2017年職稱英語綜合類C級(jí)閱讀理解例題精講3

2017年職稱英語綜合類C級(jí)閱讀理解例題精講3TheFamily(第一題：文章題目：WhatMakesaFamily?家庭的構(gòu)成)Thestructureofafamilytakesdifferentforms(家庭結(jié)構(gòu)有著不同的形式)aroundtheworldandeveninthesamesociety.Thefamily’sformchangesasitadaptsto(適應(yīng))changingsocialandeconomicinfluences.(家庭的構(gòu)成形式也在不斷變化：隨著不斷變化的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)影響而變化)Untilrecently,themostcommonforminNorthAmericawas(第二題)thenuclearfamily(核心家庭),consistingofamarriedcouplewiththeirminorchildren.Thenuclearfamilyisanindependentunit.Itmustbepreparedtofendforitself.Individualfamilymembersstronglydependononeanother.Thereislittlehelpfromoutsidethefamilyinemergencies.Elderlyrelativesofanuclearfamilyarecaredforonlyifitispossibleforthefamilytodoso.InNorthAfrica,theelderlyoftendonotlivewiththefamily.Theyliveinretirementcommunitiesandnursinghomes.(第四題：通過描述“核心家庭”的共性：這里講的是所有“核心家庭”的共同特點(diǎn)，即獨(dú)立單位，自己照顧自己，家庭成員之間緊密依賴彼此，外界的幫助微乎其微等。)Therearemanyparallels(相似點(diǎn))betweenthenuclearfamilyinindustrialsocieties，suchasNorthAmerica，andoffamiliesinsocietiessuchasthatoftheInuits，wholiveinharshenvironments.(北美的“核心家庭”同因特人的家庭有很多相似之處)Thenuclearfamilystructureiswelladaptedtoalifeofmobility(良好地適應(yīng)流動(dòng)性的特點(diǎn)).Inharshconditions，mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood(狩獵撲食).ForNorthAmericans，thehuntforjobsandimprovedsocialstatus(找工作，提高社會(huì)地位)alsorequiresmobility.ThenuclearfamilywasnotalwaystheNorthAmericanstandard.Inamoreagrarian(農(nóng)耕時(shí)代)time，thesmallnuclearfamilywasusuallypartofalargerextendedfamily(大家庭).Thismighthaveincludedgrandparents，motherandfather，brothersandsisters，uncles，aunts，andcousins.InNorthAmericatoday，thereisadramaticriseinthenumberofsingle-parenthouseholds(單親家庭的數(shù)目大幅增加).TwiceasmanyhouseholdsintheUnitedStatesareheadedbydivorced，separated，ornever-marriedindividualsasarecomprisedofnuclearfamilies.(由核心家庭構(gòu)成的單親家庭的數(shù)目是由于離婚、分居或者未婚導(dǎo)致的單親家庭的兩倍。)Thestructureofthefamily，notjustinNorthAmerica,butthroughouttheworld，continuestochangeasitadaptstochangingconditions.(適應(yīng)新的變化的環(huán)境)詞匯:nuclearadj.原子核的，中心的harshadj.嚴(yán)酷的emergencyn.緊急狀況agrarianadj.土地的，耕地的注釋:1.Itmustbepreparedtofendforitself.它必須能夠照料自己。2.InNorthAmerica，theelderlyoftendonotlivewiththefamily;theyliveinretirementcommunitiesandnursingho