2021-2022年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)烏蘭察布市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）

2021-2022年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)烏蘭察布市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Exploitinghydroelectricpowerresourcecancostbillionsofdollars,forhydroelectricplantsnormallyhave______.

2.

AlfredKorzybskiobservedthat_________________affectshowwehandleproblemsandhowwebehave.

3.PassageOne

Icameacrossanoldcountryguidetheotherday.Itlistedallthetradesmenineachvillageinmypartofthecountry,miditwasimpressivetoseethegreatvarietyofserviceswhichwereavailableonone'sowndoorstepinthelateVictoriancountryside.

NowadaysasuperficialtravelerinruralEnglandmightconcludethattheonlyvillagetradesmenweresellingfrozenfoodtotheinhabitantsorsellingantiques(古玩)tovisitors.Nevertheless,thiswouldreallybeafalseimpression.Therehasbeenacontraction(衰退)ofvillagecommerce,butitsvigorisremarkable.

Ourlocalgrocer'sshop,forexample,isactuallyexpandinginspiteofthecompetitionfromsupermarketsinthenearesttown.Womenprefertogothereandexchangethelocalnewswhiledoingtheirshoppinginsteadofqueuingup(排隊(duì))atasupermarket.Andtheownerknowswellthatpersonalservicehasasubstantialcashvalue.

Hispricesmaybeabithigherthanthoseinthetown,buthewilldeliveranythingatanytime.Hisassistantsthinknothingofbicyclingdownthevillagestreetintheirlunchhourtotakeapieceofcheesetoanoldagepensionerwhosentherorderbywordofmouthwithafriendwhohappenedtobepassing.Thewealthiercustomerstelephonetheirshoppinglistsandthegoodsareontheirdoorstepswithinanhour.Theyhaveonlytohintatafancyforsomecommodity(商品)outsidetheusualstockandthegrocer,ared-facedfigure,instantlyobtainsitforthem.

Thevillagegainsfromthissortofenterprise.ButIalsofinditsatisfactorybecauseavillageshopoffersoneofthefewwaysinwhichamodestindividualistcanstillgetalongintheworldwithoutattachinginmyselftothebigbattalions(隊(duì)伍)ofindustryorcommerce.

PassageTwo

TodaythegamereservesofEastAfricaarefacinganumberofthreats.Althoughtheyearnconsiderablerevenuebyattractingtourists,theytakeuplandwhichisincreasinglysoughtbythelocalpeople.Whilethesereservesfeedandprotectanimals,theyareindangerofturningintobarrenareasordeserts.Trees,shrubsandgrassaregraduallybeingeatenbygrazingherds.

Anotherproblemistobefoundinthechangingattitudesoftheanimalsthemselves.Manyofthemarelosingtheirhereditary(天生的)fearofman.Inthiswaytheymaybecomeadangertovisitorsandthustothemselves.Attacksonvehiclesarebeginningtoincrease,anditispossiblethattheproblemswillbecomeseriousinafewyears'time.

Theproblemofshortageoflandisnotasimpleone.Asthepopulationincreases,moreandmorepeoplelookhungrilyatthelandsetasideforgamereserves.TheyclaimthataGovernment'sfirstdutyistoitsinhabitantsandnottotouristsortowildanimals.Despitetheincomeobtainedfromtourism,thisisanargumentwhichitisdifficulttoanswersatisfactorily.

PassageThree

Beforethe1930's,workerswereonlypaidaslongastheywere"smart."Iftheyweresmartenoughnottobeill,theywerepaid.Iftheyweresmartenoughnottobeinjured,theywerepaid.Andiftheywereverysmart,theywouldfindstrengthtoworkeverydayuntiltheydied.Whenpeoplewerenotthis"smart,"theylookedforhelp.Theirfamilies,privatecharities,andchurchesdidwhattheycould.Allofthesegroupshelpedwhentheeconomywashealthy.

WhentheDepressionhit,families,charities,andchurcheswereweakened.Andtherewasmoreneedofthemthaneverbefore.PatCauley,aconstructionworker,keptadiary.Hereisanentryfrom1932:"Wenttochurch.Isaidthefamilyneededsomethingtokeepgoing.Gotnicesermon(說(shuō)教).Camehome,pocketsempty."Cauley'sstorywastoldbymillionsofothers.Evenwhencharitiesdidhelp,peoplewerenotcompletelyhappy.Peopleonsouplinesdidnetstarve.Buttheirpride

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4.Thesecondparagraphmainlyindicatesthat______.

A.notesandcoinsplayalessimportantrolethanbefore

B.cashstilldominatestheeconomiclifeinthesociety

C.wedon'tneedasmuchmoneyinflowasgoodsvalue

D.therearemanyinconveniencesincashtransactions

5.

SomecarrierspushedtheirvoicetrafficovertheInternetbecause______.

6.

BlayWhitbypointedoutthatpeopleonlybegantobeawareofthesafetyissue______.

A.whenhouseholdrobotswereinvented

B.whenrobotswereinwideuse

C.aftersomegraveaccidents

D.tenyearsorsoago

7.

Mr.Bellavancecashedouthispension,soldhishouseandunloadedthingshedidn'tneedatgarageafterlosinghisjobinordertochangehisfinancesinto______mode.

8.IfalltheiceintheAntarcticmelted,globalsealevelswouldrisehugely.

9.Bluetooth

Whenyouusecomputers,entertainmentsystemsortelephones,thevariouspiecesandpartsofthesystemsmakeupacommunityofelectronicdevices.Thesedevicescommunicatewitheachotherusingavarietyofwires,cables,radiosignalsandinfraredlight(紅外線)beams,andanevengreatervarietyofconnectorsandplugs.

Theartofconnectingthingsisbecomingmoreandmorecomplexeveryday.AndBluetoothhasnowbecomeanewpopularmethodofconnectingdevicesthatcanstreamlinetheprocess.ABluetoothconnectioniswirelessandautomatic,andittakessmall-areanetworkingtothenextlevelbyremovingtheneedforuserinterventionandkeepingtransmissionpowerextremelylowtosavebatterypower.

BluetoothOperation

Bluetoothnetworkingtransmitsdatavialow-powerradiowaves.Itcommunicatesonafrequencyof2.45gigahertz(千兆赫)(actuallybetween2.402GHZand2.480GHz,tobeexact).Thisfrequencybandhasbeensetasidebyinternationalagreementfortheuseofindustrial,scientificandmedicaldevices(ISM).

Anumberofdevicesthatyoumayalreadyusetakeadvantageofthissameradio-frequencyband.Babymonitors(微型監(jiān)視器),garage-dooropenersandthenewestgenerationofcordlessphones(無(wú)繩電話)allmakeuseoffrequenciesintheISMband.

OneofthewaysBluetoothdevicesavoidinterferingwithothersystemsisbysendingoutveryweaksignalsofabout1milliwatt.Bycomparison,themostpowerfulcellphonescantransmitasignalof3watts.ThelowpowerlimitstherangeofaBluetoothdevicetoabout10meters(32feet),cuttingthechancesofinterferencebetweenyourcomputersystemandyourportabletelephoneortelevision.Evenwiththelowpower,Bluetoothdoesn'trequirelineofsightbetweencommunicatingdevices.Thewallinyourhousewon'tstopaBluetoothsignal,makingthestandardusefulforcontrollingseveraldevicesindifferentrooms.

Bluetoothcanconnectuptoeightdevicessimultaneously.Withallofthosedevicesinthesame10-meter(32-foot)radius,youmightthinkthey'dinterferewithoneanother,butit'sunlikely.Bluetoothusesatechniquecalledspread-spectrum(擴(kuò)展頻譜)frequencythatmakesitrareformorethanonedevicetobetransmittingonthesamefrequencyatthesametime.Inthistechnique,adevicewilluse79individual,randomlychosenfrequencieswithinadesignatedrange,changingfromonetoanotheronaregularbasis.InthecaseofBluetooth,thetransmitterschangefrequencies1,600timeseverysecond,meaningthatmoredevicescanmakefulluseofalimitedsliceoftheradiospectrum.SinceeveryBluetoothtransmitter(傳輸設(shè)備)usesspread-spectrumtransmittingautomatically,it'sunlikelythattwotransmitterswillbeonthesamefrequencyatthesametime.ThissametechniqueminimizestheriskthatportablephonesorbabymonitorswilldisruptBluetoothdevices,sinceanyinterferenceonaparticularfrequencywilllastonlyatinyfractionofasecond.

Piconets(個(gè)人域網(wǎng)絡(luò))

Let'ssayyouhaveatypicalmodernlivingroomwiththetypicalmodernstuffinside.There'sanentertainmentsystemwithastereo,aDVDplayer,asatelliteTVreceiverandatelevision;there'salsoacordlesstelephoneandapersonalcomputer.EachofthesesystemsusesBluetooth,andeachformsitsownpiconettotalkbetweenthemainunitandperipheral(外圍設(shè)備).

ThecordlesstelephonehasoneBluetoothtransmitterinthebaseandanotherinthehandset.Themanufacturerhasprogrammedeachunitwithanaddressthatfallsintoarangeofaddressesithasestablishedforaparticulartypeofdevice.Whenthebaseisfirstturnedon,itsendsradiosignalsaskingforaresponsefromanyunitswithanaddressinaparticularrange.Sincethehandsethasanaddressintherange,itresponds,andatinynetworkisformed.Now,evenifoneofthe

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10.

Suchexpensesaschildcareanddependentsupportingcanbewithheldfromthepaycheckfor______.

11.Twins

Thesamefactorsthatgiverisetouncannyphysicalsimilaritiesbetweentwins--similaritiesaremirroredingeneticsimilaritiesthatcanhavemorenegativeimpact.AustralianresearcherDavidHayhasfoundthatonetypeofidenticaltwinseemstobeplaguedwithdevelopmentaldifficulties,especiallyinlanguageacquisition,andthatbothparentsandteachersaddtothesedifficultiesbyrespondingmorepositivelytotheolderofthetwo.

Hayhasfoundthatjustasmanyidenticaltwinsare"mirrorimages"ofoneanother--withthefacialstructure,dominanthandandevenfingerprintsofoneexactlyreversedintheother---theirbrainsalsoseemtoreflectthesamephenomenon.

QuestionsaboutIdenticalTwins

"Itisalmostimpossibletofindidenticalpairs(oftwinswiththesamebrainstructure),"saysHay,whopresentedsomeofhisfindingsontwinsattheInternationalSocietyforTwinStudyConferenceinAmsterdaminSeptember."Thereisgenerallynorelationshipbetweenhowtheirbrainsfunction;thetwinsworkandthinkdifferently.""Thelefthalfofthebraincontrolslanguageskillsinonetwinwhileintheotheritistherighthalf,"hecontinues."Soonetwinmayhavedifficultyinthereceptionoflanguageandtheotherincommunication."

"Westillhavepilesofquestionsaboutidenticaltwins,"headds.

Hayheadsoneoftheworld'slargeststudiesontwinsatLaTrobeUniversityinMelbourne,andhasstudied587setsoftwinsandtheirsiblingsoverthelast10years.Hehasfoundthatbothgeneticandsocialfactorscombinetoputtwinsatadisadvantage,butthatstepscanbetakentosettheyoungstersonthepathtonormaldevelopment.Thetwinswhoexperiencethebulkoftheproblemsarethesecondoftwotypesofidenticaltwins,saysHay.Thefirsttype,comprisingone-thirdofallidenticaltwins,resultswhenthefertilizedeggsplitsthreetofourdaysafterconception.Theseembryoshaveseparateplacentas.Thesecondgroupformswhentheeggdividesfourtoeightdaysafterconception.Theysharethesameplacenta,andare"mirrorimage"twinsinabout70percentofthecases.Thisgroupisatthehighestriskforarangeofsocialandlearningproblems,aswellasforcongenitalabnormalitiessuchasspinalbifidaandcleftpalate.Haypointsoutthattwinstraditionallyhavebeenknowntohavedifficultiesacquiringlanguagesills."They'reolderwhentheysaytheirfirstword,theirsentencesareshorterandbabytalkpersistslongerthatitdoeswithotherchildren,'hesays."Theyarealsoknowntodevelopasecretlanguagetheyusetocommunicatewithoneanother."Hayhasfoundthatthisexclusivelanguageisusuallytheresultofonetwinomittinglettersandsyllablesasheorshehurriestogetamessageacrossbeforetheotheroneinterrupts."Inasensetheirlanguageisveryadaptivetotheirownenvironment,butunfortunately,maladaptivetoothersituations,"hesays."Untilrecentlyitwasbelievedlanguageproblemsgraduallydiminisheduntilaroundthetimeofstartingschoolforallchildren.Butnowitappearsthattwinsinparticulardevelopashakyfoundationinthisareathathastobecorrectedearly."

ProblemswithTwinBoys

Hayhasalsofoundthat"mirrorimage"identicaltwinboysareespeciallyatalossintryingtopickuplanguageskillsinschool.Theyareatadoubledisadvantage,henotes,becauseboysarenormallysloweratlanguageacquisitionthangirlsare.AccordingtoHay,asmanyas90percentofthe"mirrorimage"boysatprimarylevelhadsomereadingproblemswhile23percentwereseriouslylearning-disabled.Butenvironmentalfactorscontributeevenmoreheavilytotwins'troubles,Haybelieves.Identicaltwins,hisresearchshows,havecausetochallengetheirparents'fairness.Parentstendtolavishmoretimeandattentiononthefirst-borntwin,whoiso

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12.

Asasmartphone,Treo600hasGPSantennasandaccesstolocalWi-Fihotspots.

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13.

ItwasreportedthatSudanesePresidentOmarA1-BashirrequestedthattheSudaneseprisonersheldatGuantanamoBaybe______.

14.

Anotherwayofsolvingthepronounproblemistouse______insteadofthesingular.

15.

Whatispeople'sattitudetowardsamixtureofbloodbetweendogsandwolves?

A.It'snotencouraged.

B.It'sstronglyprotested.

C.It'swarmlywelcomed.

D.It'srespondedindifferently.

16.

Thegoodpartsofalltheprogramskeepgettingbetterbecauseof______.

17.

By2030,theillnessestoaccountforlosthealthylifemostdoNOTinclude______.

A.depressionB.HIVC.AIDSD.autism

18.

PeopleinEuropehavehadmoreadvancedtechnologyinusingwindpowerthanAmericans.

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19.

Afterspendingcountlesshoursimprovingsomeaspectofaprogram,thehobbyistofFlightSimulatorthen______.

20.

Onewayofstoppingthe"littlemen"fromcomingtothehousewasto______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(32)

A.Itisworryingtopenalizetheinnocentmajorityfortheminority.

B.Itisquitereasonabletodosoforthesakeofthestores.

C.Itisthebestwaytopreventshop-lifting.

D.Itisincredibletohaveallthecustomerspenalized.

22.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Wasthemovieasgoodasyouexpected?

W:It'shardtosay.Ionlysawthetailendofthefilm.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(18)

A.Shedoesn'tknowwhetherthefilmisgoodornot.

B.Thefilmishardtounderstand.

C.Shesawthefilmfrombeginningtoend.

D.Shesawonlythelastpartofthefilm.

23.(26)

A.Theywouldhaveenjoyedahappierlife.

B.Theywouldhavehaddifficultybeingpromoted.

C.Theywouldhavebeenshiftedaroundthecountry.

D.Theywouldhavetastedlittlebitternessofdisgrace.

24.【B3】

25.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Wouldyoumindsendingchampagneandstrawberriestomyroomat1.a.m.,please?

M:I'lltry,ma'am,butonWednesdaythekitchenstaffleaveatmidnight.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

(15)

A.Inabar.

B.Inarestaurant.

C.Inahotel.

D.Inagrocer's.

26.(47)

27.(28)

A.Gourmetcoffeeislessexpensive.

B.Regularbrandsofcoffeehavetoomuchcaffeine.

C.Gourmetcoffeetastesbetter.

D.GourmetcoffeeisgrownintheUnitedStates.

28.

【B10】

29.聽(tīng)力原文：Formanyinternationalstudents,comingtotheUnitedStatesandlivinghereandstudyingcanbeaquiteadiscouragingexperience,especiallywhenfindinghousingoncampusoroffcampus.Andfortunately,thereareavarietyofoptionsthatstudentscanlookto.AndI'dliketotalkjustbrieflyalittleabouton-campusliving,off-campusliving,andsomeoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeach.

Well,Ithinkfirstofallforfirst-timestudents,comingandlivingoncampusindormitoriescanprovideacertainlevelofsecuritybecauseofitsclosenesstocampusfacilitiessincetravelingwithoutacarcanbequiteanexperience,especiallywhenyouhavetotravellongdistances.Oftenindormitories,mealsmightbeprovided,andthiscanallowstudentstodevotetimetotheiracademics,ratherthanhousekeeping.Butstudentsshouldalsobeawarethatthey'llberequiredtoabidebycertainregulationsdealingwithstudentconductaspartofthecontractandlivingoncampus.

Anotheroptionisoffcampuslivinginapartments,andlikelivingindormitories,livinginanapartmentrequireslittleornomaintenancespecificallybecauseusuallyitishandledbysomeoneelse.Alsowhenyoumightliveoffcampus,theremightbeacertainamountofflexibilityinchoosingroommatesthatyoumightnothavelivingoncampus.Butyoushouldbeawarethattenantsmayberesponsibleforfurnishingtheirownapartments.

Well,ofcourse,thechoiceisuptoyou,butbecarefultoreviewboththeadvantagesanddisadvantagesoflivingoncampusandoffcampus.Goodluck.

(30)

A.Campusfacilitiesforinternationalstudents.

B.Optionalcoursesforinternationalstudents.

C.Activitiesonandoffcampusforinternationalstudents.

D.Accommodationchoicesforinternationalstudents.

30.聽(tīng)力原文：W：Ican'timagineyouhaveanyinterestinattendingthatlectureonsculpture.Foryouitissoboring.

M：Ido．Nowyouwouldremindmeoftheone.AndjustnowIhavethetime.SocomeI.

Q：Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromthisconversation?

(17)

A.He'drathernotgotothelecture.

B.Hedoesn'tmindifthewomangoestothelecture.

C.Hewantstohearthelecture.

D.He'sheardthelecturebefore.

31.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽(tīng)力原文：I'dliketosharewithyoutodaymyexperiencewithanewapproachtobuildingahouse.It'scalledEnvelopBuilding.Essentially,whatitmeansisthatasyouarebuildingahouse,youtrytoleavethelandscapefeatureontheland,especiallythevegetationintheoriginalcondition.Sowhatyouarenotdoingistheusualpracticeofland-scraping.BywhichImeanliterallyscrapingorcleaningthelandofanyandalltheoriginalplants.WhyistheapproachcalledEnvelopBuilding?Becauseinsteadofclearingeverythingaway,youletyouroriginallandscapeelementsenveloporsurroundyourhouse.LettheVegetationphysicalfeaturessuchashillsandslopesorinterestingrockformations,constitutedasignificantpartofthecharacterofthebuildingsight.Thedesignofthehouseshouldtakethesefeaturesofthepropertyintoaccount.Actuallyintegratingyouroriginalwildlandscapewithahouseisnotthatnew.ThefamousAmericanarchitectWrightwasdoingitabout65yearsago.Soweareingoodcompany.EnvelopBuildingisnotaseasyasitsoundsthough.It'snotjustthatyoubuildyourhouseandleavethelandalone.Bybuilding,youarealreadydamagingtheoriginallandscape.Butasarchitects,weshouldtrytoworkwithenvironment,hotagainstit.Acreativearchitectcanfindwaystoincorporatenaturallandscapeintotheoveralldesign.Forexample,Wrightusedthemassivebouldersonthesideofoneofthemostfamoushousesaspartofthehousefoundation.

(27)

A.Eliminatingtheoriginalvegetationfromthebuildingsite.

B.Markingthehousesinanareasimilartooneanother.

C.Decidingwhereahousewillbebuilt.

D.Surroundingabuildingwithwildflowersandplants.

32.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Openwide.Nowshowmewhereithurts.

W:Hereonthetop,especiallywhenIbiteintosomethinghotorcold.

Q:Whoistheman?

(17)

A.Adentist.B.Acook.C.Adietician.D.Atwirler.

33.

【B2】

34.(14)

A.TomeetCharley.

B.Toworkinhisoffice.

C.Togotohospital.

D.Toattendameeting.

35.(25)

A.Sympathetic.B.Skeptical.C.Grateful.D.Indifferent.

36.(21)

A.The'captain.

B.Thecommunicationofficer.

C.Thedoctor.

D.Thefrogperson.

37.

【B4】

38.(34)

A.Governmentfunded.

B.Political.

C.Private.

D.Noneoftheabove.

39.(31)

A.Youhearthegunbeforeyouseethesmoke.

B.Youseethesmokebeforeyouhearthegun.

C.Thesoundofthegunwillreachyoubeforetheracestarts.

D.Racersstarttorunbeforeyouseethesmoke.

40.(13)

A.WriteDaisyanoteofapology.,

B.ReturnDaisy'snotesinafewdays.

C.ApologizewhenDaisyislessangry.

D.LethertalktoDaisyaboutthesituation.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

AccordingtoLisaJackson,whichstatementisnottrueaboutthebenefitsoftheproposal?

A.Itisbeneficialtoourhealthtoreduceemissions.

B.Ittriggersnewtechnologyfordevelopingeconomy.

C.Itwillneverputaburdenonthebusinessagain.

D.Itprotectsourenvironmenttohaveabetterfuture.

42.

【C10】

43.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutpsychologicalfatigue?

A.Psychologicalfatiguehappenstothoseinvolvedinwar.

B.Restistheonlysolutionforpsychologicalfatigue.

C.Physicallyhealthypeopledonotsufferfrompsychologicalfatigue.

D.Physicallaborcangetsomepeopleoutofpsychologicalfatigue.

44.

Whatcanyouinferfromthefollowingsentence,"GreenlandhasvastlymoreicethanIcelanddoes,andIcelandisvastlymoregreenery."

45.

Accordingtotheauthor,howdoestheblogattractmorereaders?

46.

Accordingtothepassage,chemurgycanbedefinedas______.

47.

TheCALERIEstudyisaturningpointintheresearchfieldin______.

A.studyingtheeffectofcalorierestrictiononhumanbeingsinsteadofanimals

B.havingsubjectswithawiderangeofageandweight

C.provingthepositiveeffectofcalorierestrictiononprolongingpeople'slife

D.excludingthepositiveeffectofobesityreductiononkeepinghealth

48.OntheheelsofE1,itsopposite,Lamaysoonarrive.InaWeeklyUpdate,scientistsattheNOAAClimatePredictionCenterreportedthatasthe2006-2007E1faded,surfaceandsubsurfaceoceantemperatureshaverapidlydecreased.Recently,cooler-than-normalwatertemperatureshavedevelopedatthesurfaceintheeast-centralequatorialPacific,indicatingapossibletransitiontoLaconditions.

Typically,duringtheU.S.springandsummermonths,Laconditionsdonotsignificantlyimpactoverallinlandtemperatureandprecipitation(雨水的降落)patterns,however,LaepisodesoftendohaveaneffectonAtlanticandPacifichurricaneactivity.

"Althoughotherscientificfactorsaffectthehurricanes,theretendstobeagreater-than-nor-malnumberofAtlantichurricanesandfewer-than-normalnumberofeasternPacifichurricanesduringLaevents,"saidretiredNavyViceAdm.ConradC.Lautenbacher,Ph.D.,undersecretaryofcommerceforoceansandatmosphereandNOAAadministrator."Duringthewinter,usualLaimpactsincludedrierandwarmer-than-averageconditionsoverthesouthernUnitedStates."

"NOAA'sabilitytodetectandmonitortheformation,durationandstrengthofE1andLaeventsisenhancedbycontinuousimprovementsinsatelliteandbuoyobservationsintheequatorialPacific,"Lautenbacheradded."TheseobservingsystemsincludetheTAO/TRITONmooredandArgodriftbuoys,aswellasNOAA'spolarorbitingsatellites."

Laconditionsoccurwhenoceansurfacetemperaturesinthecentralandeast-centralequatorialPacificbecomecoolerthannormal.ThesechangesaffecttropicalrainfallpatternsandatmosphericwindsoverthePacificOcean,whichinfluencethepatternsofrainfallandtemperaturesinmanyareasworldwide.

"LaeventssometimesfollowontheheelsofE1conditions,"saidVernonKousky,researchmeteorologistattheNOAAClimatePredictionCenter."Itisanaturallyoccurringphenomenonthatcanlastuptothreeyears.LaepisodestendtodevelopduringMarch-June,reachpeakintensityduringDecember-February,andthenweakenduringthefollowingMarch-May."

"ThelastlengthyLaeventwas1998-2001,whichcontributedtoseriousdroughtconditionsinmanysectionsofthewesternUnitedStates,"saidDouglasLecomte,droughtspecialistattheNOAAClimatePredictionCenter.

NOAAwillissuetheU.S.SpringOutlookonMarch15,anditsAtlanticHurricaneSeasonOutlookinMay.BothoutlookswillreflectthemostcurrentLaforecast.

"WhilethestatusofE1/Laisofvitalimportancetoourseasonalforecasts,itisbutonemeasureweusewhenmakingactualtemperatureandprecipitationforecasts,"saidKousky.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutLaisTRUE?

A.ItbringsanendtoE1.

B.ItbalancestheeffectsofE1.

C.Itfollowsadecreaseofoceantemperature.

D.Itcausestheoceantemperaturetodroprapidly.

49.Formillionsofyearsbeforetheappearanceoftheelectriclight,shiftwork,allnightcableTVandtheInternet,Earth'screaturesevolvedonaplanetwithpredictableandreassuring24-hourrhythms.Ourbiologicalclocksaresetforthisdailycycle.Simplyput,ourbodieswanttosleepatnightandbeawakeduringtheday.Mostwomenandmenneedbetweeneightandeightandahalfhoursofsleepanighttofunctionproperlythroughouttheirlives.(Contrarytopopularbelief,humansdon'tneedlesssleepastheyage.)

Butonaverage,Americanssleeponlyaboutsevenandahalfhourspernight,amarkeddropfromtheninehoursdayaveragedin1910.What'sworse,nearlyonethirdofallAmericansgetlessthansixhoursofsleeponatypicalworknight.Formostpeople,that'snotnearlyenough.

Findingwaystogetmoreandbettersleepcanbeachallenge.Scientistshaveidentifiedmorethan80differentsleepdisorders.Somesleepingdisordersaregeneric.Butmanyproblemsarecausedbystayinguplateandsleepingin,bytravelingfrequentlybetweentimezonesorbyworkingnights.Dr.James.F.JonesatNationalJewishMedicalandResearchCenterinDenversaysthatsleepdisordersareoftendiagnosedasotherdiscomforts.Aboutonethirdofthepatientswhoreferredtohimwithpossiblechronicfatiguesyndromeactuallyhavetreatablesleepdisorders."Beforewedoanythingelse,welookattheirsleep,"Jonessays.

Sleepexpertssaythatmostpeoplewouldbenefitfromagoodlookattheirsleeppatterns,"Mymotto(座右銘)is'sleepdefensively',"saysMaryCarskadonofBrownUniversity.Shesayspeopleneedtocarveoutsufficienttimetosleep,evenifitmeansgivingupotherthings.Sleeproutines—likegoingtobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday—areimportant.Pre-bedtimeactivitiesalsomakeadifference.AswithElsneer,whousedtosufferfromsleeplessness,afewlifestyle.changes—avoidingstimulantsandlatemeals,noexercisingbeforebedtime,butrelaxingwithahotbath—yieldbettersleep.

WhatisTRUEofhumansleep?

A.Mostpeopleneedlesssleepwhengrownolder.

B.Mostpeopleneedsevenandahalfhoursofsleepeverynight.

C.Onaverage,peopleintheUStodaysleep