北京市海淀區(qū)高三下冊英語二模試卷

第第頁高三英語本試卷共8頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Jeremycannolongerread,driveacarorevenrecognizefaces.Butthe20-year-old,wholosthiscentralvisiontwoyearsago,can__1___hitasmallwhiteballintoaslightlylargerholefromaconsiderabledistance.JeremywasdiagnosedwithanextremelyrarediseasecalledLHON.Facedwiththeonsetofblindness,Jeremyadmitshe2intodepressionforacoupleofmonthsandfearedhe'dneverplaygolfagain.OnedayonTVhesawaguycryingbitterlywhohadjustlosthisfamilywhenaplanecrasheddownonhishouse.Jeremythought,"Ifthisguycanmakeitthroughthis,thenIcan3havingnocentralvision.nThatbecamehismotto:"Thingscouldbe4Sosixmonthsafterlosinghissight,Jeremydecidedto5hisgolfclubagain.HehadplayedeverySundaysincetheageoftwelvewithhisDadLionel.Blindgolfbroughtthemevencloserbecause,unliketheregularversionofthesport,it'sa6game.Lionelactsashisson'ssightedcoachonthecourse.He7theholeandhazards（障礙）.Thenhepointsinthedirection,whileJeremyplaceshischinonhisdad'sshouldertogeta8ofthecorrectposition.TheyplayedtogetherandwontheWorldBlindGolfChampionship.Besides,Jeremyhasbeencollectingmoneyandraising9ofLHONwithsponsoredbikerides,half-marathonsandevenskydives."That'sthegreater10ofmydoinganything,”hetoldCNN.1.A.casuallyB.seriouslyC?successfullyD?accidentally2.A.ranB.lookedC?slippedD.burst3.A.avoidB.sufferC?escapeD,survive4.A.funnierB.worseC?simplerD.crazier5.A.lookforB.showoffC.pickupD.dealwith6.A.teamB.classC?mindD,strength7.A.clearsB.measuresC?discoversD.describes8.A.senseB.signC.viewD.mark9.A.levelsB.awarenessC?standardsD.spirit10.A.challengeB.opportunityC?potentialD,purpose第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。ABeijingresidentswokeuptoyellowskyonSundaymorningasnorthernChina11(hit)bythelargestsandstormofthedecade.Airpollutionreadingsrosetotheupperlimitof500at8a.m.,accordingtodatafromthecity'senvironmentalmonitorycenter,asvisibilitywasreducedto12(little)than1,000metersinpartsofthecity.Thecity'sweatherbureauadvisedresidentstostayindoorsasmuchaspossible,whileexpertsareworkingtofindout13thesandstormcameintobeing.BSpeakingofmapapps,someusershavefoundthattheyareusefulformorethanjust14(find)one'sway.Oneman,SanFrancisco'sLennyMaughan,usesthemtomakeworksofart.Lennyrunseverywherehecan.15hegoes,hetrackshisprogressbyusinganapp,suchasMapMyRunorStrava.Asheruns,theapptracesalinealongthepathhefollows.So,tomakehisrunsmorefun,Lennydecidedtorun16patternsthatwouldcreateamazingimages.Todate,hehassharedrunsthathaveturnedintoimagesofaheart,aportraitofartistFridaKahlo,andmore.CIn2016,IunpackedmyluggageatanewlyconstructedNewYorkhotelonlytorealizethatI17(forget)mytoothpaste.Icalledroomservice,andan18(energy)voiceresponded,11Someonewillbringitrightup."Twominuteslater,Iopenedmydooronlytodiscoveranobjectresemblingatrashcanonwheels,19(equip)withalid,alargebuttonandasmalldigitalscreen.Icautiouslypushedthebuttonandthelidopened,revealingatoothpastetube.Thedigitaldisplayflashed"Thankyou".Theroboticvisitorthenturnedaroundandrolledaway.Beforeitdisappeared,Isnappedaphoto,sendingittoafriend,20laterresponded,"Wow,socool!"第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。AAubreyisaFedExdriverwhohasmaderegulardeliverystopsinaruralneighborhoodinIndiana.Duringherstopsthere,shewouldseean11-year-oldboy,Elijah,playingbasketballwithanoldandrustybenthoop."Itwascrazytomehowhappyhewaswiththebrokenhoop.EverytimeIsawhim,hewassojoyfulplayingbasketball.Seeinghimsohappystuckwithme,"saidAubrey.TheFedExdriverthoughtaboutElijahmanytimesoverthemonths,anddecidedthatshewantedtoblesshiminaspecialway."Ijustwouldn'tstopthinkingaboutit.Ireallywantedtogethimahoop.Hedeservesit."Aubreywentoutandboughtanewbasketballhoopandinstalleditwhenthefamilywasn'thome.Sheleftanotethatread:"Justwantedyouandyoursontohavethebesthoopthat'llgrowwithhimandallhisfriends."Shesignedherself"justoneoftheFedExdriversinthearea"."Ireadthenote,andthemomentIrealizedwhoitwasfrom,Istartedtocry,"saidColedo,Elijah'smom."WhenElijahcamehomeandIshowedittohim,hegotreallyemotional.Hegotteary-eyedbuthe'san11-year-oldboy,sohereallydidn'twanttoadmithewascrying,"laughedColedo."Hejustsattherefor10minutesstaringatthehoopuntilitreallytouchedhimthatshewentoutofherwaytodosomethingjustforhim/'AubreyhadnoideahowmuchhersurprisegifthadimpactedElijahandhisfamily.TheyallhadgonethroughadifficultyearwithColedo'shusbandsufferingaseriousinjury,andColedocrashinghercar."It'sjustbeenahardyear.We'resohumbledandgratefulshewoulddothisforus.Thishasbeenahugethingforus,"saidColedo.WhenAubreymadeanotherFedExdeliverytotheirneighborhood,Elijahsawher,rantoherandhuggedher.ElijahalsogaveAubreyacardhemadeforher.Andheinvitedhertoplayagameofbasketballwithhimandhisyoungerbrother."Itwasalmostlikewe'dalwaysknowneachother.Ireallybondedwiththeboys,"saidAubrey."I'mjustreallyhappytheyknowthatsomeoneisoutthereforthem."AubreyboughtElijahanewbasketballhoopbecause .shewantedtomakeafriendusingasurprisegiftshewaseagertodonatetochildrenintheruralareashewasimpressedbyElijah'spassionforbasketballshethoughtElijahwasunhappywiththebrokenhoopHowdidthefamilyfeelwhentheysawthenewhoop?Touched.B.Satisfied. C.Relaxed.D.Honored.WhatinfluencedidAubrey'sgifthaveonElijahandhisfamily?IthelpedElijahachievehisdream.Itreducedthefamily'sfinancialburden.Itgavethefamilywarmthatadifficulttime.ItencouragedElijahtobondwiththeotherboys.. BWalkingWaterScienceExperimentforKidswaikingwaterexperimentLet'sgetsetupforwalkingwaterwithafewquickandeasystepsthekidscan definitelybeapartof!Weusedtesttubesforthreesetsofprimarycolors.Youcanuselessaslongasyouhaveenoughtogoaroundwithallthecolorsmixing.First,addred,yellow,andbluefoodcoloring(onecolorpertesttube)inorder.Giveeachtesttubealittlestir(攪拌)toevenlydistributethecolor.Trytoputthesameamountoffoodcoloringineachcontainer.CutthinstripsofwhitepapertoweltowaikingwaterexperimentBeforeyouinsertthestrips,youhavetheperfectopportunitytomakesomepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Haveyourkidscomeupwithapredictionfortheirexperiment?Willthewaterwalk?Youcanstarttheconversationwith"Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhenweputthetowelsintothewater?"Thewholeprocessstartsprettyquickly,butitdoestakeawhileforthecolorstobegintomixwitheachother.Extendthescienceactivity:pulloutthewatercolorsanddosomecolormixingartwhileyouwait.Makesuretocheckonyourwalkingwaterscienceexperimenteveryonceinawhiletoseethechangesthatareconstantlytakingplace.Thekidswillbeamazedathowthewaterseemstofightagainstgravity!Asthepapertowelsabsorbthecoloredwater,thewatertravelsupthetowelstrip.Itmeetsupwiththeothercoloredwaterthathastraveleduptheneighboringstrip.Wheretheprimarycolorsinteract,theyturnintothesecondarycolors.Bothcolorswillcontinuetotravelaslongasthetowelfibersabsorbthewater.Theexperimentiscolorfulandsimpletodo!Plus,itisinterestingformultipleages.Olderkidsshouldbeabletosetitupallbythemselvesandcanalsouseoursciencejournalpagetorecordtheirresults.Whatmaterialsareneededfortheexperiment?Testtubes,foodcoloringandpapertowel.Drinkingwater,testtubesandanotebook.Foodcoloring,watercupsandapapercutter.Mixedcolors,towelstripsandfoodcontainers.Intheexperiment,you'reexpectedto .addthreecolorsintoeachcontainersetupastopwatchfromthebeginningputcolorfultowelstripsinthetesttubesstireachtesttubetomakethecolorevenWaterinthetesttubescanwalkbecause .foodcoloringhasthepowertotakeinwatertowelfibersabsorbwaterandallowittotravelwaterflowsnaturallyundertheinfluenceofgravitycolorsinteractwitheachotherandthustraveleasilyCFortoday5sincreasinglyinterconnectedfoodsupplychains,"efficient"iswhatit'ssupposedtobe:Eachcountryspecializesinwhatit'sbest,atandputsitontheglobalmarket.Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.Asaresult,atleastintheory,pricesstaylow,theworldgetsfedandeveryonewins.However,thecoronaviruscrisisdemonstrateswhatiswrongwiththisapproach.Whenbarrierspreventfoodfromreachingitsmarkets,ordemandsuddenlydrops—bothofwhicharehappeningnow—thesystemfallsapart.Specializationofthefoodsystemmakesithardtoshiftintodifferentmarketswhendisruptionsarise.Belgium,aleadingexporterofpotatoes,lostsalesnotonlytolocalrestaurantsbutalsotoothercountriesbecauseoflockdowns（封鎖）.AtleasttheBelgianscantrytoeatthepotatoesathome.Thatstrategywon'tworkforeverycrop:Ghana,theworld'stopcocoaexporter,lostmarketswhenpeoplestalledfocusingonbuyingessentialitemsinsteadofchocolate.ThelossinexportincomeinAfricamoregenerallycouldhaveahugeimpactifthepandemiccontinues,asmanycountriesthererelyheavilyonimportedwheatandrice.Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries—includingRussiaandVietnam—imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.Concentratedmarketsdominatedbyjustahandfulofcompaniesheightenfoodsystemfragility.Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada'sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID-19amongworkers.Seeingthespoiledproductsacrosstheworldshouldforceallofustorethinkour“efficient”foodsupplies.Weneedtorejuvenate（使恢復活力）localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatcomewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporate-dominatedfoods.Thisdoesn'tmeancuttingoffalltradeorabolishingallpackagedfoods,butitdoesmeanbuildingdiversity,andincreasingopportunitiesforsmallandmedium-scaleenterprisestoflourishinshorter,moresustainablefoodsupplychainsthatareclosertohome.Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelarge-scale,specializedandexport-orientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.Aroundtheworld,small-scaleandorganicproducershavebeenoverwhelmedwiththesurgeininterestfromcustomerswhowanttobuydirectlyfromfarmersduringthecrisis.Buttheseproducersoftenlacktheinfrastructuretomeetthatdemand.Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.Intheory,specializationofthefoodsystem .adaptstochangesefficiently B. balancessupply anddemandC. focusesonessentialitems D. reducescostsofproductionTheunderlinedword"fragility"inParagraph5means .weakness B. diversityC. unfairness D. complexityWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Afewcountriesrestrictexportstostabilizelocalfoodprices.GrainpricesriseduetoAfrica'sdependenceonimportation.GhanamightbelessaffectedbylockdownsthanBelgiumwas.Packaged-foodconsumptionshouldbeencouragedtoaddressthecrisis.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto .exposefoodsecurityissuesduringthecrisisadvocateestablishingdiverselocalfoodsystemsdiscussthedevelopmentofasustainableeconomyprovetheimportanceofsoundgovernmentpoliciesDEveryday,itseemsthatsomenewalgorithm（算法）enablescomputerstodiagnoseadiseasewithunprecedentedaccuracy,renewingpredictionsthatcomputer'swillsoonreplacedoctors.Whatifcomputerscouldreplacepatientsaswell?Ifvirtualhumanscouldhavereplacedrealpeopleinsomestagesofacoronavirusvaccinetrial,itcouldhavespeddevelopmentofapreventivetoolandsloweddownthepandemic.Similarly,potentialvaccinesthatweren'tlikelytoworkcouldhavebeenidentifiedearly,reducingtrialcostsandavoidingtestingpoorvaccinecandidatesonlivingvolunteers.Thesearesomeofthebenefitsof"insilicomedicine",orthetestingofdrugsandtreatmentsonvirtualorgansorbodysystemstopredicthowarealpersonwillrespondtothetherapies.Themodelingbeginsbyfeedinganatomicaldatadrawnfromnoninvasive（非侵入式）high-resolutionimagingofanindividual'sactualorganintoacomplexmathematicalmodelofthemechanismsthatgovernthatorgan'sfunction.Algorithmsrunningonpowerfulcomputersresolvetheresultingequationsandunknowns,generatingavirtualorganthatlooksandbehavesliketherealthing.Insilicoclinicaltrialsarealreadyunderwaytoanextent.HeartFlowAnalysis,forinstance,enablesclinicianstoidentifyCAD（冠心?。゜asedonCTimagesofapatient'sheart.TheHeartFlowsystemusestheseimagestoconstructafluiddynamicmodelofthebloodrunningthroughthecoronarybloodvessels,therebyidentifyingabnormalconditionsandtheirseverity.Withoutthistechnology,doctorswouldneedtoperformaninvasiveoperationtodecidewhetherandhowtointervene.Experimentingondigitalmodelsofindividualpatientscanalsohelppersonalizetherapyforanynumberofconditionsandisalreadyusedindiabetescare.Thephilosophybehindinsilicomedicineisnotnew.Theabilitytocreateandsimulatetheperformanceofanobjectunderhundredsofoperatingconditionshasbeenacornerstoneofengineeringfordecades,suchasfordesigningelectroniccircuits,airplanesandbuildings.Variousobstaclesremaintoitswidespreadimplementationinmedicalresearchanddevelopment.Thepredictivepowerandreliabilityofthistechnologymustbeconfirmed,andthatwillrequireseveraladvances.Thoseincludethegenerationofhighqualitymedicaldatabasesfromalarge,ethnicallydiversepatientbasethathasbothwomenandmen;improvementofmathematicalmodelstoaccountforthemanyinteractingprocessesinthebody;andfurthermodificationofAlmethodsthatweredevelopedmainlyforcomputer-basedspeechandimagerecognitionandneedtobeextendedtoprovidebiologicalinsights.InrecentyearsAmericanandEuropeanregulatorshaveapprovedsomecommercialusesofcomputer-baseddiagnostics,butmeetingregulatorydemandsrequiresconsiderabletimeandmoney.Creatingdemandforthesecomputer-baseddiagnostictoolsischallengingaswell.Insilicomedicinemustbeabletodelivercost-effectivevalueforpatients,cliniciansandhealthcareorganizationstoacceleratetheiradoptionofthetechnology.Accordingtothetext,"insilicomedicine"mighthelp .discoverthecauseofanillnessquickenthecreationofnewmedicinerecognizethesymptomsofadiseaseearlieravoidincludingunhealthyvolunteersintrialsWecanlearnfromthetextthatHeartFlowAnalysis .workseffectivelyinCADtreatmentofferspersonalizedtherapiestopatientsreducesthechancesofinvasiveoperationsbuildsmodelsafteridentifyingabnormalconditionsAccordingtotheauthor,furtherapplicationof"insilicomedicine"requires .moneyandtimefromtheregulatorsreplacementofoldmathematicalmodelsmoreproofofitseffectivenessanddependabilityprogressinspeechandimagerecognitiontechnologyWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?LookingtoAltoEndExperimentalStudyInSilicoMedicineSavedMillionsofLivesExploringtheFutureofAlgorithminMedicineVirtualPatientsCouldRevolutionizeMedicine第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhatAretheRootsofYourSelf-Esteem?Self-esteemisaperson'ssubjectiveassessmentofhisorherworthtohimselforherself.Self-esteemcoversvariousbeliefsaboutoneself（suchas'Tmafailure"and"I'mbeautiful"）aswellasphysiologicalstates,includingsadness,joy,andshame.Themorewebelievethatweareworthyofhappinessandgoodthingsinlife,themoreself-fulfilledwewillbe.Whenwedon'tbelievethatweareworthyofthesethings,ourabilitytoenjoythemcansuffer.35Healthyself-esteemasanadultcanbeagiftgiveninyourchildhood.Itisablessingthatmostpeopleoverlook.Therearesomanywaysadultswithhighself-esteemweresupportedaschildrenthatresultedinthemhavinghighself-esteem.Forinstance,theywerepraisedforwhattheyhadachieved.Theylikelyexperiencedaffectionandweregivenenoughattention.Itisalsopossiblethattheyexcelledinstudiesorinsportsandwereadmiredforitbypeers.Aschildren,manyofthesepeoplewerecriticized,yelledat,orabusedinonewayoranother.Thereisalsoahighchancethattheyweregivennoattentionbytheadultswhoweresupposedtocareforthem.Insomecases,adultswithpoorself-esteemwereoftenridiculedfortheirshortcomingsorbulliedbypeers.Itiscommonthattheseadultsalsobelievethatinordertobeappreciatedtheyneedtobeperfect.Therearepeoplewhoareobsessedwiththeircareersorhobbiesbecauseintheirmindtheyneedtotietheirworthinesstosomethingconcrete.Oftentimesthesepeoplehavetopretendtobesomethingtheyarenotjusttogetapproval.Howyoufeelaboutyourselfimpactshowyouliveyourlife.Peoplewithhighself-esteemtendtohavebetterrelationshipsthanthosewithlowself-esteem.39Soifyoustruggletoreachoutforassistance,itcouldberootedinyourlowself-esteem.Thereisalsoagoodchancethattheywerespokentorespectfully.Whenwestarttodoubtwhat'simportantinlife,wetendtodolessofit.Sinceself-esteemisconnectedtohowweperform,itisimportanttoworkonit.Peoplewithpoorself-esteem,ontheotherhand,oftenexperiencedtheopposite.Thiscreatesanimageintheirmindthatwithoutaccomplishmenttheyareworthless.Theyfacefailuretoo,buttheyunderstandthatfailureorsuccessdoesn'tdefinethem.Highself-esteemenablesyoutoaskforhelpandsupportfromthepeoplearoundyouwhenyouneedit.第三部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)閱讀表達（共4小題；第40、41小題各2分，第42小題3分，第43小題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。ThelastthingIwantedtohearwhenmygovernment-sponsoredscholarshipwaswithdrawnduringmyfinalyearofcollegewas:"Thingsareworkingoutforyourowngood.Justgivethemsometime/'Thosewordsjuststirredalotofangerinme.ThenIreadthestoryoftheChine