高中英語虛擬語氣知識點(diǎn)及練習(xí)

虛擬語氣：虛擬證據(jù)表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或者與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等，一般常用于正式的書面語中。一、虛擬語氣在if條件從句中的用法：1、a.IfIwereyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.b.IfIlivednearmyoffice,Iwouldwalktotheoffice.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，If條件從句謂語：過去式（be用were）主句謂語：should/would/could/might+動詞原形2、a.Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,Youcouldhavepassedtheexam.b.Ifyouhadturnedoffthegas,thehousewouldn’thavecaughtfire.與過去事實(shí)相反，If條件從句謂語：had+動詞過去分詞主句謂語：should/would/could/might+havedone3、a.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.b.ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.c.Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.與將來事實(shí)相反：If條件從句謂語：過去式/should+v原形/were+todo主句謂語：should/would/could/might+do二、混合虛擬條件句：不同時間的虛擬，各遵守各的規(guī)則，如：a.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.從句敘述與過去事實(shí)相反（had+done），主句敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反（would+v）b.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.從句敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反（過去式），主句敘述與過去事實(shí)相反（wouldhavedone）三、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的適用：a.Theydemandedthattheblackpeople(should)betreatedaswellaswhitepeople.b.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffatonce.（建議）Hissmilesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.（暗示，表明）c.Iinsistedthatyou(should)givememymoneyback.（堅決（持），要求）Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.（堅持說/堅持認(rèn)為）這類動詞有：一堅持（insist），二命令（order,command），三建議（advise,suggest,recommend,propose），四要求（require,request,demand,desire）d.IwishIwereabird.Idowishyouwouldcomeearliernexttime.IwishIhaddonebetterinmywork.四、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的適用：1.Itwas/isimportant/vital/necessary/appropriate/proper/rightthat……eg:Itisimportantthatwe(should)thinkbeforewedecide.2.Itisimportantthatwe(should)thinkbeforewedecide.據(jù)建議/要求/命令……eg:Itissuggestedthatparents(should)spendmoretimewiththeirchildrenalone.五、虛擬語氣在表語從句中的適用（與表示決定、主張、要求、建議、命令的名詞。如：suggestion,proposal,advice,order,demand,requirement等）構(gòu)成的表語從句常用should+do結(jié)構(gòu)eg：Oursuggestionisthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.六、虛擬語氣在同位語從句中的適用（與表示決定、主張、要求、建議、命令的名詞。如：suggestion,proposal,advice,order,demand,requirement等）構(gòu)成的同位語從句中常用should+do結(jié)構(gòu)eg:Doctorsgiveussomeadvicethatwe(should)paymoreattentiontoourhealth.七、含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣：由butfor（要不是），Without（要是沒有），otherwise（要不然）,but等引導(dǎo)如：butforthestorm,Iwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavepassedthedrivingtest.Iwastoobusyatthattime.OtherwiseIwouldhavecalledyou.Iwouldhavecometoseeyou,butIwastoobusy.注意：句子或主句中的謂語動詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查考生應(yīng)變能力的最佳試題。八、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、It’s(high)timethat從句:(從句用過去式或者should+動詞原形eg：It’shightimethatyouwenttoschool.2、Ifonly（要是……就好了……）用一般過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反，用過去完成的表示與過去事實(shí)相反。eg：IfonlyIwereafilmstar.IfonlyIhadknownhisphoneunmber.3、asif引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣：eg:HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.A.lives B.wouldlive C.haslived D.weretolive（）7.Wethedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme?A.shouldface B.mightface C.couldhavefaced D.musthavefaced（）8.Ifmycarmorereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.was B.hadbeen C.shouldbe D.wouldbe（）9.Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,theysecondthoughts.A.mayhave B.couldhave C.musthavehad D.mighthavehad（）10.―Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.―Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren’t B.hadn’tbeen C.wouldn’tbe D.wouldn’thavebeen（）11.Ithroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegone B.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgo D.hadn’tgone（）12.MaybeifIscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studied B.wouldstudy C.hadstudied D.wasstudying（）13.Teachersrecommendparentstheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallow B.donotallow C.mustn’tallow D.couldn’tallow（）14.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollow（）15.―Johnwenttothehospitalalone.―Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtell B.tells C.told D.hadtold（）16.―Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.―Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables.A.wouldn’tdie B.didn’tdie C.hadn’tdied D.wouldn’thavedied（）17.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy.A.wouldhavebeensaved B.hadbeensavedC.willbesaved D.wassaved（）18.Ihavewatchedthatmovieit’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t（）19.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’d