初中英語語法-形容詞和副詞(含練習(xí))

專題復(fù)習(xí)---形容詞和副詞（一）形容詞的構(gòu)成及其用法用以修飾名詞等表示人和事物的性質(zhì)、特征的詞叫形容詞。它在句中可以充當(dāng)定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，一般放在所修飾詞的前面。Eg.Thosebigmooncakesaredelicious.(作表語)Eg.Therearemanybeautifulflowersinthepark.(作定語)修飾詞尾為-body/-one;-thing不定代詞時，必須放在其后。Eg.There’snothingwrongwithmybike.Eg.Pleasegivemesomethingdelicioustoeat.Eg.Anybodyclevercan’tdosuchstupidthings.表示長、寬、高、深或年齡的形容詞的常用結(jié)構(gòu)：數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞12yearsold/8meterslong/3meterswide/100kilometershigh/1.8meterstallEg.It’sariver6metersdeep.Eg.That’saroad300kilometerslong.Eg.Theyoungmanis1.8meterstall.系動詞（look,sound,smell,taste,feel）之后要接形容詞Eg.Thesouptastesnice.Eg.Theyalllookedveryhappyafterhearingthegoodnews.–ing形容詞和-ed形容詞的區(qū)別-ed形容詞通常用來形容人，而-ing形容詞通常用來形容事或物如：disappointed/excited/interested/surprised/bored/amazed/relaxed(某人)感到失望/興奮/有趣/奇怪/厭煩/震驚/放松disappointing/exciting/interesting/surprising/boring/amazing/relaxing（某事）令人失望的/興奮的/有趣的/奇怪的/厭煩的/震驚的/放松的“the+部分形容詞”表示“一類人”theyoungtheoldtherichthepoor副詞的構(gòu)成和用法。副詞是用來說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念的詞，主要用來修飾動詞、動詞詞組、形容詞等。副詞的構(gòu)成形式主要有兩大類：單詞本身就是副詞。例如：often,now,always,then,yesterday,today,much,very,abit,so,here,there,等大部分副詞都是由一個形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的，其構(gòu)成方法見下表：大多數(shù)形容詞直接加-lybad-badly;careful-carefully以-y結(jié)尾的形容詞變-y為-i,再加lyeasy-easily;busy-busily以le結(jié)尾的形容詞去掉-e,再加-yterrible-terribly;gentle-gently以輔音+e結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加-lynice-nicely;safe-safely以元音+e結(jié)尾的形容詞去掉--e,再加-lytrue-truly注意：(1)形容詞good的副詞形式是well(2)high;fast;late;early等形容詞和副詞同形(3)有些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞，如：friendly(友好的)；lovely(可愛的)；lively（生動的）；ugly（丑陋的）；lonely（孤獨的；寂寞的）enough(足夠的；足夠地)：當(dāng)enough修飾名詞時，要放在名詞前面；而修飾形容詞或副詞時，則要放在其后。Eg:Wehaveenoughfoodtoeat.Eg.Theclothesaresoftenoughforyoutowear.易混詞辨析1）hard和hardlyhard作“艱辛的，堅硬的”時是形容詞；作“努力地，辛苦地”是副詞hardly意為“幾乎不”，只能作副詞eg.Thediamondisveryhard.Theoldmanlivedahardlifeinthepast.Maryworksveryhard,buthisbrotherisverylazyandhehardlyworks.2）alone和lonelyalone意為“單獨地，獨自地”，作副詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實lonely意為“寂寞的，孤獨的”作形容詞，含有主觀的感情色彩eg.Theoldladylivesalone,butsheneverfeelslonely.課堂練習(xí)：Task1:翻譯短語。1.忙碌的一天2.回家晚3.仔細(xì)地書寫4.一本有趣的書5.非常喜歡6.美麗的花7.剛才8.立即9.九個新學(xué)生10.靜靜地坐著11.起床早12.度長假13.快樂的女孩14.大大的藍(lán)色眼睛Task2:用所給詞的正確形式填空.1.Kenis_______inplayingfootball,hethinksfootballis_______.(interest)2.Ifeelvery________now,doingnothingathomeis____________.(bore)3.Ifeel________________atthe_________________news.(disappoint)4.Wewillmakeyou____________bythe_____________hairstyle.(excite)5.Youwillbe_____________byreadingthis_____________film.(relax)6.Weallfelt______________whenweheardofthe_______________news.(surprise)7.Iwon’tfeelifIdon’tfindanswers.(satisfy)Task3:單項選擇。1.Weare.Becausehisstoryisnot.A.tired;oldB.sleepy(欲睡的);interestingC.hungry;deliciousD.happy;interesting2.It’svery.Pleaseclosethedoorandthewindows.A.coldB.hotC.warmD.expensive3.Jackwenttoschool.Hisparentswereangry.A.lateB.earlyC.wellD.soon4.Thechildrenaresleeping.Pleasewalk.A.fastB.beautifullyC.quietD.quietly5.Tomgoestothezoo.Thedogsthereknowhim.A.soonB.oftenC.carefullyD.kind6.It’ssummer.Autumniscoming.A.verymuchB.justnowC.tomorrowD.soon7.Thisriveris.A.500meterlongB.500meterslongC.500longmetersD.500longmeter8.Isthisaphotoofyourdaughter?Shelooksinthepinkdress!A.lovelyB.quietlyC.politelyD.happily9.Thequestionisforyoutoanswer.A.enougheasyB.enougheasilyC.easyenoughD.easilyenough10.Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter.It’sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.longB.highC.thickD.wide11.Ihavetodotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething12.Passmyglassestome,Jack.BecauseIcanreadthewordsinthenewspaper.A.hardlyB.reallyC.clearlyD.nearly13.Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel.A.lonelyB.aloneC.happilyD.friendly14.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining.A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavily15.Helookedatitagain.A.careB.carefulnessC.carefulD.carefully課后練習(xí)：Task1:根據(jù)句意及所給提示，用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Thelittlegirliscrying(sad).2.Simonisagoodcarsalesman.Hecansellcarsvery(good).3.Yourmathisnotverygood.Youshouldstudyit(hard).4.Doyouseethegirloverthere?Shecandance(beautiful).Wesawmanydifferentbirdsintheparkandwelearntotellpeopleaboutthem(correct).Task2:選擇形容詞或副詞（劃線部分），連詞成句。Thebirds;nice/nicely;singsoft/softly;she;thedoor;closedspeak;fluent/fluently;threelanguages;can;shecareful/carefully;writeyourreport;pleaseMrZhang;in;working;busy/busily;theoffice;isTask3:單項選擇。1.---MrSmith,wouldyoupleasespeakalittlemore?---Sorry!Ithoughtyouwouldfollowme.A.slowlyB.politelyC.seriouslyD.clearly2.---Yourcoffeesmells.---Thankyou.Imadeitbymyself.Wouldyouliketotasteit?A.wellB.sweetC.nicelyD.bad3.Theshoessell,becausetheyareinquality.A.good;wellB.good;goodC.well;wellD.well;good4.Heisaworkeranddoeseverything.A.careful;carefulB.carefully;carefullyC.carefully;carefulD.careful;carefully5.Remembernottospeakwhenweareinthereadingroom.A.fastB.slowlyC.politelyD.loudly6.TheInternetisveryusefulforus.Wecanfindinformation.A.easyB.easilyC.excitedlyD.angrily7.Itwasveryintheclassroom,sotheteacherhadtowalk.A.quiet;quietlyB.quietly;quietC.quiet;quietD.quietly;quietly8.Themeatsmells.You’dbetterthrowitaway.A.badlyB.badC.goodD.well9.Welovetogotothecountryinspringastheflowerssmellso.A.wellB.niceC.wonderfullyD.nicely10.---Yourfatherdoesn’tlook.He’slookingatyou.What’swrong?---I’vebrokenhisvase.A.happy;angryB.happily;angrilyC.happy;angrilyD.happily;angry11.Theyoungladywalkedintotheroominordernottowakeupthebaby.A.quicklyB.quietlyC.slowlyD.hurriedly12.---Don’tworry.Mymotherwilllookafteryourbaby.---Thanksalot.A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.enoughcarefulD.carefullyenough專題復(fù)習(xí)---形容詞和副詞(二)形容詞和副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成：(重點)規(guī)則變化：一般在詞尾加-er或-est如：long-longer-longest;fast-faster-fastest;high-higher-highest;strong-stronger-strongest2)以字母e結(jié)尾的詞，直接加-r或者-st如：wide-wider-widest;nice-nicer-nicest;large-larger-largest3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i,再加-er或-est如：happy-happier-happiest;easy-easier-easiest;busy-busier-busiest4)以“輔-元-輔”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)尾的單詞，雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加-er或-est如：hot-hotter-hottestwet-wetter-wettest5)部分雙音節(jié)詞和所有的多音節(jié)詞，在詞前加more或most如：useful-moreuseful-mostusefulhelpful-morehelpful-mosthelpfulbeautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautifulexpensive-moreexpensive-mostexpensivedifficult-moredifficult-mostdifficultimportant-moreimportant-mostimportant不規(guī)則變化：口訣：多好與一點點壞；相差很遠(yuǎn)加一老many/much-more-mostgood/well-better-bestlittle-less-leastbad-worse-worstfar-farther-farthest/far-further-furthest注意：farther/farthest---表示實際距離，意為：“更遠(yuǎn)的/最遠(yuǎn)的”Eg.Ican’twalkanyfarther.further/furthest---表示抽象距離，意為：“更進(jìn)一步/最深層次的”eg.furthertalk/communicationold-older-oldest/old-older-oldestolder/oldest:表示年齡上的大小，而elder/eldest表示輩份上的大小eg.Heisfiveyearsolderthanme.eg.eldersister/brother形容詞和副詞的等級用法：（重難點）原級的用法：肯定句：A+謂語+as+adj原級+as+B表示“A與B一樣…”Eg.MaryisastallasLily.Eg.Thisroomisaswideasthatone.否定句：A+謂語+not+as/so+adj原級+as+B表示“A不如B”Eg.Maryisnotas/sotallasLily.拓展：與比較級進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換：=MaryisshorterthanLily.=LilyistallerthanMary.2.比較級的用法：兩者之間進(jìn)行比較，than是比較級的標(biāo)志1）A+謂語+比較級+than+B表示“A比B更……”Eg.Thisroomisbiggerthanthatone.Who/Which+謂語+比較級，AorB?表示“A或B哪個更……”Eg.Whoismorebeautiful?LilyorLucy?Eg.Whichtastesbetter?appleororange?……+be+the+比較級+ofthetwo.Eg.Moliisthebetterofthetwogirls.4)單音節(jié)詞：比較級+and+比較級表示“越來越……” 雙音節(jié)詞：moreandmore+adj/adv原級表示“越來越……” Eg.Grandpaisgettingolderandolder.Eg.Saraisturningmoreandmorebeautiful.5)the+比較級，the+比較級表示“越……，越……”eg.Themore,thebetter.Eg.Thehappierheis,thehealthierhewillbe.注意：比較級前可以用much;alittle;far;even;alot;any等修飾，而very;too;quite等詞不能修飾比較級。最高級的用法：三者或三者以上的比較用最高級，表示“最”，形容詞最高級前面的“the”絕對不可以省略，而副詞最高級前的“the”可以省略。1）……the+最高級+of/in……,of后接數(shù)字，in后接圍注意：此句型中of與in是要用最高級的標(biāo)志Eg.Heisthetallestofthethree/four/five…/all.Eg.Heisthetallestinhisclass.2)Who/Which+謂語+最高級，AorBorC?Eg.Whoisthebest?Susan,LindaorMandy?……+be+oneofthe+最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示“最……之一”Eg.Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.4)……the+序數(shù)詞+最高級……表示“第幾……的”Eg.Heisthesecondtalleststudentinhisclass. Eg.Sheisthethirdyoungestladyinthegroup.原級，比較級和最高級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。原級和比較級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換Eg.Maryisnotas/sotallasLily. =MaryisshorterthanLily.=LilyistallerthanMary.最高級和比較級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換Heisthetallestboyinhisclass.=Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.=Heistallerthantheotherboysinhisclass.課堂練習(xí)：Task1:寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級和最高級。shortniceheavyusefulhotmanylittlegoodwellcoldsmallbigmuchbusybadoldfarbeautifulimportantcarefullyTask2:用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Youshouldpracticeas(much)asyoucan.2.Heis(young)thanhistwosisters.3.Thepatientis(well)thanbefore.4.Sheisoneofthe(tall)girlsinherclass.5.Anoceanis(large)thanasea.6.Themarketis(dirty)thanthesupermarket.7.Whichdoyoulike(well),EnglishorPhysics?8.Summeristhe(hot)seasonoftheyear.9.Whoisthe(short),Lily,AnnorMolly?10.IthinkTomisthe(good)ofthethree.Task3:單項選擇1.Welcometoourhotel.It’sinthecity.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest2.BecauseoftheInternet,wecangetinformationthanbefore.A.fastB.fasterC.fastestD.morefast3.Theathleteisgettingolderandolderandcannotjumpasashedidbefore.A.highB.higherC.highestD.muchhigher4.HespeaksEnglishthananyotherstudentinhisclass.A.bestB.goodC.wellD.better5.Ofalltheapplesinthebasket,thisoneis.A.thereddestB.redderC.reddestD.theredder6.MybikeisasasLucy’s.Youcanuseeitherofthem.A.asbetterasB.asgoodasC.aswellasD.asbestas7.Whichisthe,thetrainstation,thebusstationortheairport?A.farB.farthestC.fartherD.morefar8.JanuaryismonthinBeijing,butitisdifferentinAustralia.A.coldB.colderC.coldestD.thecoldest9.Theiceinthelakeisasasitwasbefore.A.thinB.thinnerC.thinnestD.thethinnest10.---It’swinternow.Thedaysaregetting.---Yes.Wehavetostartearly.A.moreandmorelongB.longerandlongerC.moreandmoreshortD.shorterandshorter11.Canadaisthesecondcountryintheworld.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.morelarger12.---WhichisseasoninShenzhen?---Maybeitissummer.It’softentoohottogoout.A.worstB.theworstC.bestD.thebest13.Heisthecleverestboythethree.A.atB.ofC.fromD.in14.Ihopetoreceiveyourletterasaspossible.A.quickB.quicklyC.highD.highly15.InShenzhen,itishotinJuly,butit’seveninAugust.A.hotB.hoterB.hotterD.hottest課后練習(xí)：Task1:寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級和最高級。1.wonderful2.tall3.bad4.little5.few6.good7.many8.well9.much10.easyTask2:單項選擇。1.Ithinkthiscardisthanthatone.A.niceB.nicerC.nicestD.thenicest2.ZhangMingranfasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too3.Sorry,ItookyourMP4bymistake.I’llbecarefulnexttime.A.mostB.moreC.much