒童哮喘，與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，故選E項(xiàng)。21．A22．C23．B24．D25．A26．B27．D28．A29．C30．B31．D32．A33．C34．B35．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講述了現(xiàn)在一些人在社交媒體上過(guò)度美化自己的生活，作者認(rèn)為這是不自信、不敢接受自己造成的。如果他們想要優(yōu)雅的生活，他們應(yīng)該更加努力，而不是制造假象。21．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每次我們?nèi)ワ堭^，直到我們點(diǎn)的菜都上桌了她才會(huì)開(kāi)始吃。A.ordered點(diǎn)；B.served服務(wù)；C.offered提供；D.prepared準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是指作者一家點(diǎn)的菜被端上桌，故選A。22．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她會(huì)用五分鐘以一種看起來(lái)隨意實(shí)際是布置好的順序來(lái)擺菜品。A.cooking烹飪；B.washing清洗；C.setting擺；D.collecting收集。根據(jù)下文的“Thenthemostimportantpart:takingpictures.”可推測(cè)，她要把菜品擺好來(lái)拍照，故選C。23．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她會(huì)用五分鐘以一種看起來(lái)隨意實(shí)際是布置好的順序來(lái)擺菜品。A.messy雜亂的；B.arranged布置好的；C.casual隨意的；D.missed錯(cuò)過(guò)的。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)選擇一個(gè)和random相反的詞，故選B。24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：之后，她會(huì)選擇一張照片，然后放進(jìn)濾鏡APP。A.dishes菜；B.restaurants飯館；C.tables桌子；D.pictures照片。根據(jù)上文的“takingpictures”可知此處用“照片”符合語(yǔ)境，picture是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選D。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，食物看起來(lái)比事實(shí)上的美味10倍，但是我們沒(méi)有享用的機(jī)會(huì)，因?yàn)槭澄镆呀?jīng)冷了。A.chance機(jī)會(huì)；B.choice選擇；C.excuse借口；D.reason原因。結(jié)合上下文可知，此處是指因?yàn)橛腥伺恼?，?dǎo)致食物變涼，大家錯(cuò)過(guò)了享受美食的機(jī)會(huì)，故選A。26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：很多人過(guò)于在乎別人的觀點(diǎn)，并且盡全力去取悅別人。A.comfort安慰；B.please使……高興。C.inspire啟發(fā)；D.discourage使喪氣。根據(jù)上文的“Manypeoplecaretoomuchaboutothers’opinions”可知此處用“取悅別人”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。27．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們認(rèn)為自信很困難、很難接受自己，因此他們害怕把自己真實(shí)的一面展現(xiàn)在社交媒體上。A.independent獨(dú)立的；B.generous慷慨的；C.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)下文“thustheyareafraidtoshowtheir…lifeonsocialmedia”可知，他們覺(jué)得接受自己很困難，由此推測(cè)他們不自信，故選D。28．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們認(rèn)為自信很困難、很難接受自己，因此他們害怕把自己真實(shí)的一面展現(xiàn)在社交媒體上。A.real真正的；B.secret秘密的；C.peaceful和平的；D.healthy健康的。根據(jù)下文“whattheylackinreality”可知此處用“真實(shí)的自己”符合語(yǔ)境，real和reality是同根詞，故選A。29．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他們盡力想要證明的，恰好是他們?cè)诂F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中缺乏的。A.rarely稀少地；B.hardly幾乎不；C.exactly確切地，恰好；D.nearly幾乎。根據(jù)下文“