高考英語(yǔ)高三模擬預(yù)測(cè)卷新課標(biāo)

第第頁(yè)2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試模擬試題(一)英語(yǔ) ★?？荚図樌?022.12注意事項(xiàng)：

1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。

3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，共37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APuppetperformancesofvarioustypeswerepopularinChina.TheChinesepuppettheaterscomeinfourforms:marionettesonstringsorwires(提線木偶),rodpuppets(杖頭木偶),shadowplays(皮影戲)andhandmanipulatedglove-type-puppets(手套式木偶)MarionetteMarionetteswereusuallycarvedfrompiecesofwood,andtheassembledpartsarehungonstrings.Chinesemarionetteplaysaremostlyperformedintheopenairwithoutacurtaintohidethepuppeteers(木偶師),unlikethecommonpracticeintheWestandspectatorscanseeboththeperformancesandtheperformersfromthethreesidesofthestage.RodPuppetryChineserodpuppetsarehandledbythreerods(桿子).Performersusedtowearspecialtraditionaltheatricalrobeswithbigsleevessothattherodsweresomewhathidden,butmodernperformerstendtolettheirhandsandrodsshow.Onerodisattachedtothepuppet'shead.Theothertwoareattachedtothearms.ThelegsareleftwithoutrodsShadowPuppetShadowshowswereplayedoutonscreensorwallsforthousandsofyearstoentertainandinstruct.Asimplelampandathinscreenwasallthatwasneededforastage.Thingslikepeople,animals,furniturewallsandplantswereshownonthescreenbyplacingfiguresmadeofcardboardorleatherinfrontofthelamp.Glove-type-PuppetGlove-typepuppets,liketheMarionettes,arequitefamiliarintheWest.Glovepuppetsarestillcommontoysthere.Incontrasttoshadowplaysthatwerestagedeveninpoorprimitive(原始的)villages,thestagesforglove-type-puppettheaterwereoftenfinelymade.Thereweresmallpalacecourtyardswithrichlydecoratedbuildingsangoldenroofs.TherearemodernpuppetshowsofseveraltypesthatyoucanseeincitiesaroundChina.ThemorefamouspuppettheatersincludeChinaPuppetTheaterandtheShanghaiPuppetTheater.21.Whichpuppetshowcanbeseenboththeperformancesandtheperformers?A.Marionette.C.Shadowpuppet.B.Rodpuppetry.D.Glove-typepuppet.22.Theperformersofrodpuppetrywearclotheswithbigsleevesto.A.handlethepuppetsbetter.C.addtensiontotheirperformances.B.hidetherodsandtheirhands.D.attachtherodstothearmsofthepuppets.23.Whatcanweinferaboutglove-typepuppets?A.TheyhavenocommonwiththeMarionette.B.TheyarestilllovedbychildrenintheWest.C.Theyarestillplayedinpoorprimitivevillages.D.Theyareshowedonscreensorwalls.BHenriettaLackswasdiagnosedwithcervicalcancer(宮頸癌)in1951attheageofher31,shortlyaftergivingbirthtoherfifthchild.Atthetime,manyhospitalsintheUSstillseparatedblackpeoplefromwhitepeople,sotherewerefewoptionsforhertoseektreatmentwhenshestartedsufferingsymptoms.SheturnedtoJohnsHopkinsHospital,asitwasthenearesttoherhome.Duringthetreatmenttoremovehertumor(腫瘤),herdoctorsentasmallsampleoftissuewithoutherpermissiontoGey,aresearcherwhohadbeentryingtogrowhumancellsinhislabfordecades.Uptothispoint,attemptstogrowhumancellsoutsidethebodyhadbeenfailures.ButsomethingaboutLacks'scellswasabouttochangethat.Inmostpeople,anaturalprocesscalledsenescence(細(xì)胞衰老)putsalimitonthelifespanofcells.Senescenceislinkedtoaging:ascellsdivideandmultiplyovertime,theaccuracyofeachaccompanyreplicationofDNAdecreases.Typicallyhumancellsareabletodividearound50timesbeforetheyreachsenescence.ButLacks'scellsweredifferent.Hercellswereabletodivideandreplicateunlimitedly.Itmadethemperfectformedicalresearchasacultureofidenticalcellscouldbegrownquickly.Soon,scientistsallovertheworldweretakingshipmentsofLacks'scellsfortheirresearch.Hercellline,whichcametobeknownas"HeLa"inhonorofLacks,isthefirstandmostcommonlyusedeverlastingcelllineinmedicine.Millionsofpeopleowetheirlivestothetissuetakenfromher—thecelllineitgeneratedwasusedtocreatethefirstpoliovaccine.WhatmadeithardforLackstogettreatmentwhenill?A.Racialdiscrimination.C.Poverty.B.Advancedage.D.Poortechnology.25.Theunderlined“that”intheParagraph2refersto_______.A.Lacks’spermissiontosenthercellsB.AttentiontogrowhumancellsinthelabC.FailurestogrowhumancellsoutsidethebodyD.Researcherswhogotthesample26.WhyLacks’scellsweresuitableformedicalresearch?A.Theycouldavoidsenescence.C.Theycoulddividewithoutlimitation.B.Theywereusedbymanyscientists.D.Theywereeasytoget.27.Whatwasthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThepriceofHeLacells.C.TheownerofHeLacells.B.ThediscoveryofHeLacells.D.TheapplicationsofHeLacells.CAlthoughe-commercehasgrownonthebackoftechnologicalinnovation,increasingsmartphoneusageandrisingdemandfromconsumerswithbiggerdisposableincomesitisfarfromposinganymajorthreattophysicalretailoutlets.Indeed,growthofboththebricks-and-mortar(實(shí)體店)ande-commercesectorsarerestrainedbyavarietyofsystemicandstructuralissuesthatpreventtheretailmarketfromflourishingfurther.Thefirstisfearoffraud(詐騙)fromAfricanconsumers.OnlinetransactionshaveyettobeanareathatmostAfricansconsidertrustworthy,andmanyconsumersstillbelievethatanydemandforpaymentfromanonlinesourcerepresentsafraud.Thisfearisworsenedbylogisticsnetwork(物流網(wǎng)絡(luò))withproblems—poortransportinfrastructureandirregularprovisionofelectricity.Tomakemattersworse,addressrecordsinmanyAfricannationsaresub-standard,meaningthatinstancesofundeliveredpackages,mislaiditemsordelaysarefrequent.Evenife-commercemanagestotacklethesephysicalinfrastructuretroubles,andmobileoperatorsmanagetoploughevergreaterlevelsofcapitalcosttoensurethatnetworkcoverageisstrong,apotentiallybiggerproblemremains.LevelsofbasicliteracyinAfricaareperhapsthelowestofanycontinentintheworld.Around153millionadultsinAfrica(around38%ofthepopulation)areconsidereduncultured.Thesestructuralissuesarethereforelikelytoholde-commerceback.However,theirrefutablepointisthataccesstotechnologyisontheriseincontinentalAfrica,bringingalargerrangeofgoodstoawiderrangeofconsumers,andthatsignalsapositivefuturefore-commercecompaniesthatarepreparedtoplayalong-termgameinshapingmushroomingsector.28.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.E-commerceisthreateningretailbusinessinAfricaalot.B.E-commercecansatisfythehigherdemandsfromconsumers.C.E-commerceispreventedbyvarioussystemicandstructuralissuesinAfrica.D.E-commercedevelopsrapidlyduetotechnologicaladvancesinAfrica.29.Whydotheinstancesofundeliveredpackages,mislaiditemsordelayshappenfrequentlyinAfrica?A.BecausetheeconomyinAfricancountriesdevelopedbadly.B.BecausemanyaddressrecordsareunqualifiedinAfricannations.C.BecauseAfricanconsumersisafraidtobecheatedbythesellers.D.BecausethelogisticsnetworkinAfricahaslotsofproblems.30.Thebiggestobstacletoe-commerceinAfricais.A.Uneducatedpeople.B.Badlogisticsnetwork.C.Pooreconomy.D.Infrastructuretroubles.31.Whichcanbethebestsubstitutefortheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?A.Can’tbecontradicted.B.Can’tbecomprehended.C.Can’tbeaccepted.D.Can’tbeimagined.DAllthewhile,oneofourmostvaluablefirefightingallieshasremainedoverlooked:Thebeaver(河貍).Fordecades,scientistshaverecognizedthattheNorthAmericanbeaverprovidesseriesofecologicalbenefitsthroughoutitsrangefromnorthernMexicotoAlaska.Beaverpondsandwetlandshavebeenshowntofilteroutwaterpollution,sequestercarbon(幫助固碳),andattenuatefloods(減輕洪水).Researchershavelongsuspectedthatthesearchitectsofferyetanothercrucialservice:Slowingthespreadofwildfire.Arecentstudyconcludesthat,buildingdams,formingponds,anddiggingcanals,beaverswatervaststreamcorridorsandcreatefireproofrefugesinwhichplantsandanimalscanshelter.Insomecases,thebeavers'engineeringcanevenstopfireinitstracks."EmilyFairfax,anecohydrologistatCaliforniaStateUniversityChannelIslands,andcolleagueAndrewWhittlechosemajorwildfiresthathadoccurredsince2000infiveU.S.states—California,Colorado,Idaho,Oregon,andWyoming—andsearchedsatelliteimagesfornearbybeaverdamsandponds.Then,usingastatisticalmeasureofplanthealth,theycalculatedthelushness(光澤度)ofthesurroundingvegetationbefore,during,andafterthefires.Unsurprisingly,well-wateredplantstendedtoappearvividgreeninthesatellitephotos,whiledryplantslookedcomparativelybrown.Agreen,hydrated(含水的)plant,ofcourse,isalsolessflammable(易燃的)thanadry,crispyone.Andthat'swhatmakesbeaverecosystemssofireproof.Theselifeboatsdon'tmerelyprotectbeaversthemselves:Avarietyofanimals—includingamphibians,reptiles,birds,andsmallmammals—likelyhunkerdowninthesebeaver-builtfire“shelter”,Fairfaxsays.Beaverhabitatalsoprotectsdomesticlivestockandagriculturallands,addsFairfax,whosestudywaspublishedinEcologicalApplications.Inaddition,beaversmayhelpanecosystemrecoverfromwildfire.Despiteallthegoodthatbeaversdo,thousandsofthemarekilledeveryyearforfloodingroads,cuttingdowntrees,andcausingotherdamagetohumanproperty.Fairfaxsays,"Strategicallyembracingbeaversinlocalwatershedscouldprovidereassurancethatyouhavewetsoilsandwetplantsaroundyourtown,"Fairfaxsays.Infact,asherpaper'stitlesuggests,theU.S.ForestServicemightwanttoconsideranewanimalmascot(吉祥物):SmokeytheBeaver.32.Fairfaxandhercolleaguemadetheirconclusionby_____.A.usingpublisheddataC.inquiringintosomeareasB.analyzingthesatellitephotosD.makingcomparisonofdifferentanimals33.Inwhatwaycanbeaversslowthespreadofwildfire?A.Theymaketheirhabitatsuitableforplantstogrowin.B.Theyprotectmanyotheranimalsandagriculturallands.C.Theymakespecialsoundstowarnpeopleofacomingfire.D.Theymaketheirhabitatwetbystoringhugeamountsofwater.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Thebeaverisverycute.B.Thebeavercontributestopreventingwildfires.C.Weareresponsibletoprotectthebeaverfromextinction.D.Weshouldmakeuseoftheecologicalfunctionsofthebeaver.35.Whichisthesuitabletitleforthearticle?A.Thebeaver:anewmascotoftheU.S.ForestService.B.Thebeaver:agoodfirefighterthathasbeenoverlooked.C.Beaverpond:ashelterformanyplantsandanimals.D.Wildlife:agreatthreattotheforest.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheNorthStar,alsoknownasPolaris,isoftenemployedbycamperstohelpthemfindtheirwaywhenlost.YoumayalsojustwanttofindtheNorthStarforfunifyou'reintostargazing.36.Asmostconstellations(星座)areinthenorthernsky,you'llneedtofigureoutwhichdirectionisnorthfirst.Ifyoudonothaveacompass,youcanrelyonsignsfromnaturetofindoutwhetherornotyou'refacingnorth.37.LocatetheNorthStarwithyoursmartphone.Therearemanysmartphoneapplicationsthatworksomethinglikeatelescope.Youallowthephonetofindyourlocation,andthenpointyourphonetothesky.Thephoneactsasinteractivemap,identifyingstarsandconstellationsforyou.38.Investinastaratlas.39.Iftheideaofcarryingyourphonearoundwhilestargazingkillsthefunforyou,considerbuyingastaratlasinstead.Youshouldalsoalwaystakeanatlaswithyouwhenhikingintheeventthatyourphonebatterydies.Astaratlasisabookthatbreaksdownthenightskybytheregionandtimeofyear.YoucanusethegraphicsandchartsprovidedinastaratlastolocatetheNorthStaronanygivennight.40.Youcanusedesktopapplicationsforyourcomputertoknowhowtheskywilllookonagivennight.Thesedevicescanhelpyouplanahead.You'llgooutsidewitharoughideaofwhereyoucanexpecttofindtheNorthStar.A.Planaheadwithyourcomputer.B.Herearesomeotherwaystohelpyou.C.FindingtheDirectionNorthwithtwosticks.D.Staratlaseshavebeenaroundforalongtime.E.ThiscanpreventyoufromlocatingtheNorthStar.F.YoucanrelyonconstellationsinthenightskytofindtheNorthStar.G.Someapplicationscanalsoenhancevisualstoseestarsmoreeasily.第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分,共15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。In2015,mynephew,hiswifeandtheirtwosmallchildrenmovedtoNawala,asuburbinColombo,SriLanka.41.theirnaturalloveofanimals—andbirdsinparticular—remained,mynephewhadaninternal42.builtnexttotheirnewlivingroomwithafishpond,treesandcreepers.Returninghomeafteraweekendaway,thekidsnoticedthatapairofred-ventedbulbulshadcreatedanestofleavesandbranchesinaspacebetweenapaintingandthewallinsidethehouse43._____thecourtyard.Soontherewerethreelittlehatchlings.44.,aboutaweekaftertheyhadhatched,tragedystruck.Despiterulesthatnooneshould45.thebirdfamily,aceilingfanclosetothenestwas46.switchedon.Whenthemamabirddecidedtotakeflightshefelltothegroundanddied.Thequestionthenwashowto47.theselittlebirds.Mynephewandhiskidsdecidedtofeedtheyoungoneswithwhateverfoodtheycould48.,butnoonecould49.thedelicateartofamotherbirdfeedingheryoungviaapointedbeak(鳥(niǎo)喙).Itwasimpossibletogentlyplacescrapsoffoodintotheopenmouthsofthebabybirdsandadaypassedwithoutanyfoodmakingitswayintothe50.babies.Whenmynephew'sfamilyhadalmostgivenuphope,thepapabirdappeared.Hecheckedoutthenest,perhaps51.thathismateandthemotherofhisbabieswas52.thenflewaway.Afewhourspassedandthepapabirdreturnedaccompaniedbyanotherbird.Shewentstraighttothenestandfedthehungrybabieswithfoodshehad53.inherbeak.Thenewfemalered-ventedbulbulbecametheir54.mother.Shecontinuedto55.thedutiesofmother,protectingandfeedingthebabies,untiltheyhadsufficientstrengthtocrawloutandflyaway.Loveisnotonlyaninstinct,butalsomiracle.41.A.WhenB.AsC.IfD.Though42.A.nestB.houseC.wallD.courtyard43.A.neartoB.farfromC.outsideD.oppositeto44.A.EventuallyB.StrangelyC.UnfortunatelyD.Apparently45.A.disturbB.huntC.annoyD.tear46.A.hopelesslyB.carelesslyC.