2021屆高考英語閱讀理解題型精準練-詞義猜測題

高中高中2021屆高考英語閱讀理解題型精準練——詞義猜測題Whilesomefarmersarequicktotellvisitorstogetofftheirland,DavidWalstonisdoingtheopposite.Hehasdonatedlandonhisfamilyfarmtocreatetwolargecommunityvegetablegardensandinvitedsurroundingvillagestogetinvolved."IthoughtthethingIcandofairlyuniquelyisprovidethelandandmachinerytotrytomakepeople'slivesbetterduringthelockdown".MrWalston.37.whorunsThriplowFarms,southofCambridge,said."Theenthusiasmhassurprisedmealot,with114peoplefromfivevillagessigningup."Thetwo1,000sqmareaswillbeopenforanyonetohelpwithanyjobthatneedsdoing.Awiderangeofvegetableswillbegrown,includingpeas,broccoli,sweetcorn,squash,potatoesandleeks,InMrWalston'sscheme,whichhehascalledCoveg,peoplecandoasmuchoraslittleastheylikeandtheproducewillbeshared,andanysurplusgiventotheelderlyandNHSworkers.Noneoftheproducewillbesoldanddistributionwillbeonlylooselylinkedtotheamountofworkdone.Heislendinghismachineryforthebackbreakingwork.Farmsuppliersaresupportingtheproject,withKingsSeedsandTozerdonatingseedsandHowsemanAgricultureofferingirrigationequipment.ClaireMackenzie,47,adoctorfromBarrington,hasagreedtobringseedsintheirowngardenstothecommunityplots.SheseesCovegasawayofconnectinglocalpeopletothecountrysidethatsurroundsthem."Weliveinanarableareabutweoftendonotknowourfarmers.Thisisabrilliantwayofpullingpeopletogether,"shesaid.Shehopestogethertwoteenagesonsinvolved.MrWalston'sideahasalreadypromptedthreelocalfarmerswhoalsowanttodonateparcelsoftheirlandtocontacthim.Theyhaveacorneroflandthatwouldbesuitableandmachinerythatwouldtakethebackbreakingworkoutofpreparation.Theycan'twaittooffer.4.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"prompted"inParagraph6?

A.inspired. B.discouraged. C.threatened. D.persuaded.TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseedstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffects”,acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects----agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen---ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho"untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath."GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath."It'slikesurgery,"hesays.“Wedon'tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn'tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou'reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient'ssuicideaslongasyoudon'tintendtheirsuicide."Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagony(痛苦)ofdying.JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt'srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,”totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse.”Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension(暫停).”3.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword"aggressive"(line3,paragraph7)?A.Bold. B.Harmful. C.Careless. D.Desperate.Morethan￡5,500hasbeenraisedafteraplea(請愿)lastMondaybyavetDrScottMiller.Scottsaid:“Iwouldliketosayamassivethank-youtoExpressreadersfrommyself,fromAustraliaandfromthekoalas.It’samazingthatpeoplefromacrosstheworldcanseehowsignificantthecatastrophehasbeen.Idoappreciatethatpeoplearebeingverysupportiveandreachingintotheirpockets.”Anarea,athirdofthesizeofBritainisestimatedtohavebeenravaged(毀壞)sincetheblazes(火災)beganinSeptember.OnFridayastateofemergencywasdeclaredinthecapitalCanberra,withresidentstoldtopreparetoevacuateasfiresontheoutskirts(市郊)threatenedtospread.Abillionanimalsarefearedtohavedied,including25,000koalas.LastweekScotttoldhowhehadvisitedhishomeland,helpingtosavewildlifeonKangarooIslandoffthecoastofAdelaide.Whilethereherescuedamotherandababykoalawhowerestuckinatree.Thepairwererushedtoafieldhospitalontheislandtobetreated.Themumhadsevereburnstoherpawsandwasbadlydehydrated(脫水的),whileherbabysonhadaneyeinjuryandwasunderweight.Scott,whohasappearedonITV’sThisMorningandBBC’sBluePeter,saidthemotherisshowing“greatsignsofimprovement”andherwoundsarestartingtoheal.Thebabyhasundergonesurgerytohiseyeandis“recoveringfromtheanesthetic(麻藥)anddoingwell”.Butheadded:“Themotherremainsdehydratedsoisn’tproducingenoughmilktofeedthebaby.Atthemomentthey’rebeinghousedseverallybutthereisthehopethatwhenthebabyisalittlestrongerhewillbeabletobereturnedtohismother.”Evenaftertheyrecover,thepairwillprobablyspendtheirlivesinanenclosurewhilethebushtakesyearstorecover.Scottsaid:“Sadlypatientsarestillcominginthickandfast.Eachoftheseanimalsisrequiringtobehousedandfed,andregularmedicaltreatmenttotheirinjuries.”

3.What

does

the

underlined

word

in

paragraph

5

probably

mean?

A.Separately B.Seriously C.Successfully D.SympatheticallyLONDON-

Togetamobilephoneasagiftfor14thbirthday,Lucydeclaredtoherparentsthateveryoneelsehasone.Herparentsgavein.Curioustoknowhowherdaughterwouldusethephone,JaneBidder,themother,followedLucytotheschoolbusinthemorning.Thebusseats20,ofwhomhalfhaveamobilephone.Oneringsandseveraladolescentownersfumblewith(笨拙地撫弄)theirbags.Manyparentshavejustcometorealizethatthemobilephoneisnolongerfortravelingbusinessmen—itisaslikelytobefoundinschoolbags.Themobilephoneseemstohavebecomesomethingessential(必需品)fortoday’steensinBritain,accordingtoasurveypublishedlastweek,byNOP,aleadingmarketresearchcompanyinBritain.Researchfoundthat66percentof16–year–oldsnowhaveaccesstoamobilephone.Themobilephonehasbeenturnedintoasecretmessagingservicebyteenusers.Whentheyaretalkingonthemobile,theirparentsarenotableto

eavesdrop

onthesecondline.Theinterviewwith2,019youngpeopleaged7to16foundthattheyfavorthetextmessagingservicebecausetheyofferasecretwayofkeepingintouch.Thedaysofsecretnotesintheclassroomaredyingout.Forexample,“cul”means“seeyoulater”;“l(fā)ol”means“l(fā)aughoutloud’;and“2nite”istheabbreviationof“tonight”.AllthesearebasedonshorthandphrasesontheInternet.Manyschoolshavebannedstudentsusingmobilephones.Buttheyarenotverysuccessful.Stillphonesringintheclassanddisturbstudy.Besides,peopleareworriedaboutthehealthrisktokidsusingmobilephones.Scientistsbelievechildrenareespeciallyvulnerable(易受傷的)mobileradiation(輻射).

3.Theunderlinedword“eavesdrop”means________.

A.joininactively B.interruptrudely

C.listensecretly D.watchcarefully

ChineseCultureShowntotheWorldwithLoveLiZiqi,ashortvideobloggerspecializingintraditionalChinesecookingandhandicrafts,hasgainedworldwidepopularity.Lihasabout20millionfollowersonSinaWeibo,China’sequivalenttoTwitter,plus7millionfollowersonoverseassocialmedianetworks.ManyforeignerssaytheyhavegottoknowtraditionalChinesefoodcultureviaherchannel.Itisthespiritofcraftsmanship(技藝)behindherworksthatmakesLi’svideoclipsattractive.ShestrictlyfollowstheauthentictraditionalstepsandproceduresinmakingtraditionalChinesefoodandhandicrafts,suchaspeachflowerwineandsilk,andgoestogreatlengthstoensurehervideosareaccurate.Sometimesshespendsseveralmonthsproducingoneofhervideos.Lihasbeeninheriting(繼承)traditionalChinesecultureinarathercreativeway.Acloserlookathervideoswillshowthattheyareneverwithany“analysis”thatmakespeoplefeelbored.TheyjustshowaudienceseachandeverydetailoftraditionalChineseculturesothatthelatterknowshowChineselivetheirbeautifulandelegantlives.Itisthatuniversalappealthatmakesherworkssoattractive.ThankstoLi'sefforts,manyintangibleculturalheritagesthatonlyexistedinmemoriesandwrittenrecordsnowappearbeforeoureyes.Viahershortvideos,LipresentstheimageofabeautifulandfriendlyChina.WiththegrowthoftheChineseeconomy,peopleoverseasareshowingmoreinterestintraditionalChineseculture.Lihasshownhowtosatisfythatinterestinagoodway,namelyshowingthebestpartsoftraditionalChineseculturewithherheart.ToeffectivelypresentthebeautyofChineseculturetotheworld,weneedmoreLiZiqi.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intangible”inParagraph4mean?

A.nonphysical B.inaccessible C.invaluable D.unnoticeable

WhenLaurenMarlerbeganhavingdisturbingsymptomsattheageof15,shesomehowknewitwascancer.Aftersomeresearch,sherealizedshewasright.Butthatwasjustthebeginningofherhorrificcancerjourney.Marler'sdoctorsdiscoveredthatwhatshehadwastrulyunlucky—butshe'sstillheretotellhertale.In2005,Marlernoticedbloodinherstool;shewastooembarrassedtotellanyone.Fortwoyearsshekeptsilent.“IlookedupmysymptomsandknewIhadallthesignsforcoloncancer,”shesays.“However,mymomthoughtIwasoverreacting.”Eventually,thedoctorshevisitedconfirmedshehadacoloncancerattheageof17.“ThedoctorsaidthatIneededtogettotheUniversityofTexasMDAndersonCancerCentreimmediately,”Marlerrecalls.ThereshemetwithMiguelRodriguez-Bigas,whoremovedMarler'sentirecolonandalmostallofherrectum(直腸).Butjustninemonthslater,thecancerreturned.“Whenmymomtoldme,Ijustfeltlike,‘You'vegottobekiddingme.Ijustwanttobeanormalkid.’”Afteranothersurgery,threemonthsofchemotherapy(化療),Marlerbelievedthathercancerbattleshadtobeover.Then,duringaroutinescantoensurethatshewasstillinremission(重病的緩解期)fiveyearslater,23-year-oldMarlergotacall.“Thedoctorcalledtotellmethatthescanshowedaspotinmyuterus(子宮)anditwasendometrialcancer,anaggressiveone.WewentbacktoMDAndersontomeetwithPedroT.Ramirez,whorecommendedafullhysterectomy(子宮切除).”PuzzledbyMarler'shistory,Dr.Rodriguez­Bigasrecommendedthatshegetgenetictesting.Thetestingrevealedthebadnews:MarlerhadanincrediblyraredisordercalledCMMRD.Dr.Rodriguez­Bigasexplainedthatthedisordermakesapersonlikelytosufferfromdifferentcancers.Thereisnotreatmentforthedisorder,onlypreventivecare—primarilyregularscanstocatchanydevelopingcancersearly.Armedwithananswerforthegriefandsufferingshehadenduredforthepastdecadeofherlife,Marleractuallyfeltasenseofrelief.“It'sheartbreaking,butatleastIhaveananswer.”Threeyearslater,Marlerwasunabletoshakewhatshethoughtwassinusinfection(鼻竇感染).Marler'smotherknewsomethingwasn'trightwhenMarlerrefusedtogobacktothehospitalbecauseofthelevelofpainshefelt.Onthistriptothehospital,Marlerwasadmittedandscanned.“Icouldn'tbelieveitwashappeningagain.Themedicaltestshowedthatitwaslymphoma(淋巴瘤),oneofthehardesttypestotreat.ThedoctorstoldmethetreatmentwasgoingtobesopainfulthatIwouldhatethembythetimeitwasover.Theywereright.”Marlerenduredsixdifferenttypesofchemotherapyatthesametime,oneofwhichwasdeliveredthroughherspinalcord.Shewasrequiredtobeadmittedtothehospitaleveryotherweekforsixdays.“IwassoweakthatIcouldn'tgetoffmycouch.Ilostallofmyhair,andIhadseverebodyaches,”sherecalls.Today,at28,Marlerisonceagaininremission—somethingshedefinitelydoesn'ttakeforgranted.Shecreditsherfamilyforherabilitytoendureherrepeatedbattleswithasmile.Shesays,“Ilaughalot.That'sonethingmyfamilydoesreallywell—wecanfindthehumourinanysituation.I'vealwaysfoundawaytolaugh.Idoworryaboutwhat'snext,butIcan'tletitconsumeme.I'velearnedtolivewithit.”

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aggressive”mean?

A.Beinglikelytospreadquickly. B.Makingoneselfreadytoattack.

C.Requiringchemotherapytocureit. D.Actingwithdeterminationtosucceed.

Drivingwhiletalkingonthephoneincreasesthelikelihoodofanaccidentandisactuallymoredangerousthandrivingdrunk,U.S.researchersreport.Thisholdstruewhetherthedriverisholdingacellphoneorusingahands?freedevice.“Asasociety,wehaveagreedonnottoleratingtheriskassociatedwithdrunkdriving,"saidresearcherFrankDrews,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofUtah.“This

studyshowsusthatsomebodywhoisconversingonacellphoneisexposinghimorherselfandotherstoasimilarrisk—cellphonesactuallyareahigherrisk,”hesaid.Inthestudy,40peoplefollowedapacecaralongaprescribedcourse,usingadrivingsimulator(模擬儀).Somepeopledrovewhiletalkingonacellphone,othersdrovewhiledrunk(meaningtheirblood-alcohollimitmatchedthelegallimitof0.08percent),andothersdrovewithnosuchdistractions.Theresearchersfoundanincreasedaccidentratewhenpeoplewereconversingonthecellphone.Driversoncellphoneswere5.36timesmorelikelytogetinanaccident.Thebottomline:Cell?phoneusewaslinkedto“asignificantincreaseintheaccidentrate,”Drewssaid.Thephoneusersdidevenworsethantheinebriated,theUtahteamfound.Therewerethreeaccidentsamongthosetalkingoncellphones—alloftheminvolvingarear?ending(追尾)ofthepacecar.Incontrast,therewerenoaccidentsrecordedamongparticipantswhoweredrunk.Inresponsetosafetyconcerns,somestateshavedeclareditillegaltousehand?heldcell

phoneswhiledriving.Butthattypeoflawmaynotbeeffective,becausetheUtahresearchers

foundnodifferenceindriverperformancewhetherthedriverwasholdingthephoneortalkingonahands?freemodel.“Wehaveseenagainandagainthatthereisnodifferencebetweenhands?freeandhand?held

devices,”Drewssaid.“Theproblemistheconversation.Thebestsolutiontotheproblemis

obvious:Don’ttalkonthephonewhileyouaredriving.”2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“theinebriated”inparagraph5referto?

A.Thedrunkdrivers. B.Theresearchers.

C.Thecell-phone-freedrivers. D.TheUtahteam.

Doesitmatterifalanguagediesout?Thetraditionalanswerisyes,becauseeverylanguageisarepository(智囊)ofideasandcultureandrepresentsauniquewayoflookingattheworld.Theplanetonlyhasabout7,000languages;theextinctionofevenonedecreasesthesumtotalofhumanknowledge.Butinsomecases,extinctioncanbeseeninamorepositivelight.TakeAl-SayyidBedouinSignLanguage(ABSL)forexample,restrictedtoabout1,000usersinasmallIsraelivillagewithahighlevelofborndeafness,thelanguageseemstobeboundtodiebythespreadofIsraelisignlanguage.ThenaturalreactiontothelossofABSLisregret.Itisafascinatinglanguagethathaskeptlinguistsbusysinceitcametotheirattentionaround15yearsago.Butforthedeafvillagers,Israelisignlanguageisanupgrade:itallowsthemtospeaktotensofthousandsofpeopleratherthanafewhundred,andenablesthemtoworkandmarryoutsidethevillage.Itishardtoseethatasanythingotherthanprogress.Similarly,otherendangeredlanguagesdieoutbecausepeopleabandontheminfavorofonesthatservetheirneedsbetter.Technologyalsosoftenstheblow,asendangeredlanguagescannowbecapturedindetail-whichalsomeanstheycouldeventuallybebroughtbackfromthedead,muchastheHebrewlanguagewasinthe19thcentury.Itisnow