高中英語定語從句吳

TheAttributiveClause定語(dìngyǔ)從句第一頁，共54頁。1WhichoneisHarryPorter?TheboyisHarryPorter

第二頁，共54頁。2WhichoneisHarryPorter?Theboy_______________________isHarryPorter.whoiswearingglasses定語從句第三頁，共54頁。3定語(dìngyǔ)從句一、概念:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞(míngcí)或代詞的句子.(在句子中作定語，相當(dāng)于形容詞)(Attributiveclause)HarryPorterisasmartboy.HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.形容詞作定語(dìngyǔ)句子作定語,修飾boy,叫做定語從句☆被定語從句限定的詞是_______，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做________或_________。第四頁，共54頁。4HarryPorterisaboy

whohasmagicpower.先行(xiānxíng)詞關(guān)系(guānxì)詞定語(dìngyǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why第五頁，共54頁。5五、關(guān)系代詞(dàicí)的用法關(guān)系代詞指人或指物所作的成分thatwhichwhowhomwhose人和物物人人人和物主語(zhǔyǔ)、賓語、表語主語、賓語(bīnyǔ)、表語主語、賓語、表語賓語定語第六頁，共54頁。6when,where,why關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中的成分when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語whyreason原因狀語〔二〕引導(dǎo)(yǐndǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞第七頁，共54頁。7Haveatry指出(zhǐchū)關(guān)系代詞〔副詞〕在定語從句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主語(zhǔyǔ)賓語定語賓語第八頁，共54頁。8四、定語從句(cónɡjù)關(guān)系詞的特點(diǎn)1、連接功能：引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句；2、替代功能：替代先行(xiānxíng)詞；3、語法功能：在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。注意：先行詞在定語(dìngyǔ)從句中不能重復(fù)出現(xiàn)改正錯(cuò)誤：ThisisthebookthatIhavebeenlookingforwardtoit。第九頁，共54頁。91.who,whom,whose,that用法(yònɡfǎ)區(qū)別.①who作定語從句(cónɡjù)的主語或賓語.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Theman

isspeakingatthemeeting.分解(fēnjiě)作主語第十頁，共54頁。10②whom作定語從句(cónɡjù)的賓語Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisit

thewoman.分解(fēnjiě)作賓語(bīnyǔ)第十一頁，共54頁。11③that可以作定語(dìngyǔ)從句的主語和賓語.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.第十二頁，共54頁。12④whose作定語(dìngyǔ)從句的定語(dìngyǔ)(whose既可以指人，也可以指物).Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解(fēnjiě)Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定語(dìngyǔ)Ihaveabookwhosecoverisyellow.關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格第十三頁，共54頁。132.which,that的用法(yònɡfǎ)which作定語從句的主語(zhǔyǔ)或賓語.Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.作主語(zhǔyǔ)作賓語可省略第十四頁，共54頁。143.只能(zhīnénɡ)用that的情況①序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾(xiūshì)先行詞時(shí)Tomisthecleverest

boy

thatIhaveeverknown.Thisisthefirst

play

thatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.第十五頁，共54頁。15③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定(bùdìng)代詞作先行詞時(shí)

Everything

thatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.②先行(xiānxíng)詞被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修飾時(shí)。I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.第十六頁，共54頁。16④先行(xiānxíng)詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時(shí)。Thisistheverybook

that

belongstohim.⑤主句(zhǔjù)已有who或which時(shí)Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.第十七頁，共54頁。17⑥領(lǐng)先(lǐnɡxiān)行詞同時(shí)指人和物時(shí)I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings

thatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.第十八頁，共54頁。18只能用which做關(guān)系(guānxì)代詞的情況1.在非限制性定語從句(cónɡjù)中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人.2.在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞〞引導(dǎo)的定語(dìngyǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3.先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時(shí)多用who。第十九頁，共54頁。194.關(guān)系代詞(dàicí)前有介詞時(shí)(介詞提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whichThisistheboywith

whomhetalked.Thisistheringon

whichshespent1000dollars.第二十頁，共54頁。201.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.2.IrememberthedaywhenIfirstmethim.3.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouliedtome?第二十一頁，共54頁。21關(guān)系(guānxì)副詞When=on(in,during…)whichwhere=on(in,infrontof…)whichWhy=forwhich〔三〕關(guān)系副詞與介詞(jiècí)+關(guān)系代詞的替代第二十二頁，共54頁。22whenwhen可用in/on/at/during+which代替(dàitì)1.Istillremembertheday.2.Ifirstmethimontheday.Istillrememberthedayonwhich

Ifirstmethim.whenwhich第二十三頁，共54頁。23wherewhere可用in/on/at/to+which代替(dàitì)1.Thedictionaryistheonlyplace.2.Successcomesbeforeworkinthedictionary.Thedictionaryistheonlyplaceinwhichsuccesscomesbeforework.wherewhich.第二十四頁，共54頁。24whywhy可用for+which代替(dàitì)1.Thisisthereason.2.Iwaslateforschoolforthisreason.ThisisthereasonforwhichIwaslateforschool.whywhich.第二十五頁，共54頁。25關(guān)系代詞(dàicí)和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞在定語(dìngyǔ)從句中作主語、賓語關(guān)系副詞在定語(dìngyǔ)從句中作狀語第二十六頁，共54頁。26如何選用(xuǎnyòng)定語從句的關(guān)系詞1.首先分清主句和定語從句2.確定定語從句的先行詞3.把先行詞帶回到定語從句中去，看其在定語從句中做什么語法(yǔfǎ)成分〔主語，賓語，定語或狀語〕4.假設(shè)先行詞在從句中做主語、賓語或定語那么選擇關(guān)系代詞，假設(shè)在從句中做狀語，那么選擇關(guān)系副詞。第二十七頁，共54頁。27非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明作用，缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解。在非限制性定語從句的前面(qiánmian)往往有逗號(hào)隔開。Thehouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasalovelygarden.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.注意：整個(gè)主句作為先行(xiānxíng)詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)—————————————————————第二十八頁，共54頁。28非限制性定語從句(cónɡjù)和單句的比較2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×

that1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.which第二十九頁，共54頁。29Theschool______________heoncestudiedisveryfamous.

介詞+關(guān)系(guānxì)代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：注意：1.含有(hányǒu)介詞的動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等Thisisthewatch〔which/that〕Iamlookingfor.2.假設(shè)介詞(jiècí)放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只能用which；指人時(shí)只能用whomThemanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.Theschool___________heoncestudiedin

isveryfamous.

Theman(whom)youtalkedwithismyfriend.(that/which)inwhich/where

第三十頁，共54頁。30考點(diǎn)三：關(guān)系代詞(dàicí)as的用法一、as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句主句中thesame,as,such,so修飾先行詞，as做關(guān)系代詞(dàicí)在定語從句中做主語或賓語。有“如，似，正像〞的含義主要結(jié)構(gòu)有：thesame…as;as…as;such…as;so…asDon’ttrustsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.(指人，作主語(zhǔyǔ)〕Wehavearrivedatthesameconclusionastheyhave.〔指物，作賓語〕

第三十一頁，共54頁。31Thisisthesamepen______Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比較(bǐjiào)：...thesamepenasIlost....thesamepenthatIlost.很像，不一定(yīdìng)就是就是(jiùshì)我不見的那支筆☆thesame…as表示同一類人或物；

thesame…that指同一個(gè)人或物第三十二頁，共54頁。32二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句(cónɡjù)⑴as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句(cónɡjù)，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，從句(cónɡjù)可置于句首，句中或句尾Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.Theearth,asweknow,movesroundthesun.Tomworkshardandiswillingtohelpothers,asweallknow.第三十三頁，共54頁。33⑵非限制性定語從句中的謂語為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，常用(chánɡyònɡ)as做主語besaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussedGrammar,ashasbeensaidbefore,isnotasetofdeadrules.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.注意：which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句(cónɡjù)只能放在主句之后。Tomsuddenlyfellill,whichmadeussad.

第三十四頁，共54頁。34as引導(dǎo)(yǐndǎo)的非限制性定語從句Theearthisround._____isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_____isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround______isknowntoallthat

theearthisround.Itwhich/as

AsItas具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected定語(dìngyǔ)從句在句首時(shí)只能用as,第三十五頁，共54頁。351).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesof_______wereblackwithdisease.b.Isawsometrees,theleavesof______wereblackwithdisease.2).a.Theprofessorisalittleman,onthenoseof______thereisapairofglasses.b.Theprofessorisalittleman,andonthenoseof______thereisapairofglasses解題點(diǎn)撥(diǎnbo):是否有連詞是區(qū)分定語從句和并列句的關(guān)鍵。

themwhomwhichhim

____高考(ɡāokǎo)考點(diǎn)—易混句型定語(dìngyǔ)從句與并列句____第三十六頁，共54頁。36Haveyougotit?第三十七頁，共54頁。37由Who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做主語(zhǔyǔ)\賓語1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whoseB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom選擇題第三十八頁，共54頁。384.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.

Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that由Whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句(cónɡjù)，在句中做賓語介詞提前時(shí)只能用whom第三十九頁，共54頁。397.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose8.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本國(běnɡuó)的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose9.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that由Whose引導(dǎo)(yǐndǎo)的定語從句,在句中做定語第四十頁，共54頁。4010、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.

whichisgrownC.whenisgrown11、Theknife___Icuttheapplewithcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what12、Theroomin___therearemanybooksismine.A.thatB.whoC.which13、Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.when由Which引導(dǎo)的定語(dìngyǔ)從句，在句中做主語\賓語介詞提前時(shí)只能用whichthat第四十一頁，共54頁。4114.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.what15.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.that先行詞是不定代詞(dàicí)all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything只能用that引導(dǎo)第四十二頁，共54頁。4216.It’sthemostboringfilm___Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whose17.Thisisthefirstcar___arrivedthismorning.A.whichB.whoC.that

先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)只能(zhīnénɡ)用that引導(dǎo)第四十三頁，共54頁。4318.Iknowallpeople___arefromthatvillage.A.whoB.thatC.whose19.Thereisnowater___isneededbadly.A.whichB.whoC.that20.Pleasetakeanyseat___isfree.A.whichB.thatC.inwhich先行詞被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等修飾(xiūshì)時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)第四十四頁，共54頁。4421.Thatistheverybook___Iwaslookingfor.A.whoB.thatC.which22.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything___heowns.A.whoB.thatC.which先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修飾(xiūshì)時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)第四十五頁，共54頁。4523.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks___werepopularthen.A.whoB.thatC.whic