2021屆高考英語(yǔ)人與社會(huì)類閱讀精講四

2021屆高考英語(yǔ)人與社會(huì)類閱讀精講（四）萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的由來(lái)和影響There'snothingparticularlydifferenceaboutthewayCanadianscelebrateHalloween,yetperhapsatleastinmyneighborhood,itseemstobemoreabouttogethernessthananygreatpassiontowearawitch'shatorstringsomenetsaroundthebush.FolkloriststraceHalloweenbacktotheCelticfestivalofSamhain.NicholasRogers,inhisbookHalloween:FromPaganRitualtoPartyNight,saysthefeastmarkedthemidpointbetweentheautumnequinox（秋分）andthefallofwinter,atimeofstock-takingandpreparations.HalloweencametoNorthAmericawithIrishandScottishmigrationinthe19thcenturyandunderwentmanyrepeats.“Halloween'sabilitytoprovideapublicspaceforsocialdevelopmenthelditingoodpositionatatimewhenotherpotentiallywildholidayswerebecomingmoreinstitutionalizedanddomesticated（馴服的），"arguesMr.Rogers.Itchangedfromafamilyaffairtoapartyunitedbyadults.Inpopularculture,HalloweenisviewedasanAmericansecularholiday.AccordingtodigitalcouponcompanyRetailMeNot,73%ofAmericansplantocelebrateitthisyear,andifsaphenomenoninCanadatoo."It'sbecomebiggerandmorecelebratedthaniteverhas，'‘saysChrisAinsworth,whofoundedtheCanadianHauntersAssociation,agroupofhardcoreHalloweenenthusiastswhoturntheirhomesintodetailedhauntedhouseseachyear.In2018,theRetailCouncilofCanadamadenewssayingCanadianswerenowoutspendingAmericansonHalloween,tothetotalof$1billionannually.Theestimatehasremainedstable,saysDianeBrisebois,thecouncilpresident.That,snotbecauseenthusiasmhasdeclinedbutbecausepriceshavebeendrivendown.Somehereareunsatisfiedwiththecommercialinthefestivities.Butinsomewaystheholidayhasalsoreturnedtoitsrootsasacommunity-centeredactivity.Andperhapsthat,swhyeveryonegetssoexcitedaboutHalloweeninToronto,ametropolisthatisknownasa“cityofvillages”.1.WhatdotheCanadiansseemtolikeaboutHalloween?Itenrichespeople'slife.Itmakespeopleexcited.Itprovidespeopleget-together.ItmarksthefalloftheAutumn.2.WhydoestheHalloweenkeepasteadypositionaccordingtoParagraph2?Itgoesthroughreformation.Itcangiveaspaceforsocialdevelopment.Itprovidespeoplewithdifferentideasaboutholidays.Itcanchangeotherholidaysintomorereasonableones.tcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_.theHalloweenalwaysmakepeopleexcitedpeopleinTorontoliketocelebrateHalloweentheHalloweenisgraduallyreturningitstraditionpeoplearen'tcontentwithcommercialactivitiesinHalloween4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.C.Aresearchpaper.A.Abiologytextbook.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Aculturemagazine.文章語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語(yǔ)詞匯和短語(yǔ)釋義講解tracebackto追溯到……【相關(guān)短語(yǔ)】datebackto...追溯到datefromi始于feastn.盛會(huì)；宴會(huì)feast作動(dòng)詞,表示“參加宴會(huì);赴宴”【常見(jiàn)表達(dá)】aweddingfeast婚宴afeastfortheears視覺(jué)盛宴markV.紀(jì)念;慶賀標(biāo)志;意味著mark作名詞，表示“記號(hào)，符號(hào)，標(biāo)志”【常用搭配】marksth.withsth用...給做標(biāo)記marksb.downas將某人看作;認(rèn)定某人為stock-taking庫(kù)存盤點(diǎn)migration遷移，移居［衍生詞］migraten.遷移，移居migrantn.移居者immigratev.（從夕卜地）移居immigrantn.（外來(lái)）移民者undergo經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗(yàn)；遭受potentiallyadv.潛在地；可能地【衍生詞】potentialadj.潛在的，有可能的potentialn.潛力，潛能potentialcustomers潛在的客戶institutionalizeadj.約定俗成的;成慣例dviewas把……看作……；認(rèn)為……是……【相關(guān)短語(yǔ)】inviewofsth.鑒于；考慮到；由于abird's-eyeview（ofsth.）鳥(niǎo)瞰;俯視comeintoview進(jìn)入視野secular世俗的;現(xiàn)世的;非宗教phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象，事件復(fù)數(shù)形式為phenomenaenthusiastn.熱情者，熱心者enthusiasmn.熱情enthusiasticadj.熱心的;熱情的beenthusiasticaboutsb./sth.對(duì) 熱情anenthusiasticwelcome熱烈歡迎h(huán)aunted（被認(rèn)為）鬧鬼的，有鬼魂出沒(méi)的haunt”時(shí)?？M繞心頭，使困窘outspend花費(fèi)超過(guò)范圍out-前綴，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，表示“超越，超過(guò)”outnumber在數(shù)量上壓倒outgrow長(zhǎng)得比快stableadj.穩(wěn)定的；沉穩(wěn)的【常見(jiàn)表達(dá)】astablerelationship穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系stableprices穩(wěn)定的價(jià)格decline（太陽(yáng)）落下（在品格、價(jià)值上）降低；衰落，謝絕decline作名詞，表示“下降;減少;衰退;衰落”indecline/onthedecline下降語(yǔ)法和長(zhǎng)難句.NicholasRogers,inhisbookHalloween:FromPaganRitualIoPartyNight, saysthefeast_marked主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)themidpointbetweentheautumnequinox（秋分）andthefallofwinter,atimeofstock-takingandpreparations.賓語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ)（第一段第三句）【功能注釋】這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。says后接賓語(yǔ)從句。【譯文】NicholasRogers,在他的Halloween:FromPaganRitualtoPartyNigh書(shū)中說(shuō)道，這場(chǎng)盛宴意味著秋分過(guò)半，儲(chǔ)備的日子——冬天，即將來(lái)臨。Halloween'sabilitytoprovideapublicspaceforsocialdevelopmenthelditingoodposition主語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)atatimewhenotherpotentiallywildholidayswerebecomingmoreinstitutionalized時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)anddomesticated（馴服的），"arguesMr.Rogers.（第二段第二句）【功能注釋】這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞time?！咀g文】Rogers先生爭(zhēng)論道:“在其他潛力十足的節(jié)日變得更習(xí)俗化和本土化情況下，萬(wàn)圣節(jié)為社會(huì)發(fā)展提供公共空間的能力使它一直處于有利地位。”Andperhapsthat'swhyeveryonegetssoexcitedaboutHalloweeninToronto,ametropolis主系 表語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)

thatisknownasa“cityofvillages”thatisknownasa“cityofvillages”.（最后一段最后一句）定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)【功能注釋】這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句;that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句?！咀g文】也許這就是每個(gè)人都對(duì)多倫多的萬(wàn)圣節(jié)如此感興趣的原因，多倫多…個(gè)被稱為“鄉(xiāng)村之城”的大都市詞匯鞏固練習(xí)一、根據(jù)英文提示，填寫單詞正確形式［訓(xùn)練詞匯正確運(yùn)用及詞性轉(zhuǎn)換能力］China's70thbirthday（mark）withagrandceremonyattheTiananmenSquare.Swallowsbegintheir（migrate）southinautumn.Clearlythisisa （potential）dangeroussituation.Thelawshould （view）asawayofmeetingcertainsocialgoals.BobDoleseemedlessthan（enthusiasm）abouttheproposedmove.二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，完成句子［訓(xùn)練詞匯、短語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)境中的寫作應(yīng)用1It'ssaidthatthesetomatoes （追溯至U）thesouthernUkraineduringtheearly19thcentury.Thisnewseriespromisesa（盛宴）ofspecialeffectsandsetdesigns.Thememoryofthatdaystill（縈繞著）me.Theinjuredmanwasina （穩(wěn)定的）condition.Anincreaseincarshasresultedinthe （下降）ofpublictransport.答案速查:1-4CBCD詞匯鞏固練習(xí)wasmarkedmigrationpotentiallybeviewedenthusiastictraced/datebacktofeasthauntsstabledecline【背景知識(shí)】萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夜源自古代凱爾特民族（Celtic）的新年節(jié)慶，又名萬(wàn)圣夜。其英語(yǔ)名稱中的，出山0亞”源于中古英語(yǔ)的“halween"，與“holy”詞源很接近，意思是在紀(jì)念所有圣人（AllHallows）的那一天要舉行的彌撒（Mass）。歐洲傳統(tǒng)上認(rèn)為萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夜是靈異世界最接近人間的時(shí)間?，F(xiàn)在，萬(wàn)圣夜已經(jīng)變成一年中最流行和最受歡迎的節(jié)日之一，許多人都以極大的熱情來(lái)慶祝這一節(jié)日。萬(wàn)圣夜在11月1日的前一夜，其實(shí)是贊美秋天的節(jié)目。【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的由來(lái)、影響以及加拿大人慶祝萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的情況?！菊Z(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)】結(jié)構(gòu)劃分具體信息第一段萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的歷史。第二段萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的影響。第三段一第四段加拿大人慶祝萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的情況。

【試題解析】題目答詳解1C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。［定位句］...yetperhapsatleastinmyneighborhood,itseemstobemoreabouttogethernessthananygreatpassiontowearawitch'shatorstringsomenetsaroundthebush.（第一段第一句）［