chapter-10-職業(yè)及人力資源發(fā)展

Chapter10CareersandHRDevelopment

職位和人力資源發(fā)展

孫志婕2012.4.11編輯pptContentCareers職位SpecialCareerIssuesforOrganizationsandEmployees企業(yè)和員工的職位問題DevelopingHumanResources人力資源發(fā)展DevelopmentNeedsAnalyses發(fā)展需求分析SuccessionPlanning接班人計劃\繼任計劃ChoosingaDevelopmentApproach發(fā)展方式選擇ManagementDevelopment管理發(fā)展編輯pptCareersAcareeristheseriesofwork-relatedpositionsapersonoccupiesthroughoutlife.職位是指個人一生中占有的一系列與工作相關的地位。Effectivecareerplanningconsidersbothorganization-centeredandindividualcenteredperspectives.有效的職位計劃要同時從組織為中心和個人為中心的角度考慮。編輯pptCareersOrganization-CenteredCareerPlanningfocusesonjobsandonidentifyingcareerpathsthatprovideforthelogicalprogressionofpeoplebetweenjobsinanorganization.以組織為中心的職位計劃關注于職位本身以及識別職位道路，以便為組織中不同職位的員工提供合理的進步。Individual-CenteredCareerPlanningfocusesonanindividual’scareerratherthanonorganizationalneeds.比起關注組織的需求，以個人為中心的職位計劃更加關注個人的職位。編輯pptIndividual-CenteredCareerPlanning

ActivitiesforindividualstomanagetheircareersSelf-assessment自我評價Feedbackonreality對現(xiàn)狀的反饋Settingcareergoals設定職位目標編輯pptHowPeopleChooseCareersGeneralindividualcharacteristicsaffectchoices:Interest:peopletendtopursuecareersthattheybelievematchtheirinterests.人們傾向于追求與其興趣相投的職位。Self-image:acareerisanextensionofaperson’sself-image.職位是個人自我形象的擴展。Personality:includesanemployee’spersonalorientationandpersonalneeds.個性包括個人傾向和個人需求。Socialbackgrounds:socioeconomicstatusandtheeducationallevelandoccupationofaperson’sparentsarealsofactorsincluded.社會經(jīng)濟地位、教育水平以及父母的職業(yè)也是影響因素。編輯pptCareerTransitionsandHR

ThreecareertransitionOrganizationalentryandsocialization組織準入和社會化Transfersandpromotions:offeropportunitiesforemployeestodevelopandoftenbringpayincreases.調動和晉升是指為員工提供發(fā)展機會，通常伴隨著薪酬的增加。Jobloss：itismostassociatedwithdownsizing,mergers,andacquisitions.失業(yè)通常與企業(yè)裁員、兼并和收購有關。編輯pptRetirementIssues

EmotionalAdjustmentsforRetireesSelf-management自我管理Needtobelong歸屬需求Prideinachievement成就帶來的自豪感Territoriality工作“地盤”Goals目標設定編輯pptCareerIssuesCareerplateaus職位停滯:thelackofopportunitytomoveup.缺乏機會繼續(xù)晉升。Technicalandprofessionalworkers技術及專業(yè)人員:theseindividualswanttostayintheirtechnicalareasratherthanentermanagement;yetadvancementinorganizationsfrequentlyrequiresamoveintomanagement.盡管企業(yè)的進步需要人員進入管理層，但比起進入管理部門，這些人員更想留在自己的技術領域。Dual-careercouples雙職工家庭:dual-careercouplemaylosesomeincomewhenrelocating;thustheyhavehigherexpectations,requestmorehelpandexpecthighersalaries.遷移會減少雙職工家庭的收入，因此，他們有更高的期望，尋求更多的幫助，期望得到更高的薪水。編輯pptApproachesaddressthedual-careerconcernsPayingemploymentagencyfeesfortherelocatingpartner.為安置的一方支付職業(yè)介紹所的費用。Payingfordesignatednumberoftripsforthepartnertolookforajobintheproposednewlocation.為另一方支付指定數(shù)量的旅行費用，以便在新的地區(qū)尋找工作。Helpingthepartnerfindajobwithinthesamecompanyorinanotherdivisionorsubsidiaryofthecompany.幫助另一方在同一家公司或是在此公司的分支機構或子公司找工作。Developingcomputerizedjobbankstosharewithothercompaniesintheareathatlistpartnersavailableforjobopenings.發(fā)展電子化的職位銀行并與此地區(qū)的其他企業(yè)分享，列出職位空缺所適合的工作人選。編輯pptDevelopingHumanResourcesDevelopmentrepresentseffortstoimproveemployees’abilitytohandleavarietyofassignmentandtocultivatecapabilitiesbeyondthoserequiredbythecurrentjob.發(fā)展意味著努力提高員工的能力來處理各種各樣的任務，同時培養(yǎng)員工除現(xiàn)有工作要求以外的能力。編輯pptDevelopmentvs.Training

Performanceappraisals;

cost-benefitanalysis;passing

tests,or

certificationQualifiedpeopleavailablewhenneeded;promotionfromwithinpossible;HR-basedcompetitiveadvantageLearnspecificbehaviorsandactions;demonstratetechniquesandprocessesUnderstandinformationconceptsandcontext;developjudgment;expandcapacitiesforassignmentsTraining

DevelopmentShortertermLongertermFocusTimeframeEffectivenessmeasures編輯pptHRDevelopmentProcessFormulateHRplans人力資源計劃構想Identifynecessarycapabilities確定必要的能力Assessdevelopmentneeds評估發(fā)展需求Carryoutsuccessionplanning執(zhí)行繼任計劃Evaluatedevelopmentsuccess評估發(fā)展成果（是否成功）Conductdevelopmentplanning執(zhí)行發(fā)展計劃Determinedevelopmentapproaches決定發(fā)展方式編輯pptDevelopingSpecificCapabilitiesImportantandcommonmanagementcapabilitiesactionorientation動作定向qualitydecisionmaking質量決策ethicalvalues倫理道德價值technicalskills專業(yè)技術能力編輯pptDevelopingSpecificCapabilitiesCertainnon-technicalabilities

Abilitytoworkunderpressure面對工作壓力的能力Abilitytoworkindependently獨立工作的能力Abilitytosolveproblemsquickly快速解決問題的能力Abilitytousepastknowledgeinanewsituation有能力在新處境中使用以前的知識編輯pptDevelopmentNeedsAnalysesAssessmentCenter:acollectionofinstrumentsandexercisesdesignedtodiagnoseindividuals’developmentneeds.評估中心是指設計一系列的工具和練習來診斷個體的發(fā)展需求。PsychologicalTesting:usedtodetermineemployees’developmentpotentialandneeds.使用心理測試來確定員工的發(fā)展?jié)摿托枰?。PerformanceAppraisals:itisasourceofdevelopmentinformation.績效評估是發(fā)展信息的來源。編輯pptSuccessionPlanningSuccessionplanningisaprocessofidentifyingalonger-termplanfortheorderlyreplacementofkeyemployees.繼任計劃是確認核心員工有序更換的長期計劃的過程。編輯pptSuccessionPlanningProcessFormulatestrategicHRplan制定人力資源戰(zhàn)略計劃Addresssuccessionplanning進行繼任計劃Assesscurrentemployeecapabilitiesandinterests評估當前員工的能力與興趣Developpreliminaryreplacementcharts發(fā)展初步的置換圖表EngageinHRdevelopment進行人力資源發(fā)展Periodicallyreviewandreassessplans定期檢查和重新評估計劃編輯pptChoosingaDevelopmentApproachDevelopmentapproaches:job-sitemethods工作中的方法Coaching:thetrainingandfeedbackgiventoemployeesbyimmediatesupervisors.輔導是指上級主管給予員工的培訓和反饋。Committeeassignments\meetings委員會任務\會議Jobrotation:theprocessofshiftinganemployeesfromjobtojob.崗位輪換是指將員工從一個崗位轉換到另一個崗位的過程?！癆ssistant-to”positions:staffpositionsimmediatelyunderamanager.“助理”職位是指僅次于經(jīng)理的員工職位。On-linedevelopment在線發(fā)展Corporateuniversities/careerdevelopmentcenters企業(yè)大學\職位發(fā)展中心“Learningorganization”學習型組織編輯pptChoosingaDevelopmentApproachDevelopmentapproaches:off-sitemethods

工作外的方法Classroomcoursesanddegrees課堂課程和學位Humanrelationstraining:preparesupervisorstodealwith“peopleproblems”broughttothembytheiremployees.人際關系培訓是指主管要準備好處理員工帶給他們的“人際問題”。Simulations(businessgames):adevelopmenttechniquethatrequiresparticipantstoanalyzeasituationanddecidethebestcourseofactionbasedonthedatagiven.模擬（商業(yè)游戲）是一種發(fā)展技術，要求參與者分析情況并根據(jù)給出的數(shù)據(jù)決定最好的行動計劃。Sabbaticalandleavesofabsence:paidtimeoffthejobtodevelopandrejuvenateoneself.休假和缺席是指帶薪休假來發(fā)展和激發(fā)自我。out-doortraining:sendmanagersandemployeesofftoordealsinthewilderness.戶外訓練是指將經(jīng)理和員工送去野外進行考驗。編輯pptManagementcoachingOutlineofgoodcoachingpointers優(yōu)質訓練指標Explainingappropriatebehavior恰當?shù)男袨榻忉孧akingclearwhyactionsweretaken弄清行動進行的原因Accuratelystatingobservations準確的闡述觀察Providingpossiblealternatives\suggestions提供可能的替代方案\建議Followingup\reinforcing跟進\強化編輯pptMentoringMentoringisarela