2022-2023年江蘇省南通市大學英語6級大學英語六級

2022-2023年江蘇省南通市大學英語6級大學英語六級學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

EuropeanandotherlanguageswerespokenbytheearliestinhabitantsofEngland.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Itcanbeeasiertochangeourdietalotthantochangeitalittle.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.EndYourBackPain

Likeanexpensivebuttemperamentalsportscar,thehumanspinisbeautifullydesignedandmaddeninglyunreliable.Ifyouarealiving,breathinghumanbeing,youhaveprobablysufferedtheagonyofbackpain.Andaslongaspeoplecontinuetoleadoverweight,sedentaryandstressfullives,thenumberofsufferersisunlikelytogoanywhereotherthanup.

Asitdoes,armiesofnewback-painsufferers,manydesperateandevendisabled,willseekrelief.Whentheydo,they'llquicklydiscoverjusthowcomplicatedtheirproblemreallyis,withitsmystifyingmixofphysicalsymptomsandpsychologicalunderpinnings.Therealityisthattheagonywilloftengoawayonitsown—impossibleasthatmayseemwhenyouarewrithing(痛苦扭曲)onthekitchenfloor.TheGreatPainMystery

Backpaincanoriginateanywhereintheelaboratespinalarchitecture.Degenerateddiscs(椎間盤),whichmanyleadtoherniation(突出)andcompressednerves,areacommonproblem.Thentherethosewrenchingpainprovokedbymuscleinjuries,whichcandropgrownmentothefloor.What'smostmysteriousaboutbackproblemsisthefrequentdisconnectbetweenanatomicaldefectsandpain.Unlikebloodpressureandcholesterol(膽固醇),whichcouldbemeasuredwitharmcuffsandbloodtests,lower-backpainhasnoobjectiveway—thevolumeoftears?theintensityofagrimace?—tobegauged.

Manytimes,theprecisecauseofpainremainsunknown.Imagingtestsfoundthattwopeoplewithherniateddiscscanleadradicallydifferentlives:Onespendshisdayspoppingpainkillers,theotherwaltzesthroughlife.Inawell-knownstudy,researcherschecked98healthypeople:Two-thirdshadabnormaldiscseventhoughnonecomplainedofpain.Therealissueiswhysomepeoplehaveamildbackacheandsomehavereallycripplingpain.Inanotherresearch,expertscomparedagroupofpatientswhoreportedbackpainwithacontrolgroupwhodidnot.Closetotwo-thirdsifthepainpatientshadcracksintheirdiscs,so-calledhigh-intensityzones,orHIZs.Butsodid24percentofthenon-complainers.

Theanswerhasasmuchtodowiththemindaswiththebody.IntheHIZstudy,thebestpredictorofpainwasnothowbadthedefectlooked,butthepatient'spsychologicaldistress.Depressionandanxietyhavelongbeenlinkedtopain;arecentCanadianstudyfoundthatpeoplewhosufferfromseveredepressionarefourtimesmorelikelytodevelopintenseordisablingneckorlow-backpain.AtNewYork'sHospitalforSpecialSurgery,psychiatristGregoryLutzsaysheoftenseesmenwhohavetwothingsincommon:cripplingsciatica(坐骨神經(jīng)痛)andanupcomingweddingdate.Theproblemintheirback,possiblyadegeneratedorherniateddisc,likelyalreadyexisted,saysDr.Lutz,butwasintensifiedbythepre-marriagejitters.

SpineSurgeryBreakthrough

Painispain,andmanywantaquickfixandthatmeanssurgery.Spinal-fusionsurgery,oneofthemostinvasiveandcostlyformsoftherapy(about＄42,000)hasmorethandoubledintheUSsince1993,toabout350,000in2003.Discectomy,whichisdonelessinvasively,hasalsospikedto342,000surgeriesperyear.Buttheseproceduresdon'tworkforeveryone.

Theincreaseinallspinalsurgeryhasbeenpromotedinpartbytechnicaladvancespromisingbetteroutcomes.Perhapsthemostintriguingnewdevelopmentistheartificialcobalt-chromedisc.InOctober2004,theUSFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)approvedthefirstsuchdisc,theCharite,forpatientswithdegenerativediscdisease.Thethree-piecedevicehasaslidingmedical-gradeplasticcoresandwichedbetweentwometalplates,whichallowsthespinetomove.Itisbelievedthat,suchdiscs,likekneereplacements,willgivepatientsmoremobilitythantraditionalfusionsurgery.Andtheywillgetoutofbedalotsoonertoo.Thekeyistobev

A.plainageing

B.spinedefects

C.surgicalfailures

D.mentalstress

4.

SomepeoplearereadytoconnectUFO'swiththeBermudaTrianglebecauseit'ssaidthatmoreUFO'shavebeensightedalong______and______thaninanyotherpartoftheworld.

5.Foracompanyowner,unpleasanthumanresourcessituations______.

A.arenotdifficulttodealwith

B.shouldnotdrawmuchattention

C.canreducetheworkefficiency

D.arenecessaryforhis/hersuccess

6.

Formanypeople,thebiggestchallengeintheworkplacewouldbeinteractingefficientlywithothers.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Controllingourphysicalreactionsandourthoughtsisaneffectivemeansofmanagingstress.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

"Natural"isabigbuzzwordwhichusuallycanbefoundintheadvertisementof______.

9.

ThenativeanimalsthateatGMcropsmightbepoisonedby______.

10.

Afteryoukeyinthemaximumamountforanitem,eBaybidsforyouuntilthebiddingreachesthe_______________.

11.Ifyoulearnthe______,yourfocusonrelaxation,enjoymentandhealthwillreducestress,anxietyandworry.

12.

Beforesigningthelease,youneedtomakesureitincludesthestatementthatyoucan______ifyouwishtodoso.

13.

GooglecanoverwhelminglyenterothermarketslikeMicrosoftbymeansofits______.

14.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheEndoftheCashEra

InthespringAdamSmithwillreplaceSirEdwardElgarasthefaceonBritain's￡20note.Thefirsteconomicthinkertobesohonoredcouldwellbethelast.Notbecauseeconomistsareespeciallyundeserving,butbecausecash,aftermillenniaasoneofmankind'smostversatileandenduringtechnologies,lookssetoverthenext15yearsorsofinallytomeltawayintoanelectronicstreamofonesandzeros.Ifaneraisrepresentedbyitsmoney,theinformationageisathand.

Notesandcoinsarealreadyasmallfractionofthemoneyinmostrichcountries.Butgoingbythenumberoftransactionsratherthantheirvalue,westilllivefirmlyinacashsociety.TheEuropeanPaymentsCouncilestimatesthattheEuropeanUnion's360billioncashtransactionscostatleast50billionayear;othersputthebillat200ahead.Visa,ahugecredit-cardalliance,reckonscashaccountsformostofthe＄1.3trillionspentayearacrosstheworldonsmall-ticketitems.Whetherqueuingtogetmoneyoutandqueuingagaintospendit,orbreakinga＄100billwithanirate(發(fā)怒的)cabdriveroneminuteandhavingyourpocketsandpursesfatwithcoinsthenext,cashisplainlystillking.

Yetsignsoftheneworderareeverywhere.OnFebruary12th,19telephoneoperatorswithnetworksinover100countriessaidthatpeoplewouldbeabletousetheirhandsetstosendmoneyabroad.MasterCardwilloperatethesysteminwhichremittances(匯款)willbesentastextmessages.Forpeoplewithoutbankaccounts,thecreditcanbeconvertedintopre-paidcardswhichcanthenbeusedtobuythings."Itwillrevolutionizethemoney-transferbusiness,"saidSunilBhartiMittal,bossofBhartiAirtel,oneofIndia'sbiggestmobileoperators.Theideaistotapintothemorethan＄250billionayearthatimmigrantsandmigrantworkerssendtorelativesandfriendsbackhome.

Britain'sVodafoneandAmerica'sCitigrouparealsolaunchinganinternationalmoney-transferservicedevelopedfromtheM-PESAremittanceservicewhichisalreadyoperatingsuccessfullywithinKenya.SirJohnBond,formerlychairmanoftheHSBCbankinggroupandnowchairmanofVodafone,haslongbeenconvincedthatpaymentsandmobileswouldsomehowconverge."MobilephoneshavetheabilitytomakeadramaticchangetovillagelifeinAfrica,"hesays.Healsothinksphonesloadedwithcreditwillmakemanyofthepaymentspeopleusecashforinricheconomies.Forbankswithhighinfrastructurecosts,saysSirJohn,ithasalways"beenhardtomakemoneyoutofsmallpayments".Butlower-costbusinessmodels,someofthemfromdevelopingcountries,areopeningupnewopportunities.Thebigattractionofthemobilephoneasapurseisthatsomanypeoplehavethem--evenchildren.

BothMasterCardandVisahaverecentlyintroducedplasticcardsinAmericathatdonothavetobeswipedforpurchasesunder$25.Laterthisyeara"dualinterface"systemwillbetestedinLondon.ItwillinvolveasingleplasticcardwhichcombinesanOysterfortravel,astandardVisacardissuedbyBritain'sBarclaysBankfor"chipandPIN"paymentsandanew"waveandpay"Visaforinstanttransactionsupto￡10.

Nobodycanbesurehowfastbitsandbyteswilldriveoutmetalandpaper.AhundredyearsagoyoucouldstillpayyourtaxesinUgandaincowrieshells.Perhapshardcashwil

A.BecausenoeconomicthinkercouldbemorehonorablethanAdamSmith.

B.Becausecashismostversatileandenduring.

C.Becausecashwillpredominateinanelectronicstreamofonesandzerosfinally.

D.Becauseelectroniccurrencywillreplacecashinthefuture.

15.

ItisreportedbyRolandAndersonthattheGPOsarefilledwith______.

16.

antisocialbehavior.

17.

Bipolardisorderischaracterizedbycyclingmoodchanges.Mostly,suchchangesaregradual.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

AsapartofDHS'sMetropolitanMedicalResponseSystem,acitycanobtain______indevelopingplans.

19.

Toimproveyouroutput,you'dbettercreateastandardforyouroutputandaredeterminedtoovertakeit______.

20.

Ifyou'reconsideringalargeuniversity,besuretofindout______andhowmanyaretaughtbyprofessors.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(38)

22.聽力原文：W:I'mtyingtofindouthowthisdishwasherworks.ThemanualisinFrench,Ican'twaitforBilltotranslateitforme.

M:Don'tworry,Mary,Icandothedishesbeforethemachinestartstowork.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(17)

A.HewilltellMaryhowtooperatethedishwasher.

B.Hewillwashthedisheshimselfinstead.

C.HewillhelpBilltotranslatethemanual.

D.Hehimselfwilloperatethedishwasher.

23.

【B10】

24.

【B6】

25.

【B11】

26.(31)

A.Afterheboughthisownprintshop.

B.Afterhesignedsomehistoricdocuments.

C.Whenheinventedthelightningrod.

D.WhenPennsylvaniaGazettebecamesuccessful.

27.聽力原文：W:Dr.Weinstein,shouldparentslettheirchildrenwatchtelevisionorreadaboutthewar?

M:Ifparentsaregoingtolettheirkidsreadorwatchtelevisioncoverageofthewar,it'simportantforthemtoreadalongandhelptheirkidsinterpretwhatthey'rereadingorseeing.

Q:Whatshouldparentsdoiftheirchildrenwatchtelevisionorreadaboutthewar?

(16)

A.Toencouragethem.

B.Tostopthemimmediately.

C.Togivesomeexplanation.

D.Toleavethemalone.

28.(13)

A.Mostpeopleenjoyvisitingmuseums.

B.Mostofthemneedaspecialdiscounttosavemoney.

C.Theremightbevariedopinions.

D.Theyshouldnotmisstheopportunity.

29.(35)

A.Warsornaturaldisastersmakethemlosetheirfamilies.

B.Theywanttohelptheirfamiliesearnenoughmoneytosurvive.

C.Theyarepoor.

D.Alltheabove.

30.聽力原文：W：Wewentoverbudget．Andnowweevendon'thaveenoughmoneytobuyaChristmaspresentforSerina．Sheisalwaysdreamingabouthavingabicycle．

M：Don'tworry，honey．Wecanbuyherasecond-handbicyclethistime．Nextyear，Ipromiseshecangetanewone．

Q：Whyisthewomansoworried?

(19)

A.SheforgottobuyaChristmaspresentforherdaughter.

B.Shecouldn'taffordanewbicycleforherdaughterasaNewYearpresent.

C.Shecouldonlybuyasecond-handbicycleforherdaughterasChristmaspresent.

D.Shedidn'thaveenoughmoneytorealizeherdaughter'sdream.

31.

【B2】

32.

【B5】

33.聽力原文：W:IthoughtTomsaidhegotanAinourhistorytest.

M:Mary,youshouldknowbetterthantotakeTom'swordstooseriously.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

(15)

A.Tomisveryresponsible.

B.Tom'swordsaren'treliable.

C.WhatTomsaidistrue.

D.Tornisnothumorousatall.

34.(21)

A.Aroomforfivepeople.

B.Asingleroom.

C.Ahoneymoonsuite.

D.Adoubleroom.

35.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：KarlWilhelmRontgen(36)astoundedpeoplewiththefirstx-raysin1895;thiswas(37)ensuedthreeyearslaterbythediscoveryofradiumbyPierreandMadeCurie.Butwhowerethey?In1894,MarieandPierreCuriemetwhilestudyinginParis.Theirmarriageon25thJuly1895markedthestartofa(38)partnershipwhichwastoreceiveworldwiderecognition.

TheCuriesdiscoveredradium,a(39)radioactivesubstance,inuraniumoxideore.Theydevelopedtechniquesfor(40)extractingit,butfirstdidnotfullyunderstandits(41)properties.PierreCurieusedtocarryradiumaroundinhiswaistcoatpocketandcouldnotunderstandwhyhewasdevelopingamassive(42)soreonhischest.Thiswouldhavebeen(43)fatal,butPierre'slifewascutshortin1906whenhewasknockeddownandkilledbyahorsecartinthestreet.(44)Fromthenon,Mariedevotedherselftocompletingtheworkthattheyhadbeguntogether.

MadeandPierreCuriewereawardedajointNobelPrizein1904,followedupbyasecondoneforMadein1911.Theirresearchwascrucialinthedevelopmentofx-raysinsurgery.(45)DuringWorldWarIMarieCuriehelpedtoequipambulances,whichshedrovetothefrontlines,withx-rayequipment.TheInternationalRedCrossmadeherheadofitsRadiologicalServicesandsheheldtrainingcoursesformedicalorderliesanddoctorsinthenewtechniques.

(46)Despitehersuccess,MariefacedgreatoppositionfrommalescientistsinFranceandsheneverreceivedtherecognitionshedeserved.Shediedin1934fromleukaemia,duetoexposuretohigh-energyradiationusedinherresearch.Radiationhassincebeenusedtotreatcancerworldwide.

KarlWilhelmRontgen【B1】______peoplewiththefirstx-raysin1895;thiswas【B2】_____threeyearslaterbythediscoveryofradiumbyPierreandMarieCurie.Butwhowerethey?In1894,MarieandPierreCuriemetwhilestudyinginParis.Theirmarriageon25thJuly1895markedthestartofa【B3】______whichwastoreceiveworldwiderecognition.

TheCuriesdiscoveredradium,a【B4】______substance,inuraniumoxideore.Theydevelopedtechniquesfor【B5】it,butfirstdidnotfullyunderstandits【B6】______PierreCurieusedtocarryradiumaroundinhiswaistcoatpocketandcouldnotunderstandwhyhewasdevelopingamassive【B7】______onhischest.Thiswouldhavebeen【B8】______,butPierre'slifewascutshortin1906whenhewasknockeddownandkilledbyahorseandcartinthestreet.【B9】______.

MarieandPierreCuriewereawardedajointNobelPrizein1904,followedupbyasecondoneforMariein1911.Theirresearchwascrucialinthedevelopmentofx-raysinsurgery.【B10】______.TheInternationalRedCrossmadeherheadofitsRadiologicalServiceandsheheldtrainingcoursesformedicalorderliesanddoctorsinthenewtechniques.

【B11】______.Shediedin1934fromleukaemia,duetoexposuretohigh-energyradiationusedinherresearch.Radiationhassincebeenusedtotreatcancerworldwide.

【B1】

36.(34)

A.Theviolinwastooheavyforher.

B.Shewastooyoungtoplaytheviolin.

C.Theviolinwastooexpensive.

D.Hermotherwantedhertoplaythepiano.

37.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：W:Ineedsomeaspirin,please,andI'dalsoliketogetthisprescriptionfilled.

M:Fine.Here'syouraspirin.Ihavetheprescriptionforyouinabouttenminutesifyouwanttowait.

Q:Wheredidthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

(12)

A.Atadrugstore.

B.Atahospital.

C.Atadoctor'soffice.

D.Atadentist'soffice.

38.(36)

A.Theirtastymeat.

B.Theprincipleoftheirdefensesystemagainstdisease.

C.Theirsolidskin.

D.Theprincipleoftheirbirthmodes,

39.聽力原文：W:Theweathermansaysthestormisgettingworse．

M:Ifhe'sasgoodasheusuallyisatmakingforecasts,wewillprobablyhaveblueskiestomorrow.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(16)

A.Theweathermanisoftenwrong.

B.Theweathermanisusuallygoodatmakingforecasts.

C.Itisgoingtobesunny.

D.Itisgoingtoraintomorrow.

40.(15)

A.Hehasdecidedhowhe'sgoingtospendtheprizemoney.

B.Hedoesn'tknowhowmuchhisrentisgoingtoincrease.

C.He'salreadyplanningtoenternextyear'sessaycontest.

D.Hehasalreadypaidhislandlordfornextyear'srent.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Itisfeasibletousethemtomeasuremesoscalefields,ifconventionaltechniqueswere______.

A.expensiveB.massiveC.effectiveD.cheap

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

KimiyukiSudashoedbeaperfectcustomerforJapan'scarmakers.He'sayoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicecompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposableincome.HeusedtoownToyota'sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheusesmostlysubwaysandtrains."It'snotinconvenientatall,"hesays.Besides,"havingacarisso20th-century."

SudareflectsaworrisometrendinJapan;theautomobileislosingitsemotionalappeal,particularlyamongtheyoung,whoprefertospendtheirmoneyonthelatestelectronicgadgets.Alarmedbythedecayofcarsalesandatendencyof"demotorization",theJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation(JAMA)launchedacomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006andfoundthatJapanesedemographics(人口統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù))havesomethingtodowiththeproblem.Thecountry'surbanpopulationhasgrownbynearly20percentsince1990,andmostcitydwellersusemasstransitonadailybasis,makingitlessessentialtoownacar.ExpertssayEurope,wherethecarmarketisalsoquitemature,maybeinforasimilarshift.

ButinJapan,the"demotorization"processisalsodrivenbycostfactors.Owninganddrivingacarcancostupto$500permonthinJapan,includingparkingfees,carinsurance,tollroadsandvarioustaxes.Taxesona$17000carinJapanare4.1timeshigherthanintheUnitedStates,1.7timeshigherthaninGermanyand1.25timeshigherthanintheU.K.,accordingtoJAMA."Automobilesusedtorepresentasymbolofourstatus,aWestern,modemlifestyle.thatweaspiredfor,"saysKitamura.Fortoday'syoungpeople,heargues,"suchthinkingiscompletelygone."

Carsareincreasinglyjustamobileutility;therealconsumertimeandeffortgoesintopickingthecoolestmobilephonesandpersonalcomputers,notthehippesthatchback.Therental-carindustryhasgrownbymorethan30percentinthepasteightyears,ascitydwellersbookweekendwheelsovertheInternet.Meanwhile,governmentsurveysshowthatspendingoncarsperhouseholdperyearfellby14percent,to$600,between2000and2005,whilespendingonNetandmobile-phonesubscriptionsroseby39percent,to$1500,duringthesameperiod.

ThoughKimiyukiSudausedtoownasportutilityvehicle,henowtravelsby______inmostcases.

43.

TheauthormovedtoAlexandriabecause______.

A.shewasagreattravcler

B.herhusbandwastransferred

C.shewasexpectingherdaughter

D.shewantedtomeetcoolnewmoms

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Itwasgoingtohaveroughlytheeffectofaneutronbombattackonhighstreetsandshoppingmalls.Thebuildingswouldbeleftstandingbutthepeoplewouldvanish.SuchwasthesuperiorefficiencyofsellingthingsviatheInternetthatbrick-and-mortarstoreswouldbeunabletocompeteonprice,choiceorevenservice.Bookandmusicsellershadalreadybeen"Amazoned".Soonweb-based"category-killers",ineverythingfromtoystopetsupplies,wouldoverwhelmtheirphysical-worldcompetitors.Shopperswouldneverbemorethanamouse-clickfromthebestdeals.Traditionalretailers,terrifiedofcannibalizing(同類相食)salesanddestroyingthevalueoftheirexpensiveproperties,werealreadytoolatetomeetthechallenge."Insomecategories,"saidMaryMeeker,aseer(預言家)oftheInternetatMorganStanley,"it'salreadygameover."

Theseareconvenientbeliefsforanyonejustifyingsomee-commerceshareprices,buttheyarealreadymostlywrong.Thereasonsshouldsurprisenoone.TheInternetisnotadominanttechnologybutratheranetworkofpeople.Itisarichandhighlyflexiblemeansofcommunicatingthatisrapidlyachievingpervasivenessbecausemoreandmorepeoplefinditeasyandconvenienttouse.Butitisthosepeople'spreferencesthatwillcount;andformostpeople,shoppingismorethanjustameanstoanend.EveniftheInternetprovidedaperfectlyefficientwaytoshopitwouldnotprovideasatisfactoryalternativetothephysicalenjoymentofsniffingaripemelon,say,ortryingonacashmeresweater.

Ofcourse,someproducts,suchasmusicandbanking,canbedistributedelectronicallywithsuccessandcostsaving.Butmostpurchasescannotbereducedtodigitalcode.Anddistributingphysicalgoodsiscumbersome(笨重的)andexpensive.Behindeventhemostexcitinguserinterfacethereareold-fashionedwarehousesandlorries,customerswhodeclinetositathomewaitingforpurchasestoarrive,andgoodsthatmustbere-wrappedandexpensivelyreturned.Nowonderthatthecostofgettinggoodstocustomers'homessooftensoaksupthenotionalpriceadvantagesofe-commerce.

WhatInternetshoppershavequicklyrealizedisthatthewebisanadditionto,andnotasubstitutefor,theirshoppinghabits.Itiswonderfulforgatheringup-to-dateinformationaboutproductsandprices.CyberDialogue,aresearchfirm,estimatesthatin199823mAmericanssoughtinformationonline,butthenmadetheirpurchasesoffline,comparedwithonly17.7mwhodidthewholethingonline.

Theauthorcompares______oftheonlinesaletotheeffectofneutronbombattack.

A.theefficiencyB.thechoiceC.thepriceD.theservice

45.

By"rhetoricexcesses"(Paragraph1)theauthormeans______.

46.

Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause______.

A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV

B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised

C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife

D.theydon'ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds

47.

FromthepassagewecanconcludethattheUShascometorealize______.

A.theweakeningoftheUSdollarcanresultintradedeficits

B.thelowertheretailprices,thegreaterinprofits

C.tourismcanmakegreatcontributionstoitseconomy

D.visitorstotheUSarewealthierthanUStouristsabroad

48.

Basicresearchisvitalbecause______.

A.itleadstoresultsthatcanbeappreciated

B.itisdrivenoutbyappliedresearch

C.itprovidesthebasisforscientificprogress

D.itsresultscannotbeanticipated

49.

Whoobjectedtotheclosingoftherailwaybranchline?

A.OnlypeoplelivinginBarnstaple.

B.WorkersoftheSouthernRailway.

C.PeopleofbothBarnstapleandLynton.

D.ThemanagementoftheSouthernRailway.

50.Somepeopleareaccustomedtothinkingthatfactsmusteitherbebelievedortheymustbedisbelieved—asifbeliefswerelikealightswitchwithonlytwopositions,onoroff.Myuseofthebathtubhoaxisintendedtoillustratethatbeliefdoesnothavetooperateasasimpleyesornochoice,allornothing.Beliefcanbemoreconditional;itcanbesomethingthatwedecidetohave"uptoapoint"or"toadegree".Andso,thequestionwemightaskourselveswhilereadingdoesnothavetobe"ShouldIbelieve'itornot?"butinsteadcanbe"HowmuchshouldIbelieveit?"Thislaterquestionimpliesthatthebeliefwehaveinanygivenfact,orinanygivenidea,isnotdeterminedbywhetheritsoundsrightorwhetherthesourceisanauthority.Itmeansthatourbeliefsaredeterminedbythereasonsthatjustifythem.

Beliefisnotamechanicalaction,broughtaboutbyinvariablerulesofnature.Itisahumanactivity,theexerciseofjudgment.Withthisinmind,wemightsaythatweperform.thisactionbetterwhenweknowwhatthereasonsarethathaveledtoourbelief,andwhytheyaregoodreasons.Theseobservationsdonotdepriveusofourabilitytobelieveinwhatweread.Theyarenotintendedtotransform.youfromcredulousbelieversintostubborndoubters.

Theprocessofweighingbeliefsagainstthequalityofreasonsisonethatyoualreadygothroughallthetime,whetheryouareawareofitornot.Wealldo.Thepracticeofcriticalreadingistheexerciseofthiskindofjudgmentonpurpose.Bydoingit,weprotectourselvesfrombeingledintobeliefforinadequatereasons,butatthesametimeweopenupourmindstothepossibilityofarrivingatbeliefforadequateones.Ifwedecidetograntorwithholdconsentbasedonthequalityofthereasonsthatwearegiven,weadmitatthesametimethattwothingsarepossible:Weadmitthatwemightconsentlessinthefutureifwediscoverthatthereasonsarenotsogoodafterall;andweadmitthatwemightconsentmoreifweareeverpresentedwithbetterreasonsthanwehadformerlyknown.Thisattitudeisnotpureskepticismanymorethanitispurecredulity.Itissomewhereinbetween.Itistheattitudeofanopen-mindedthinker,ofsomeonewhowishestoberesponsiblefordecidingforherselforhimself