時(shí)間和原因狀語(yǔ)從句

AdverbialClausesofTimeUnit4Grammar(1)第一頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：when,while,as,before,after,till,until,since,assoonas,themoment,immediately,everytime,nexttime,thefirsttime,once等。第二頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。

when,while,as表“當(dāng)...時(shí)”的異同

：

相同點(diǎn): 當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，三者常 可互換i.e.

When/While/Aswewerestilllaughing,theteachercamein.

不同點(diǎn): 1)when既表“時(shí)間段”又表“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”(=duringor atthetimethat),從句中動(dòng)詞既可是終止性的， 也可是持續(xù)性的，還可表“正在這時(shí)”i.e.(1).WhenIarrivedthere,theywerewatching TV.

(2).

WhenIwasyoung,Ilikedsingingand dancing.

第三頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。2)while只表“時(shí)間段”(=duringthetimethat),從句中動(dòng)詞只限于持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它有時(shí)含對(duì)照之意，表“然”而i.e. (1)Hefellasleepwhilehewasstudyinghisgrammarbook.

3)as用法與when相似，但它側(cè)重動(dòng)作的同時(shí)性，表“一邊...一邊...”，還表“隨著”i.e. (1)Theytalkedastheywalked. (2)Astimegoesby,wegetwiser.第四頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。1.when---正在…的時(shí)候，突然…

IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenImethim.Oneevening,littleHanswassittingnearthefirewhen

heheardaloudknockatthedoor.Iwasabouttofallasleepwhen

mysistercamein.Hehadjustgotbackhomewhen

thetelephonerang.我正準(zhǔn)備告訴他那個(gè)秘密，這時(shí)有人拍了拍我的肩膀。Iwasabouttotellhimthesecretwhensomeonepattedmeontheshoulder.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.第五頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。1.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden______itwasthebesttimeforit.

A.whereB.whenC.that D.until2.---DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?---Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock____hearrivedhome.

A.beforeB.whenC.that D.until3.Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal______afamiliarvoicecametohisears.

A.why B.whereC.whenD.while第六頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。1)ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,______thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.

A.since B.whenC.as D.while2)______Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.

A.While B.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless2.連接詞while的用法小結(jié)

1)while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比。如：Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2)while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對(duì)比。3)while可表示盡管，相當(dāng)于although。

第七頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。While

IwaswaitingforTom,threebuseswentby.Idoeverysinglebitofhousework,whilemyhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.While

modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetinto,thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand.

第八頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。when/whiledoing:1)When/WhileIwaslookingthroughthepaper,InoticedafewgrammaticalmistakesWhen/Whilelookingthroughthepaper,Inoticedafewgrammaticalmistakes.2)Whilehewaswanderingthroughthesquare,hecaughtsightofasnake-charmerWhilewanderingthroughthesquare,hecaughtsightofasnake-charmerwhen/whiledoneWhenweweretakenroundthecity,wewereimpressedbythecity'snewlook.Whentakenroundthecity,wewereimpressedbythecity'snewlook.第九頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。3.not…until---直到……才Hedidn’tgetoffthebusuntilitstopped.Notuntilthebusstoppeddidhegetoffit.Itwasnotuntilthebusstoppedthathegotoffit.直到被送入手術(shù)間時(shí)，他才明白遵守交通規(guī)則的重要性。Hedidn'trealizetheimportanceofobservingthetrafficregulationsuntilhewassentintotheoperatingroom.第十頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。1.---Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?---Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim___hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.A.after B.unlessC.until D.when2.Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdlisteners’curiosity___hereachestheendofthestory.A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until3.Itwasnot___shetookoffherdarkglasses___Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;that C.until;when D.when;then第十一頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。小結(jié)：till,until和not…until：1.until/till引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用于肯定句時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到until/till所表示的時(shí)間，意為“某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某時(shí)間點(diǎn)才停止”。如：

Wewaiteduntilhecame.

2．用于否定句時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，從句為肯定，意為“某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開始”。如：

Theboywon’tgotobedtill/untilhismumreturns.3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：

UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4．not…until句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝說(shuō)法：

ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.第十二頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。4.before---在……之前HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim.現(xiàn)在就做，免得你忘記了。Doitnowbeforeyouforgetit.幾個(gè)星期過去了我才意識(shí)到那幅畫丟了。SeveralweekshadgonebybeforeIrealizedthepaintingwasmissing.ItwasnotlongbeforeIforgotitall.五年后我們才會(huì)再見面呢。Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.我們將作進(jìn)一步的討論，然后再作出最終的結(jié)論。Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedraw/makeafinalconclusion.第十三頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。1.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation___itgotworse.

A.until B.whenC.beforeD.as2.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.

A.since B.after C.beforeD.when3.---Whydidn’tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?---Herushedoutoftheroom___Icouldsayaword.

A.beforeB.until C.when D.after4.Itisalmostfiveyears___wesaweachotherlasttime.

A.beforeB.sinceC.after D.because

第十四頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。連接詞before的小結(jié)：Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.Before從句中謂語(yǔ)不用否定式。如：Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.1)句型Itwillbe/was＋段時(shí)間＋before…“還要過多久才…”

Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2)句型Itwillbe/wasnot＋段時(shí)間＋before…“不多久就…”Itwasn’ttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.3)句型Itis＋段時(shí)間＋since…時(shí)間的計(jì)算一律從since從句的動(dòng)作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起。Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinthearmy.Itisthreeyearssinceshejoinedthearmy.第十五頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。1)Applyitafterwettingyourhairwithwarmwater.Youapplyitafteryouwetyourhairwithwarmwater2)Aftershampooing,squeezeouttheextrawaterandapplyconditioner.Afteryoushampoo,yousqueezeouttheextrawaterandapplyconditioner3)Afterwashingouttheshampoo,applytheconditionerandcombitintoyourhair...Afteryouwashouttheshampoo,youapplytheconditionerandcombitintoyourhair...4)Beforetheywereshownaroundit,thevisitorswatchedavideoaboutthemuseum.Beforebeingshownaroundit,thevisitorswatchedavideoaboutthemuseum.before/afterdoing/beingdone第十六頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。5.since---自從……,通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Thecaptainhastraveledalmosteverywhereintheworldsincehebecameapilot.Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.---HaveyouknownMr.Smithforalongtime?---Yes,sincehe____ourBadmintonClub.A.hasjoinedB.joinsC.hadjoinedD.joined第十七頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。Ihaveknownhimeversincehewasaboy.Hehadworkedheresincehehadgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Itis(hasbeen)twoyearssince hecamehere.Itwas(hadbeen)twoyearssincehehadcomehere.第十八頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。6.nosooner…than---一……就……Hehadnosoonerfallenasleepthanheheardaknockonthedoor.(nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒裝)Nosoonerhadhefallenasleepthanheheardaknockonthedoor.Hardly…when…Scarcely…when…他剛離開家，天就開始下雨了。(Hardly)Hardlyhadhelefthomewhenitbegantorain.第十九頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。7.assoonas---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.一些詞，如themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于assoonas的意思。Ididn’twaitamoment,butcameimmediatelyyoucalled.第二十頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。一些含有time的名詞短語(yǔ)，如everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime,thefirsttime等，以及theday,theyear,themorning等，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Thedayhereturnedhome,hisfatherwasalreadydead.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.8.Thefirsttime等Ithoughtherniceandhonest____Imether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime

第二十一頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。Unit4Grammar(2)AdverbialClausesofReason第二十二頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。原因狀語(yǔ)從句because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat這六個(gè)連詞都用于表示表示原因,但在語(yǔ)氣上一個(gè)比一個(gè)弱.第二十三頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。IcamebacklateyesterdaybecauseIwasonduty.Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.As

hedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.Hemustbeill,forheisabsentfromthemeeting.第二十四頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。1.由于準(zhǔn)備充分，他在面試中一點(diǎn)也不緊張。(not…atall)Becausehewaswell-prepared,hedidn’tfeelnervousatallduringtheinterview.2.____you'vegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas

3.____everybodyknowsaboutit,Idon'twanttotalkaboutitanymore.A.ForB.EvenC.SinceD.However4.Didhecome____hewantedhelp?A.sinceB.asC.becauseD.nowthat第二十五頁(yè)，共二十九頁(yè)。1.Itwas____itwastooexpensivethatIdidn’tbuyit.A.sinceB.asC.becauseD.nowthat2.Hegotthehighestmarksinthefinalexam.Itwasall____hehadworkedveryhard.A.whyB.that