實(shí)用小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全

最新實(shí)用(shíyòng)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全第一頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。1一、名詞〔可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞〕二、人稱代詞(dàicí)三、冠詞四、動(dòng)詞五、介詞六、數(shù)詞七、形容詞和副詞八、therebe結(jié)構(gòu)九、句式1.肯定句2.否認(rèn)句3.疑問(wèn)句4.祈使句十、時(shí)態(tài)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)時(shí)4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)十一、“wh〞的特殊疑問(wèn)句第二頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。2一、名詞(míngcí)名詞具體名詞抽象名詞普通名詞專有名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第三頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。3英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中，名詞有兩種數(shù)的形式：1〕單數(shù)〔表示一個(gè)人或事物〕；2〕復(fù)數(shù)(fùshù)〔表示多于一個(gè)的人或數(shù)〕。只有可數(shù)名詞才有復(fù)數(shù)(fùshù)形式。名詞(míngcí)的數(shù)：第四頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。4名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式(xíngshì)的構(gòu)成形式變化規(guī)則發(fā)音例詞一般情況+s1.清輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后[s]2.濁輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后[z]；3.元音結(jié)尾的名詞后[z];books,cups,catsdogs,birds,armsdays,players以-s,-sh,-ch,-x,-z結(jié)尾的名詞+es[iz]bus,brush,boxes,watch,大多數(shù)以-o結(jié)尾的名詞+es[z]tomatoes,potatoes以元音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞+s[z]radios,pianos以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞把y改成i再加es[z]stories,families,babies以f和fe結(jié)尾的大多數(shù)名詞把f或fe改成v再加es[z]thieves,knives第五頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。5由元音字母(zìmǔ)的變化構(gòu)成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)的形式一樣：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是fishes)有些名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加-en:child-children,ox-oxen不規(guī)那么(nàme)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)第六頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。6Practisepeach_________ 2.zoo_________3.glass_________ 4.fox_______5.lady_________ 6.policewoman_________7.house___________ 8.photo_________9.monkey__________ 10.wife__________11.rose____________ 12.path__________13.judge___________ 14.map___________peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps第七頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。7二、人稱(rénchēng)代詞主格： I we you she he it they賓格(bīnɡé)： me us you her him itthem形容詞性物主代詞： my our your her his its their名詞性物主代詞：mine ours yours hers his its theirs第一人稱(dìyīrénchēnɡ)第二人稱第三人稱后跟名詞能夠在句子中獨(dú)立作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)第八頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。8Practise_______(他)ismybrother.2.Ihadaletterfrom__________(她).3.It’sallright;it’sonly_________(我).4.Today________(我們(wǒmen))wentin_________(我們(wǒmen)的)car;tomorrow________(我們(wǒmen))aregoingin_________(他們的).5.________(我)lend_________(我的)booksgladlyto_______(我的)friendsandto________(你的).6.Canyouhelp_________(我)with________(我的)English.7.When________(你)gotosee_________(你的)father,pleasetakethesebooksto________(他).8.________(他們)found_______(它)difficulttolearnGerman.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit第九頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。9所有格所有格的形式單數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加’s child-child’s以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加’s waitress-waitress’s不規(guī)那么(nàme)的復(fù)數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加’s children-children’s以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)人稱名詞末尾加’ girls-girls’以-s結(jié)尾的一些人名末尾加’s James-James’s以下情況一般用“of〞結(jié)構(gòu)：東西(沒(méi)有(méiyǒu)現(xiàn)成的復(fù)合名詞時(shí)):thebookofthefilm2.東西的一局部:thebottomofthebox3.抽象的概念:thepriceofsuccess4.當(dāng)of短語(yǔ)中的名詞被另一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或從句修飾時(shí)：Can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?雙重(shuāngchóng)第十頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。10’s結(jié)構(gòu)也可以用于“of〞結(jié)構(gòu)之后，如：afriendofmyfather’s,出現(xiàn)(chūxiàn)這種情況是因?yàn)樵谝粋€(gè)名詞前通常只用一個(gè)限定詞，又如：thissonofmine,afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。Isn’tFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTom’shastoldmethesameJokefivetimes.第十一頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。11冠詞不定冠詞a,an定冠詞the只能用于單數(shù)(dānshù)可數(shù)名詞之前單數(shù)(dānshù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞零冠詞名詞(míngcí)前可不用冠詞第十二頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。12不定冠詞的用法：表示“一〞，“任何(rènhé)一個(gè)〞或“不管哪一個(gè)〞的意思。Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在單數(shù)的表語(yǔ)名詞前，以表示職業(yè)、行業(yè)、宗教、等級(jí)等。Georgewantstobeanengineer.4.在以what引導(dǎo)的感慨句中，單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前。Whataprettygirl!5.一些常用短語(yǔ)中。haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadache….第十三頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。13定冠詞的用法：用來(lái)表示(biǎoshì)“獨(dú)一無(wú)二〞的意思。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.表示(biǎoshì)“說(shuō)話的人剛剛提到過(guò)的人或事物〞。Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介詞短語(yǔ)的名詞前。theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril4.用在泛指的樂(lè)器名詞前。Heplaysthepiano.5.一些常用短語(yǔ)。bytheway,inthemorning,What’sthematter?第十四頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。14零冠詞的用法：泛指的抽象名詞前。Lifeisveryhardforsomepeople.2.泛指的物質(zhì)名詞前。Waterisveryuseful.3.泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。Booksaremybestfriends.4.泛指的“餐〞名前。Cometohavedinner/breakfastwithme.5.大多數(shù)的專有名詞前。HecomesfromFrance.6.語(yǔ)言的名詞前。ShecanspeakFrench.7.在季節(jié)和節(jié)日(jiérì)的名詞前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.8.當(dāng)名詞前已有一些代詞修飾時(shí)。Mybrotherisasoldier.9.在體育工程的名詞前。playbasketball10.一些常用短語(yǔ)。athome,gotoschool,atnight第十五頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。151.Thereis_____notebookonmydesk.Iuse_____notebooktokeepadiary.2.Thereis______bottleonthetable._____waterinitissweet.3.Wang'smotheris______Englishteacher.Sheteachesin_____primaryschool.4.Chinais______ancientcountrywith_____longhistory.5.Chinahas_____populationof12hundredmillion._____Chinesepeopleare_____greatpeople.6.Hermotheris_____universityteacher.Sheis_____honestwoman.7.Noneof_____booksshouldbetakenoutof_____roomwithout_____permissionof_____librarian.8._____Partyalwaysteachesustoworkfor_____peopleheartandsoul.9.Shestudiesat____No.3MiddleSchool.Shegoesto____schoolby____buseveryday.10.Myeldersisteris_____studentof_____English.Shestudiesat_____college.11.______Mondaybefore_____SpringFestivalwasverycold.12.Haveyouhad______dinner?PractiseatheaTheantheanatheThe/aanthethethe/The/////aaThe//第十六頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。16四、動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)動(dòng)詞主要表示動(dòng)作，其次表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)(yǔtài)、語(yǔ)氣等形式的變化。小學(xué)階段所涉及的動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)主要有：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)、be動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)can等。第十七頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。17Be動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)am,is,arewas,werebeen第十八頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。18Practise1.He________verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI________goingtoBeijingnextmonth.3.________youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King________inLondontwoweeksago.5.There________manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What________thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl________flyingakite.8.Who________notatschoollastMonday?9.Haveyouever________toJapan?10.I______notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasbeenam第十九頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。19動(dòng)詞的根本(gēnběn)形式原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞studystudiesstudiedstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhavinglearnlearnslearned/learntlearned/learntlearning第二十頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。20第三人稱(dìsānrénchēnɡ)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況+sworks,learns,eats,needs,says結(jié)尾為s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,teaches,goes,fixes結(jié)尾為輔音字母+y變y為i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,cries動(dòng)詞be和have的第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)式分別是is和has。第二十一頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。21動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)的過(guò)去式

構(gòu)成例詞讀音在動(dòng)詞后加ed在以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加ed在以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后，先變y為i再加ed在重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾而末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，須雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母再加ed在清輔音后讀[t]lookedwashedpassedhopedlikedstoppeddropped在元音和濁輔音后讀[d]stayedcalledlivedstudiedtriedcarriedplannedpreferred在輔音[t]、[d]后讀[id]tastedneededadmittedpermitted第二十二頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。22現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)分詞情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況+ingdoing,asking,helping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去e加inghaving,taking,writing,living以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾而末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ingrunning,swimming,putting,sitting第二十三頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。23原形第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式過(guò)去式現(xiàn)在分詞have

givegetread

sweepplay

carry

hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise第二十四頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。24五、動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間(shíjiān)和表示方式的一種動(dòng)詞形式。小學(xué)階段所學(xué)的時(shí)態(tài)(shítài)有：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：work/works2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/areworking3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：worked4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：am/is/aregoingtowork第二十五頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。25一般(yībān)現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或目前的狀態(tài)。常與時(shí)間(shíjiān)副詞連用：always,often,usually,every…,onSundays,twiceaweek等。根本(gēnběn)結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句Iwork.Wework.Idon’twork.Wedon’twork.DoIwork?Dowework?Youwork.Youdon’twork.Doyouwork?Theywork.Theydon’twork.Dotheywork?SheHeworks.ItSheHedoesn’twork.ItsheDoeshework?it第二十六頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。26現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)進(jìn)行時(shí)通常表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。它所表示的動(dòng)作具有持續(xù)性、暫時(shí)性和未完成性。常見(jiàn)的與現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)進(jìn)行時(shí)有關(guān)的詞有：now,thesedays,look,listen等。根本(gēnběn)結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句Iamworking.Weareworking.I’mnotworking.We’renotworking.AmIworking?Areweworking?Youareworking.Youaren’tworking.Areyouworking?Theyareworking.Theyaren’tworking.Aretheyworking?SheHeisworking.ItSheHeisn’tworking.ItsheIsheworking?it第二十七頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。27一般(yībān)過(guò)去時(shí)通常表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，其中也包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(zhuàngyǔ)連用：yesterday,last…,…ago,justnow,in1998等。根本(gēnběn)結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句Iworked.Weworked.Ididn’twork.Wedidn’twork.DidIwork?Didwework?Youworked.Youdidn’twork.Didyouwork?Theyworked.Theydidn’twork.Didtheywork?SheHeworked.ItSheHedidn’twork.ItsheDidhework?it第二十八頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。28一般(yībān)將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)(jiānglái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常與一些表示將來(lái)(jiānglái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：tomorrow,next…,Begoingtodo表示主表達(dá)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)(jiānglái)要做某事；也可以表示“預(yù)見(jiàn)〞，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象說(shuō)明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況。根本(gēnběn)結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句I’mgoingtowork.We’regoingtowork.I’mnotgoingtowork.Wearen’tgoingtowork.AmIgoingtowork?Arewegoingtowork?You’regoingtowork.Youaren’tgoingtowork.Areyougoingtowork?They’regoingtowork.Theyaren’tgoingtowork.Aretheygoingtowork?SheHeisgoingtowork.ItSheHeisn’tgoingtowork.ItsheIshegoingtowork?it第二十九頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。29Peter________(play)basketballtwiceaweek.2.Doyoubelievewhathe________(say)justnow?3.Look!Thelazycat____________(sleep)inthesofa.4.There_______(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.5.

_____you_______________(see)afilmtomorrowmorning?6.She____________(notplay)theguitaratthemoment.7.What______hisfatherusually_______(do)intheevening?8.They______________(have)ameetingnextweek,aren'tthey?9.BothheandI________(be)teachers.10.I___________(notfeel)verywellyesterday.11.Heputonhiscoatand_________(go)out.12.LeiFengoften____________(help)othersandhewashelpful.NextSunday,we___________________(clean)upthepark.14.Hurry!Yourmother____________(wait)foryouattheschoolgate.PractiseplayssaidissleepingisAregoingtoseeisn’tplayingdoesdoaregoingtohavearedidn’tfeelwenthelpsaregoingtocleaniswaiting第三十頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。30六、介詞(jiècí)介詞在句子中表示名詞或代詞等與其他詞之間的關(guān)系。不能單獨(dú)(dāndú)作句子成分，常位于名詞或代詞〔或與之相當(dāng)?shù)钠渌~類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)、從句〕前面構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞后面的成分作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。方位(fāngwèi)介詞in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,infrontof,nextto,between時(shí)間介詞in,on,at,after,before,from…to,past,between

其它of,by,with,into,outof,for,

第三十一頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。31Practise1.Look_____thepicture.It'spicture___myschool.

2.Thereisaschoolbuilding____myschool.Ithasfivefloors.______theschoolbuilding,thereisabigplayground.________school,thechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere.

3.Myclassroomis____thefifthfloor.It'sbigandclean.

4.MissLiisourclassteacher.Shecomes______schoolearlyeverymorning.Shecomes____bicycle.Thenshedoesmorningexercises______us.Shelikessports.Tomorrowisherbirthday.Wewillmakeacard___her.Weloveherverymuch.5.Therearesomeapples_____thetree.6.–Where’syourstudy?–It’snext____mybedroom.7.Thecar_____thetreeisJack’s.8.Theballis________thedoor,soyoucan’tseeit.9._______________thehouse,therearemanytrees.10.Listen!Someoneisknocking____thedoor.11.Thereissomethingwrong_____mycomputer.atofinNearAfterontobywithforontounderbehindInfrontofatwith第三十二頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。32七、數(shù)詞(shùcí)表示(biǎoshì)數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞表示(biǎoshì)數(shù)目順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞1—12的基數(shù)(jīshù)詞：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13—19的基數(shù)(jīshù)詞：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20—90的基數(shù)(jīshù)詞：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21—29的基數(shù)(jīshù)：twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-ninethirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven….-teen-ty十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間要加連字符號(hào)“-〞第三十三頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。332.百位數(shù)：onehundred,twohundred,threehundred,fourhundred…fivehundredandeight-six,sixhundredandninety-nine,sevenhundredandeight,eighthundredandone3.千位數(shù)：onethousand,fourthousand,seventhousandonehundredandfive百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間加and。注意(zhùyì)英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有“萬(wàn)〞這個(gè)單位，所以常用(chánɡyònɡ)thousand來(lái)表示。tenthousand,thirtythousand,fifteenthousandonehundred,fivehundredandonethousandfourhundredandthirty-two第三十四頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。34英語(yǔ)序數(shù)詞第1-19除了first,second與third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基數(shù)詞加后綴-th構(gòu)成。注意：fifth,eighth,ninth和twelfth的拼法。2.十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是：先把十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞的詞尾ty中的y變?yōu)閕，然后加后綴-eth,如：twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth3.十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞如果含有1-9的個(gè)位數(shù)時(shí)，十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞，個(gè)位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，中間用“-〞連字符(zìfú)。如：twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、萬(wàn)等的序數(shù)詞由hundred,thousand,million等加-th,前面加有關(guān)的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成。如：onehundredth,onethousandth注意：序數(shù)詞前的one不能用a代替。onehundredandtwenty-first第三十五頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。35Practise1.Thereare____daysinayear.

A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive

2.______peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.

A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof

3.Therearetwo_____peopleinthemeetingroom.

A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof

4.____treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years.

A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof

5.Mybrotherisin____.

A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone

6.Wearegoingtolearn___thisterm.

A.booksixB.sixbookC.thebooksixD.BookSix7.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis____.A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveD.seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-five

CDAABDC第三十六頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。368."Theyear1999"shouldberead"Theyear____".A.nineteenandninety-nineB.nineteenninety-nineC.onethousandninehundredandninety-nineD.nineteenhundredandninety-nine

9.Hewillcomehere____tomorrowmorning.

A.atfifthB.attenC.ontwoD.tilltenth

10.Everydayhebeginstodohishomework___.

A.attenpastsevenB.atsevenpassten

C.ontenpastseventhD.untilten11.Wealllikethe_____boy.

A.oftenyearsoldB.ten-year-oldC.attenoldD.ofageoften12.Thereare____monthsinayear.Decemberisthe____monthoftheyear.

A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth

13.During____century,theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion.

A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentiethD.thetwenty

14.Jennywasborn_______.

A.onJuly10,1987B.inJuly10,1987C.in1987,July10D.on1987,July10

BBABBBA第三十七頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。37八、形容詞和副詞(fùcí)形容詞是用來(lái)(yònɡlái)描寫(xiě)或修飾名詞〔或代詞〕的詞。副詞是用來(lái)(yònɡlái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句的詞。Heisagood

student.2.Thefilmisvery

interesting.3.Thereissomethingwrongwiththebike.4.Lucyisolder

thanHelen.Theproblemisverydifficult.2.Hewrotetheletterscarefully.

方式副詞：carefully,quickly,suddenly…

2.地點(diǎn)副詞：here,there,up,down…3.時(shí)間副詞：yesterday,today,now…4.程度副詞：very,quite,much,just…第三十八頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。38形容詞和副詞(fùcí)的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)情況比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般情況+er,

如：taller,longer,faster,sooner+est,

如：tallest,longest,fastest,soonest以e結(jié)尾的詞+r,如：later,nicer,larger+st,如：latest,nicest,largest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母，再+er,如:bigger,fatter雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母，再+est，如：biggest,fattest以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞把y改為i再+er,

如：busier,earlier把y改為i再+est,

如：busiest,earliest大部分多音節(jié)詞在前面加more,如：morecareful,morewonderfully在前面加most,如：mostcareful,mostwonderfully不規(guī)則的詞：good/well,many/much,farbettermorefarther/furtherbestmostfarthest/further第三十九頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。39比較級(jí)的用法(yònɡfǎ)1.用來(lái)(yònɡlái)把彼此獨(dú)立的事和人進(jìn)行比較，表示“比……更……一些〞的意思，通常用一個(gè)由附屬連詞than引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示和什么相比。為了防止重復(fù)，從句中有些成分可以省略。如：HelenistallerthanLucy.HegotmoreinformationthanIdid.HerunsfasterthanI.2.如果我們要說(shuō)兩個(gè)東西在某一方面是一樣的，我們就可以用“as+形容詞/副詞(fùcí)+as〞,形容詞不用比較級(jí)而用原級(jí)。在作否認(rèn)比較時(shí)，可以用notas…as…,notso…as…,也可以用less…than…，如：Jimmyisastallashisfather.Idon’twriteas/sowellasHelen.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.第四十頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。40比較級(jí)的用法(yònɡfǎ)3.為了表示持續(xù)不斷的變化，我們可以用“雙重比較(bǐjiào)〞的方法，這種結(jié)構(gòu)后面不可跟than引導(dǎo)的比較(bǐjiào)狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Heiscryingharderandharder.Ourcountrygetsmoreandmorebeautiful.Computersaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster.4.表示兩個(gè)變化是一起(yīqǐ)發(fā)生的，可以把比較級(jí)形式和the一起(yīqǐ)用，表示“越……，就越……〞的意思。如：Thehigherthemountainis,thethinnertheairis.Theearlieryoustart,thesooneryouwillbeback.第四十一頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。41Practise1.Shanghaiis________thanBeijing.Itis____________cityinourcountry.(large)2.Billisn’tas______asMike.Tomis______thanMike.Whois________ofthethreeboys?(old)3.Marydrawsas______asBill,andsheismuch_______thanhimatsinging.(well,good)4.Springiscoming.Theweatherisgetting________and_________.(warm)5.Tom,JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek.John’scomputerismuch____________thanTom’sandmine.Itis_________________ofthethree.(expensive)6.Itisalittle__________todaythanyesterday.(wet)7.MrsBrownismuch________thanshewastwoyearsago.(healthy)8.Whichdoyoulike_________,basketball,volleyball,orfootball?(well)largerthelargestoldoldertheoldestwellbetterwarmerwarmermoreexpensivethemostexpensivewetterhealthierbest第四十二頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。42Beijingersaretrue__________totheworld.(friend)2.Look!How__________Kittyislaughing!(happy)3.IthinkJulyis______thananyothermonthinourcountry.(hot)4.Shealwayslistenstotheteacher_________inclass.(care)5.Theparkisoneofthe______________parksinBeijing.(beautiful)6.ShespeaksEnglish,butnotas_______ashisbrother.(good)7.Iwas__________bythe_________sound.(frightened,frightening)8.Themusicsounds____________.(beautiful,beautifully)9.Don’tmakesomuchnoise,oryouwillwakeupthe_________boy.(sleeping,asleep)10.Yesterday’sconcertwaswonderful.I’veneverheardsuchan_________onebefore.(excited,exciting)Practisefriendlyhappilyhottercarefullymostbeautifulwellfrightenedfrighteningbeautifulsleepingexciting第四十三頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。43Therebe的結(jié)構(gòu)(jiégòu)肯定句：Thereis/wasa…Thereare/were…一般(yībān)疑問(wèn)句:Is/Wasthere…?Yes,thereis/was.No,thereisn’t/was.Arethere…?Yes,thereare/were.No,therearen’t/weren’t.否認(rèn)句：Thereisn’t/wasn’t….Therearen’t/weren’t….Therebe表示“存在有〞,即當(dāng)我們告訴某人某事存在(或不存在)常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,本身無(wú)詞義(cíyì);be為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,后面跟的是名詞,也就是主語(yǔ),也就是說(shuō)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用也就是倒裝的具體運(yùn)用。其真正的主語(yǔ)在therebe之后。第四十四頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。44Therebe的結(jié)構(gòu)(jiégòu)Some和any一般情況(qíngkuàng)下，some用于肯定句中，any用于否認(rèn)句中。如：Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Therearen’tanypicturesonthewall.Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?3.特殊(tèshū)疑問(wèn)句：What’sinthebasket?Therearesomeeggsinit.2)Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Therearefiftystudents.2.Be動(dòng)詞與后面所跟名詞的就近原那么：Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox.Therearesomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom.第四十五頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。45Practise1．There________

noteainthecup．

A．is

B．a(chǎn)re

C．has

D．be2．There

________inthenextroom．

A．isTom

B．a(chǎn)resomeboysC．a(chǎn)rethey

D．istheboy3．Thereissome

________

ontheplate．

A．a(chǎn)pple

B．bread

C．banana

D．sandwich4．There________

somepaperandapenonthedesk．

A．is

B．a(chǎn)re

C．have

D．has5．There'sgoingto________

intomorrow'snewspapers．

A．havesomethingnew

B．havenewsomething

C．besomethingnew

D．benewsomething6．Thereissomemilkinthebottle，________？

A．isn'tthere

B．a(chǎn)ren'tthere

C．isn'tit

D．a(chǎn)rethere7．________isthereonthetable？

A．Howmanyapples

B．Howmuchbread

C．Howmuchbreads

D．Howmanyfood8．Thereis________

oldwomaninthecar．

A．×

B．a(chǎn)

C．the

D．a(chǎn)nABBACAAD第四十六頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。469．There's________

orangetreebehind________

house．

A．a(chǎn)n；the

B．a(chǎn)；a

C．the；the10．Thereis

_____mapintheclassroom．____mapisonthewall．

A．a(chǎn)；A

B．the；The

C．a(chǎn)；The

D．the；A11．Thereis____“f〞and_____“u〞intheword“four〞．

A．a(chǎn)n；a

B．a(chǎn)；a

C．a(chǎn)n；an

D．a(chǎn)；an12．There______

notanywaterintheglass．

A．has

B．is

C．a(chǎn)re13．There________

anappleandtenbananasinthebasket．Youcantakeanyofthem．

A．a(chǎn)re

B．is

C．has

D．have14．________anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet？

A．Isthere

B．Arethere

C．Has

D．Have15．Thereislittlewaterintheglass，________？

A．isn'tthereB．isn'tit

C．isit

D．isthere16．There________

somewaterinthebottle．

A．a(chǎn)re

B．is

C．has

D．have17．Howmany

________arethereinyourclassroom？

A．desks

B．desk

C．chair

D．doorACABBBDBA第四十七頁(yè)，共53頁(yè)。47“Wh〞的疑問(wèn)句What——1)What’sthis/that?2)What’syourname?3)Whatare