高中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí)(非常詳細(xì))

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解及練習(xí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have(has)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞否定句：have/has后加not,haven’t/hasn’t一般疑問(wèn)句：前提have/has被動(dòng)：have/hasbeen+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞2．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的概念：1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。--Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?你吃過(guò)午飯了嗎？--Yes,Ihave.Ihavejusthadit.是的，我剛吃過(guò)。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了。)Ihavealreadypostedthephotos.我已經(jīng)寄過(guò)這些照片。(這些照片已不在我這里了。)2)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞）。Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.近來(lái)我始終沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)他。I’veknownLiLeiforthreeyears.我相識(shí)李雷已經(jīng)三年了。Theyhavelivedheresince1996.他們自從1996年就住在這兒。ShehastaughtussinceIcametothisschool.自從我來(lái)這所學(xué)校，她就教我。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)多及下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：1)用于“過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already(已經(jīng)→確定句)yet(還;尚未→否/疑問(wèn)句)-Has

he

phoned

you

yet?---No,not

yet.

never(從未)ever(曾經(jīng)→疑問(wèn)句)Haveyouevertalkedtohimaboutit?just(剛剛)before(以前)already

用于確定句，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后、過(guò)去分詞之前，也可放在句末；

yet用在疑問(wèn)句中意為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中表示“還”，常放在句末；

ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，放在助動(dòng)詞及過(guò)去分詞之間；never意為“從來(lái)都沒(méi)有”，常和before連用，多放在助動(dòng)詞及過(guò)去分詞之間。Eg.I

have

never

traveled

by

plane

before.

before

意為“以前”，指過(guò)去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。Eg.I

haven’t

heard

of

it

before.

2)用于“過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for+時(shí)間段(fortwoyears)sincetwoyearsagosince+時(shí)間點(diǎn)since2008Sincethensincehecamehere.sofar(目前;迄今為止)uptonow=tillnow=bynow到現(xiàn)在為止；直到現(xiàn)在allthetime總是；始終recentlylately最近thesedays近幾天【bytheendof…到…末/結(jié)束】bytheendofthisyear到今年年末bytheendofthismonth到本月末during/overthelast(past)fewyears在過(guò)去的幾年中inthelast/pastmonths在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)月中inthepast/lastfewdays/years在過(guò)去的這幾天3)This/Itisthefirst/secondtime+that從句that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavecomehere.4）在條件，時(shí)間，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)以前已完成的動(dòng)作IwillnotbelieveyouunlessIhaveseenitwithmyowneyes.IwillgowithyouassoonasIhavefinishedmywork.3.have(has)been和have(has)gone區(qū)分1)have/hasgone(to)表示某人已經(jīng)去了某地，人不在這兒。--WhereisJim?–HehasgonetoLondon.(人不在這兒，已去了London)2)have/hasbeen(to)表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地，但現(xiàn)在人已回來(lái)。IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.我到過(guò)上海兩次。（以前去的上海，現(xiàn)在人已回來(lái)）--Wherehaveyoubeen,Jim?吉姆，你去了哪里？--Ihavebeentothelibrary.我去了圖書館。后面還可以跟不定式

I’ve

been

to

see

my

grandmother.(現(xiàn)已回來(lái))

She’s

been

to

do

some

shopping.

3)have/hasbeenin+地點(diǎn)(adv.去to)在某處呆過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間(現(xiàn)在還在那里)Howlonghaveyoubeenhere/there?Ihavebeenhere/therefor10years.你在這里多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？我在這里10年了。(現(xiàn)在還在)DashanhasbeeninChinasince20yearsago.大山自從20年前就在中國(guó)。(現(xiàn)在還在)Howlonghavebeenatthisschool?Ihavebeenhereforovertwoyears.你在這所學(xué)校多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？我在這里兩年多了。(現(xiàn)在還在)4.have

got

的特別用法：

have

got

在形式上時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，在意思上和have相同：

Have

you

got

(=Do

you

have)a

timetable?

She

hasn’t

got

any

relations.

I’ve

got

another

three

minutes.

5.have

got

to

和have

to

意思相同：

have

got

to

和have

to

意思相同：

have

got

to

=have

to,表示“不得不”：

You’ve

got

to

be

careful.

That’s

what

we’ve

got

to

do.

You’ve

got

to

keep

this

in

mind.

在口語(yǔ)中，have有時(shí)可以省略。

We

got

to

make

ends

meet.我們得收支相抵。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)分現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的狀況，所以它不能及表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday,lastnight,threeweeksago,in2004等。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系，它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Ihaveseenthefilm.我看過(guò)這部電影。（我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。）Isawthefilmlastweek.我上星期看了這部電影.(只說(shuō)明上星期看了這部電影,不涉及現(xiàn)在的狀況)Hehaslivedheresince1992.1992年以來(lái)他始終住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里）Helivedherein1992.1992年他住在這里。（不涉及現(xiàn)在他是否還住在這里）把下列句子分別變成否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句并作回答。1)Ihavealreadycleanedtheroom.否定句:____________________________________________________________一般疑問(wèn)句：_________________________________________________________確定回答：________________________否定回答:_________________________2)JimhasneverbeentoHarbin.一般疑問(wèn)句：________________________________________確定回答：________________________否定回答:_________________________3)Wehavelivedheresince2yearsago.否定句:_________________________________________一般疑問(wèn)句：________________________________________對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn)：_________________________________________________________三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.I_________________________________(learn)2000Englishwordssofar.2.Theoldman_______________________________(live)herefor40years.3.I________________________________(notsee)youfortenyears.4._____________________you____________________(sweep)thefloortoday?Itissodirty.5.______________________he_____________________(spend)allhismoney?Yes,hehas.四、短暫性動(dòng)詞及持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的運(yùn)用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,短暫性動(dòng)詞一般不剛好間段連用。即:不及for,since短語(yǔ)或howlong問(wèn)句連用。非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)可采納下述三種方法：

a.將非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

練習(xí)：將下列非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

buy

;

borrow

;

open

;

close

；

begin/start

;come

;go/leave

;finish

;

died

;catch

a

cold

;

put

on

;

get

up

；wake

up

fall

asleep

;

lose

;

join

leave

1.He

left

his

office

3

hours

ago.

He

from

his

office

for

3

hours.

It

3

hours

since

he

left

his

office.

2.He

has

been

dead

4

years.

He

ago.

It

has

been

he

died.

b.將時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)改為過(guò)去時(shí)間，并用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

Eg.

I

have

been

away

from

this

school

for

eight

years.

I

left

this

school

eight

years

ago.c

.用句型“it

is

+一段時(shí)間+since從句（從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式）”表示。如：It

is

two

years

since

the

old

man

died.

留意：瞬間動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的否定式可以接一段時(shí)間。如：

[Exercises]

Ture

or

False

He

has

come

to

Beijing

since

last

year.(

)

He

has

lived

in

Beijing

since

last

year.(

)

He

has

joined

the

army

for

3

years.(

)

He

has

served

in

the

army

for

3

years.(

)

He

joined

the

army

3

years

ago.

(

)

He

has

been

a

soldier

for

3

years.

(

)

It

is

3

years

since

he

joined

the

army.

(

)

He

has

joined

the

army.

(

)

短暫性動(dòng)詞剛好間段連用時(shí)，要轉(zhuǎn)化成表示狀態(tài)的詞或短語(yǔ)。★leave—beaway(from)離開(kāi)…1.She__________________(leave)homelastweek.2.Shehasalready________________(leave)home.3.She_________________________________homeforaweek.A.hasleftB.leftC.hasbeenawayD.hasbeenawayfrom4.Howlonghasshe________________________home?A.leftB.leavedC.beenawayfrom★diev.—bedeadadj.死亡…1.Theoldmanis________________.He_____________________tenyearsago.2.Hehas_______________________________fortenyears.(die/dead填空)3.()Howlonghashe___________________________?A.diedB.beendeadC.dieD.beendie★join—bein/beamemberof加入/成為…jointheLeague入團(tuán)jointheParty入黨jointhearmy參軍A:WhendidZhaoLin__________________theLeague?B:He______________theLeaguelastyear.Hehas___________________theLeagueforoneyear.★borrow/lend—keep借用…1.A:I____________________abookfromthelibraryyesterday.B:Howlong___________you____________________it?A:Ican_______________itforaweek.2.He______________________thedictionarysincelastweek.A.borrowedB.hasborrowedC.haskeptD.kept★buy—have買…1.A:我買了一輛自行車。I_______________________________abike.B:你買了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？Howlong________________you___________it?A:我上個(gè)月買的。I______________________itlastmonth.2.I______________________thispairofskatesfortwoyears.A.haveboughtB.havehadC.boughtD.had★begin/start—beon起先…Themovie_____________(start)halfanhourago.It______________________forthirtyminutes.★open—beopen起先/開(kāi)業(yè)…A:Whendidthefactory_______________?B:It_______________tenyearsago.A:Howlonghasit_____________________?B:Ithas______________________fortenyears.★close—beclosed關(guān)閉/停產(chǎn)…A:Whendidtheshop_______________?B:It______________amonthago.A:Howlonghasit___________________.B:Ithas_____________________foramonth.★arrive/come—bein/at到達(dá)…arrivein/at...到達(dá)，抵達(dá)cometo...來(lái)到......1)A:Whendidyou______________inShanghai?B:I__________________herelastweek.A:Howlonghaveyou__________________________Shanghai?B:Ihave_______________hereforaweek.2)I___________tothisschoollastyear.Ihave______________________thisschoolforayear.★getacold/catchacold---haveacold感冒(用getcatchhave適當(dāng)形式填空)1.I_______________/_______________acoldlastweek.AndI’mnotfeelingwellnow.SoI_______________________acoldforaweek.2.I__________________________acoldsincelastweek.A.havegotB.havecaughtC.havehadD.got練習(xí)：1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyearＡ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity補(bǔ)充1)由since引導(dǎo)的從句中的時(shí)態(tài)：

由since引導(dǎo)的從句一般用過(guò)去時(shí)（主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）

We’ve

been

friends

ever

since

we

met

at

school.

Much

has

changed

since

I

was

there

last

time.

2)當(dāng)表示有多少時(shí)間時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

It’s

two

years

since

I

left

home.

How

long

is

it

since

you

came

here

last

time?

在下面句型中也可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

出現(xiàn)最高級(jí)This

is

the

best

tea

I

have

ever

drunk.

This

is

the

most

interesting

book

I

have

ever

read.

This

is

the

easiest

job

I

have

ever

had.一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，須要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)依據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是Ｂ。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常及already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來(lái)，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍舊）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常及recently（近來(lái)），sofar（到目前為止），inthepast/“l(fā)ast+一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z(yǔ)表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻起先持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常及“for+時(shí)間段或since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過(guò)去時(shí)）。故6應(yīng)選C。7、C8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還及once（一次），twice（兩次），threetimes（三次），severa