2018年6月英語六級真題及答案

2018年6月大學英語六級(CET-6)真題試卷

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDue

AttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese.Youshouldwriteatleast120

wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.近年來在學生中出現(xiàn)了忽視中文學習的現(xiàn)象；

2.出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因和后果；

3.我認為…

注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上。

DueAttentionShouldBeGiventotheStudyofChinese

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions

onAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),

B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthe

passage.

Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans

AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburden

liftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.

"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityin

Nashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherI

reallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit's

likeabarrierhasbeenletdown."

White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerful

rolemodelforAfricanAmericans.Somehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhite

Americans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimare

verycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshby

PlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."

Stinginthetail

AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypotheses

aboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischanging

people'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailofthe

Obamaeffect.

1/33

Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewas

makinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisingly

immediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.

TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroup

consistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.At

twoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetween

thescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.

WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.Thosewho

hadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,on

average,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.

Dramaticshift

Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceand

weretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthe

subjectswith"stereotypethreat"–ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhas

beenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.

Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedby

hisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.

Lingeringracism

IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheir同胞white)?compatriots(

Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic有魅力的)(blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?

Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicit

bias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegative

words—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehow

quicklysubjectsassociatestereotypical—suchtraitsasathleticskillsormental—withabilityaparticular

group.

InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229

studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%

comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.

Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththe

lowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas

"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.

Dropinbias

BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicit

biasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary

2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthat

changewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.

Talkinghonestly

"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronat

StanfordUniversityinCalifornia."Ourresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelyto

raisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalk

morehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.

Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObama

effectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswereless

readytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforethe

2/33

election.Hugeobstacles

Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberof

blackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances.

"BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient(出色的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelarger

picture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityof

WashingtoninSeattle.Thosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleof

theinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.

ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracial

inequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."

ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelin

anycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillary

ClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthavea

downsideforotherwomen.

Beyondrace

Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Political

sentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularity

slumps?

AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystop

consideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseem

liketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthat

psychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隱伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeople

preservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."Thatcouldturnouttobethe

cruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。

1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?

A)Excited.B)Victorious.C)Anxious.D)Relieved.

2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether_____.

A)shecouldobtainherMBAdegree

B)shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife

C)shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers

D)shewasreallyanachieverasastudent

3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?

A)RacistsentimentsinAmerica.

B)Thepowerofrolemodels.

C)Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.

D)ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.

4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat______.

A)blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection

B)whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged

C)Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks

D)Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests

5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?

A)Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.

B)Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.

3/33

C)Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.

D)Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.

6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat______.

A)morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies

B)relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain

C)peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality

D)whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans

7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat______.

A)Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential

B)Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence

C)racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety

D)blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation

8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeena

negativeeffecton______.

9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's______.

10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherand

continuetoholdontotheiroldracial______.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.At