中考英語閱讀理解回答問題解題技巧講解

中考英語閱讀理解回答問題解題技巧講解

-、考點(diǎn)分析

中考D篇閱讀難度偏低，但仍有許多學(xué)生在相關(guān)題型上大面積扣分，很大一部分原因是

“答非所問”。根據(jù)考綱要求，中考英語D篇閱讀分值為：1+2+2+2+2+3（12分）。想

要盡可能多得分，必須注意答題細(xì)節(jié)。

§答題的基本步驟

1.先看問題，再讀文章：把握主題，確定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍棄無關(guān)的信息，高效

省時。

2.細(xì)讀全文，認(rèn)真推敲：細(xì)心閱讀與試題有的詞匯、句子或段落，要特別留心一些信息詞。

3.復(fù)讀全文，驗證答案：在找到答案后，應(yīng)將答案帶入問題中，檢查有無矛盾，若前后不

一致或意思矛盾，則要考慮重選答案。

§注意事項

1.答題有據(jù)，避免主觀。

2.符合原文的答案=正確答案W最佳答案

3.解題有法，但無定法，貴在得法。要答好閱讀理解題，必須多讀、巧讀和善于思考。要

不斷擴(kuò)大詞匯量，拓寬閱讀面，提高閱讀速度，同時也要探索和總結(jié)適合自己方法或，實踐

出真知，多練出效益。

二、專題詳解

★回答問題SECTION解題秘籍支

1.順序原則，注意使用。

在確定前一道題的答案以后，在文中標(biāo)注出來。做下一題的時候，繼續(xù)往下找，能有效控

制答題時間，并提高正確率。

2.答題之前，圈關(guān)鍵詞（Keywords）。

I.大寫、數(shù)字、引號優(yōu)先原則

II.5Wh疑問詞必須圈劃（who,what,when,why,where,how）

例如：

1.Jakelostoneofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing,didn'the?

2.WhendidhisparentsrealizedthatJakewasmissing?

3.WhatdidJakedotoprotecthimselffromthecoldtemperatures?

4.HowdidJakegetdownthemountainthenextmorning?

5.HowlongdidittakeJakereturntosafetyafterhelosthisski?

6.WhatdoyouthinkofJake?Giveatleastonereason.

3.注意時態(tài)一致，代詞一致。

例如：（1）Jakelostoneofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing,didn'the?

（回答用一般過去時，代詞用he）

WhendidhisparentsrealizedthatJakewasmissing?

（回答用一般過去時，代詞用they）

WhatdoyouthinkofJake?Giveatleastonereason.

（回答用一般過去時，省略Ithink,代詞用he）

（2）Didmean?回答：Itmeant

4.Why提問，回答格式2種：

I.Because+句子IL.......+todo...........（這里todo表目的）

例如：

92.WhydidRedmaynesaythatthisOscarbelongedtoallofthosepeoplearoundtheworld

battlingALS?

回答：BecauseheactedasStephenHawkinginthefilmandHawkingwasdiagnosedwith

ALS.

5.Where和When提問，介詞in/on/at等不能遺漏。

例如：

91.Wherewilltheorphanbearsbesentwhentheyareoldenough?

回答：TheywillbetakentoanaturereserveinBryansk.

很多人只交代了“inBryansk",沒有提到自然保護(hù)區(qū)。所以在回答的時要確保答句盡可

能的完整。

例如：

WhendidhisparentsrealizedthatJakewasmissing?

回答：Whentheygottothefootofthemountain.

注意：詢問時間和地點(diǎn)，答案有時候可能是時間/地點(diǎn)狀語從句。

6.How提問,用Bydoing…來回答

例如：

HowdidJakegetdownthemountainthenextmorning?

回答：Byfollowingsomeskitracks.

也可以使用完整句式回答：Hefollowedsomeskitracks./Hefoundsomeskitracksand

followedthose.

7.反義和選擇疑問句策略：圈劃關(guān)鍵定位詞

I反義疑問句:

★如知道：Yes,theydo.★如不知：No,theydon^.只有這兩種回答方式?。。?/p>

例如：

Jakelostoneofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing,didn'the?

回答：Yes,hedid.

如果變換一下題目>改為：Jakedidn'tloseoneofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing,

didhe?

答案依舊是：Yes,hedid.

II選擇疑問句：

例如：

Doesagooddetectiveneedmuchknowledgeoragoodassistant?

四種回答方式：IAgooddetectiveneeds

Both/neither/muchknowledge/agoodassistant.

8.開放問題，積極向上

規(guī)律：一般而言直接找一個積極向上的形容詞回答，避免用good。

I.Whatdoyouthinkof...?

回答格式：Ithink(that)itis/theyare+adj.

可以是helpful,useful,wonderful,amazing,fantastic等一些正方向評價詞

注意：有時也有負(fù)方向評價詞：比如：你對于sandstorm的看法？

可以是Ithinkitisserious/terrible/awful/dangerous.

II.WhatcanyoulearnfromPaul'sstory?

回答格式：IcanlearnfromPaul'sstorythat+句子

in.兩個問題務(wù)必分兩句回答

例如：Doyouthinktheproblemofclimatechangeisserious?Whatshouldyoudo?

回答格式：Yes,Ido.Ishouldplantmoretrees.

IV.給文章取名字

例如:Whatmightbethetitleofthispassage?（InnomorethanTENwords）

回答：InternetAddiction./LearntocontrolInternetuse.

9.真題講解：

TeenagerJakeDenhamwasskiingwithhisfamilyintheUSAwhenhefelloverandlostoneof

hisskis（滑雪板）?Hisfamilydidn'tknowthathehadaproblem.Theykeptonskiing.Whenthey

gottothefoolofthemountain、［herewasnosignofJake,whichmadethemveryworried.

Jakecouldn'tfindhisskianywhere.Intheend,hedecidedtotakeoffhisotherskiandwalk

downthemountain.Buthecouldn'tworkouttherightwaytogo.

Itwasnowgettingdarkandhewasalongwayfromanyplaceofsafety.Heknewthathemight

diethatnightinthecoldtemperatures.ButJakekeptcalm.Athome,JakewatchedalotofTV

programmesaboutlivingindifficultsituations.Herememberedthetipsfromtheseprogrammes

andknewthatheshouldbuildaholeinthesnow.Hemadeaholeandpointeditupthehillsoth。

windcouldn'tblowintoit.Outsidehishole,thetemperaturedroppedtoadangerous-15℃that

night,butinsideitJakewassafefromthecold.

Buthehadtogetdownthemountain.TheTVprogrammesalwayssaid,“Ifyouarelost,you

shouldfindsomeoneelse'stracks（足跡）throughthesnowandfollowthem.^^“Iwantedtolivemy

remembersJake."SoIgotupandfoundsomeskitracksandIfollowedthose."Hewalked

andwalkedandfinallyhesawlights.Ninehoursafterhelosthisski,hefoundateamofworkers

whocametosavehim.Hewassafe!

Hismumwasveryhappywhensheheardthenews.Amazingly,Jakedidn'tevenhavetogoto

hospital.Hegotthroughtheterribleexperiencewithoutanyinjury.

88.Jakelostoneofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing,didn'the?

89.WhendidhisparentsrealizedthatJakewasmissing?

90.WhatdidJakedotoprotecthimselffromthecoldtemperatures?

91.HowdidJakegetdownthemountainthenextmorning?

92.HowlongdidittakeJakereturntosafetyafterhelosthisski?

93.WhatdoyouthinkofJake?Giveatleastonereason.

文中劃線部分為88-92題對應(yīng)習(xí)題的答案出處，分析一下易錯點(diǎn)：

1.88題為“反義疑問句”，分值1分。句式“前肯后否”,可當(dāng)作一般疑問句(DidJakelostone

ofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing?)回答,大部分學(xué)生都能答出Yes,hedid.

難度升級，可將原題變?yōu)镴akedidn'tloseoneofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing,didhe?

注意：反義疑問句根據(jù)“事實”回答，與提問方式無關(guān)，所以答案依舊是Yes,hedid.

2.89題為“特殊疑問句，詢問時間Z分值2分。從原文能看出回答應(yīng)用時間狀語從句“連接

詞+從句，學(xué)生習(xí)慣于“帶著問題找答案”，所以會去原文查找“Jakewasmissing"，錯過了答

案。閱讀理解是在理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行作答，所以一般不會直接找到答案，而是通過“同義句”

的方式給答案蒙上面紗。

“therewasnosignofJake,whichmadethemveryworried'』"Jakewasmissing”,所以答案是

Whentheygottothefootofthemountain.

3.90題為“特殊疑問句，詢問行為措施”，分值2分。同樣，原文中找不到“protecthimselffrom

thecoldtemperatures”，理解文章得知Jake平時看的電視節(jié)目有教會他一些防寒措施：做-

個冰屋。繼續(xù)往后文多讀幾行,很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)答案Hemadeaholeinthesnowandpointeditup

thehill.

4.91題為“特殊疑問句，詢問方式”，分值2分。原文是“SoIgotupandfoundsomeskitracksand

Ifollowedthose"，回答的時候要注意人稱變化，所以答案是Hefoundsomeskitracksand

followedthose.或者使用簡略回答B(yǎng)yfollowingsometracks.

5.92題為“特殊疑問句，詢問多久”，分值2分。答案很容易在原文中找到，簡略回答用Nine

hours.用完整的句式回答，注意謂語動詞用一般過去時Ittookhimninehourstoreturntosafety.

6.93題為“特殊疑問句，開放性回答、分值3分。描述Jake的品格特征，根據(jù)文意可以選

擇積極向上的正面形容詞，如clever,smart,intelligent,calm,brave等，但必須給出相應(yīng)的理

由o參考答案BecausehecouldusewhathelearnedonTVinemergency.或Becausehestill

succeededinsolvingtheproblemalthoughhefacedadifficultsituation.

練習(xí)

D篇閱讀，根據(jù)不同文體分類訓(xùn)練：

故事類

Itwas3:21a.m.whenten-year-oldGlennCreamerwaswokenupbythesmellofburning.

Exceptforthecracking（爆裂聲）offlamessomewherebelow,therewasnotasoundinthe

two-floorhouse.Butherealizedatoncewhatwashappening.

Ashisfatherwasawayonnightdutyatalocalfactory,Glennwasworriedaboutthesafetyof

hisother,his14-year-oldsisterKarenandhis12-year-oldbrotherTodd.Herandownstairs

throughthesmoke-filledhousetopushandpullatKarenandTodduntiltheysatup.Thenhe

helpedthemthroughthesafetyofthegarden.There,hissisterandbrother,takingshortandquick

breathsandcoughing,couldn,tmoveanymore.

Theten-year-oldracedbackintothehouseandupstairsintohismother\room.Hefoundit

impossibletowakeherupandtherewasnobodytohelpGlenncarryhertothegarden.Butthe

boykeptcalm.Asafiremansaidlater,“Heactedwithalltheself-controlofatrainedadult.^^

Onthebedroomtelephone,luckilystillworking,Glenncalledhisfather.AfterGlennmadesure

hisfatherwouldtelephonethefiremenandambulanceservice,hegotonwiththetaskofsaving

hismother.

Firsthefilledabucketwithwaterfromthebathroomandthrewwateroverhismotherandher

bed.Inthisway,shewouldbekeptawayfromthefirebeforethefiremenarrived.Then,witha

wetclotharoundhisheadhewentbacktothegarden.

Hecouldhearthefireenginecomingup,buthowwouldthefiremenfindhismotherinthe

smoke-filledhousewherefirehadalmostcoveredthegroundfloor?

Fetchingaballofstring（繩）fromthegarage,Glennracedbackintothehouseandrushed

upstairstohismother'sroom.Hetiedoneendofthestringtoherhand.Thenhebegantorunback.

Helaidoutthestringashewentthroughthehallandbackoutintothegarden.

MinuteslaterhewastellingfireChiefJohnCoughlan,“Thestring

Mrs.Creamerwascarriedtosafetyastheflameswere

breakingthroughherbedroomfloor.

88.DidGlennrealizetherewasafirewhenhewokeup?

89.WherewereKarenandToddwhenGlenntriedtosavetheirmother?

90.Whotelephonedthefiremenandambulanceservice?

91.HowdidGlennhelphismotherstaysafebeforethefiremenarrived?

92.WhydidGlennthinkitwouldbedifficultforthefirementofindhismother?

93.Completethesentenceinthelastparagraphaccordingtothecontext(上下文)?

人物傳記類

LaurenSingerhasproducedalmostnowasteinthepasttwoyears,providingthatarubbish-free

lifestylepossible.

LaurenstudiedenvironmentalscienceatNYU(NewYorkUniversity),anditwasduringher

studentyearsthatshebeganworkingtowards“zero-waste“goals.Todayshehaslearnedtomake

allofherowneverydayeco-friendlyproducts,suchastoothpaste,shampookitchencleanerandso

on.Shealsosetupherowncompany“TheSimplyCo”,throughwhichshesellsherhomemade

products.

Laurenregularlywritesaboutherexperiencesofazerowastelifeonherblog.Laurenadmits

thatthepasttwoyearshaven?tbeeneasy."Istoppedbuyingpackagedproductsandbegan

bringingmyownbagsandjarstofillwithproductsatthesupermarket,9,sheexplained.

“Istoppedbuyingnewclothesandstoppedforonlysecond-handthings.Isaidnotothingslike

straws(吸管)inmydrinksatbars,toplasticorpaperatstores.^^

Eventhoughthejourneyhasbeenhard,Lauren'szero-wastelifehasbeenwellworththeeffort.

Laurensaysthatshenowsavesalotofmoneybecausesheispreparedwhenshegoesshopping

anddoesnotbuythingsthatshewon'tuseatall.Shealsoeatshealthyfoodbecauseshebuysfresh

organicfruitsandvegetablesinsteadofpackagedfoods.

The23-year-oldgirlhasbecomearolemodeltomany.She'sgivingtalksinschoolsand

colleges,andalsohavingmoreandmoreinterviewsaboutherzero-wastelifestyleonTVandthe

radioworldwide.

88.Lauriehaslivedarubbishfreelifefortwoyearssofar,hasn'tshe?

89.WhendidLaurenbeginworkingtowardsa“zero-waste"goal?

90.WhatkindofthingshasLaurenlearnedtomakebyherself?

91.HowwasLauren'szerowastelifeinthepasttwoyears?

92.WhatdidLaurendoinordertoreacha"zerowaste"goal?(Listatleasttwothings)

93.WhatdoyouthinkmakesLaurendecidetolivealifelikethat?Andwhydoeshersuccess

causesomuchattention?

名詞介紹類

Antarctica（南極洲）isthefifth-largestcontinentonEarth.Itisalsothecoldest,windiest,driest

andhighestcontinent.Itisanice-coveredplacewherenolargeplantsgrow,andnolandanimals

livethere.

Antarcticacoversanareaofmorethan13.6millionsquarekilometres.Itisnearlytwicethesize

ofAustralia,orone-and-a-halftimesthesizeoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

Antarcticadoesnotbelongtoonecountry,andithasnogovernment.PeoplevisitAntarctica---

usuallyastourists,ortodoscientificresearch---butnoonelivesthereallthetime.

Antarcticawasthelastcontinenttobediscovered.ItisnotcertainwhofirstsawAntarctica,but

sailorsbegantomapAntarctica'scoastfromtheirshipsinthe1800s.Thefirstconfirmed（證實）

landingwasinthemid-1890s.

Overthenextfewyears,severalmentriedbutfailedtoreachtheSouthPolein1911.Bythen,

countriesaroundtheworldwerebecomingmoreandmoreinterestedinthefrozencontinent,and

soonseveralnations:Argentina,Australia,Chile,France,NewZealand,NorwayandtheUnited

Kingdom,hadlaidclaimtopartsofAntarctica.

AssomanynationshadmadeaclaimtoterritoryinAntarctica,itwasclearthatfightingmight

breakout.Diplomats（外交官）fromdifferentcountrieswantedtostopawarfromstarting,sothey

begantalkingaboutatreatyforAntarctica.Atreatyisawrittenagreementsignedbytwoormore

nations.

SeveralcountrieshadalreadysetupresearchstationsinAntarcticawherescientistscouldlive

andwork.Mostscientistsworkedduringthesummermonthswhenitwasnotascoldasinwinter.

Scientistshopedatreatywouldallowthemtocontinuetheirworkandtoexchangeinformation

withscientistsfromothercountries.

88.AntarcticaisthelargestcontinentonEarth,isn'tit?

89.HowbigisAntarctica?

90.WhofirstsawAntarctica?

91.HowmanynationshadlaidclaimtopartsofAntarctica?

92.WhydiddiplomatsfromdifferentcountriesbegintalkingaboutatreatyforAntarctica?

93.WouldyouliketoworkinAntarcticainthefuture?Why?（Give2—3reasons）

強(qiáng)化練習(xí)

（-）

Aboyhasbeeninjuredinatrafficaccident.Hislegisbadlydamaged.IntheemergencyRoom

ofShanghaiNo.6People'sHospital,thedoctorsworksohardtosavetheleg.Theboycriesoutin

pain.Thereisbloodonthebedandontheglovedhandsofthedoctors.Theroomisfulloftension.

Intheend,thedoctorsmanagetosavetheyoungboy'sleg.Thisisreallife,realdrama

and.......realTV!

SinceitsfirstshowlastDecember,ThestoryinER（急診室故事）hasbecomepopularwith

audienceandpointedtoanewdirectioninrealityTV.Wehavealreadygotusedrealityshows

suchasTheVoiceofChina（中國好聲音）andDad,WhereAreWeGoing（爸爸去哪兒）.These

showsonlywanttoamusepeople.Audiencemaythinktheminterestingandfunnywhilewatching.

ButThestoryinERtakesusdeeperintothelivesofothers.

RealityTVhaditsbegginginEuropeintheearly1990s.Sincethen,hundredsofrealityshows

haveappearedaroundtheglobe——thereare176onBritishtelevision,alone!Theseshowsarenot

realdocumentaries（2己錄片），butfocusonpersonaldramasanddifficultiescontrolledbythe

producerstocatchmorepeople'seyes.

ThestoryinER,however,isreallyreal-realpain,realsuffering,andrealsituations.Noneed

fbrcontrollinghere!Someaudiencemayfeeluncomfortable,butwecan'thelpwatching,because

it'shumannaturetobeattractedbytheupsanddownsofthelivesofotherhumanbeings.Also,

welearnthingsbywatchingothers.TheStoryinERgivesusachancetogobehindthescenesand

seehowhospitalsworkandhowhardthemedicalstaffwork.Itallowsustoimaginehowwe

mightreactinsimilarstressfulsituations.Italsoletsusappreciatehowluckyweare.

88.Dothedoctorssavetheboy'slegsuccessfullyinTheStoryinER?

89.HowdoaudiencelikeDad,wherearewegoingaccordingtothepassage?

90.Wheredidrealityshowsstart?

91.Whomakesrealityshowsmoreattractiveaccordingtothewriter?

92.WhydoesTheStoryinERneednocontrolling?

93.IsTheStoryinERagoodchoiceforaTVstation?Giveyourreason.

（二）

I,Robot2:humansvs.robots!

HereisapieceofgoodnewsforI,Robotfans:Robot2maysoonmeetthepublic!

I,Robot,thesciencefictionactionfilmreleasedin2004,wassuchahotmoviethatitgrossed

（收入總計）$347millionforaworldwidetotal.

Thestoryisbetweenhumansandrobots.In2035,robotsservehumansunderthreelaws:

1.Arobotmaynotinjureahumanbeing;

2.Arobotmustobeyordersgivenbyhumanbeings.

3.Arobotmustprotectitselfaslongassuchprotectiondoesnotconflictwiththefirstor

secondlaw.

However,withthedevelopmentoftechnology,therobotsstarttohavetheirownthinking.

Insteadofobeyingtheordersastheyareprogrammed,theywanttoprotectthemselvesandrule

humanbeings.Abattlebetweenhumansandrobotsisinevitable（不可避免的）.

Doyoubelievethatonedaycomputersmaybeclevererthanhumanbrains?Areyouafraidthat

robotsinventedbyhumanscansurpasshumansandconquertheworld?Let'sfindtheanswersinI,

Robot2.

88.WhatkindoffilmisI,Robot?

89.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?

90.Howdorobotsservehumans?

91.Inwhatcasemustrobotsprotectthemselves?

92.Whathappenstotherobotswiththedevelopmentofthetechnology?

93.AreyoulookingforwardtoseeingthefilmI,Robot2?Why?

（三）

WhichChinesecitydoyouthinkpeopleliveaveryhappylife?Well,Chengduisatthetopof

2015rankings（排名）fbrChina'sHappiestCitiesreleasedbyXinhuaNewsAgencyandtheChina

AssociationofMayors.ThisisthesecondyearinarowthatthecapitalcityofSichuanischosen.

SowhathasmadeChengdusuchahappyplacetolive?AsPeople'sDailysaid,“Partofthe

reasonistheleisurelyandslow-paced（慢節(jié)奏的）lifestylethatmanypeopleinChengdulive.^^

TofindthepleasuresofChengdulifestyle,thefirstthingyoushouldtryisthefood.Chengdu

cookingstyleisfamousfortheuseofSichuanesepeppercorn（花椒）andhotchillies（辣椒）.

“NothingismoreimportanttoChengdupeoplethanfood,^^saidDuLi,aprofessorattheSichuan

HigherInstituteofCuisine."Theylovetofindsmallrestaurantsinout-of-the-wayplacesthat

havegreattastes."Therearearound40,000restaurantsinChengdu,thehighestdensity（密度）of

restaurantsofanycityintheworld.

AnotherimportantpartofChengdulifeistheteahouses.Foundeverywhereinthecity,the

teahousesaremuchmorethanjustaplacetodrinktea.Teahousesareplacestodobusiness,meet

withfriends,showoffpetbirds,listentoChuanju（Sichuanopera）,andmostimportantly,play

mahjong（麻將）.Asalocalsayinggoes,“Ifyoucannotfindsomeone,heorsheisplaying

mahjong,orontheirwaytoplaymahjong.,,

88.HowmanytimeshasChengdubeenatthetopoftherankingsforChina'sHappiestCities?

89.WhatarethepleasuresoftheChengdulifestyle?

90.HowdopeoplemaketheirdishesmorefamousandspecialinChengdu?

91.WhatkindofrestaurantattractsChengdupeoplemost?

92.Peoplegototheteahousesfoundeverywhereinthecityonlyforenjoyingtea,don'tthey?

93.WhyisChengduchosentobeaChina'shappiestcityagain?Whatothernecessaryfactors（要

素）doyouthinkahappiestcityhas?

參考答案

真題答案

88.Yes,hedid.

89.Whentheygottothefootofthemountain.

90.Hebuiltaholeinthesnow./Hemadeaholeinthesnowandpointeditupthehill.

91.Byfollowingsomeskitracks./Hefollowedsomeskitracks./Hefoundsomeski

tracksandfollowedthose.

92.Ittookhimninehourstoreturntosafety./Ninehours.

93.Hewasclever/smart/intelligentbecausehecouldusewhathelearnedonTVin

emergency./Hewascalm/bravebecausehestillsucceededinsolvingtheproblem

althoughhefacedadifficultsituation.

練習(xí)答案

88.Yes,(hedid).

89.Inthegarden.

90.Glenn9sfather/Mr.Creamer.

91.(Hehelpedhismotherstaysafeby)throwingwateroverherandherbed.

92.Becausethehousewasfilledwithsmoke.

93.(Thestring)willleadyoutomother/canhelpyoufindmother.

88.Yes,shehas.

89.WhenshestudiedatNYU./WhenshewasastudentatNYU./Itwasduringher

studentyearsthatshebeganworkingtowardsa“zero-waste"goal.

90.Shehaslearnedtomakeallofherowneverydayeco-friendlyproducts,(suchas

toothpaste,shampoo,kitchencleanerandsoon.)

91.Itwasdifficult./Itwasn'teasy.

92.Shehaslearnedtomakeallofherowneverydayeco-friendlyproducts,suchas

toothpaste,shampoo,kitchencleanerandsoon.

Shestopped