專題01+動詞不定式 高考英語非謂語動詞考點透析微專題

2021高考英語總復習之動詞不定式學習重點：動詞不定式不定式的時態(tài)不定式的被動式不定式的否定形式不定式主動表被動不定式的時態(tài)不定式常用的時態(tài)有：一般式、完成式、進行式和完成進行式時態(tài)構(gòu)成一般式完成式進行式完成進行式todotohavedone

tobedoing

tohavebeendoing1)一般式表示的動作,有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生,有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.Ihope

to

seeyouagain.Itseemsthatheknowsthis.IhopethatI’llseeyouagain.2)不定式的完成式有兩種用法Heseems

tohavecaughtacold.很抱歉給你帶來這么多麻煩I’msorryto

havegivenyousomuchtrouble他似乎感冒了I’msorrythatIhavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Itseemsthathehascaughtacold.A.表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。B.在intended,expected,hoped,promised,wanted,wished,thought，wouldlove后用不定式的完成式表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望、期待或計劃等。我本打算來看望你Iintendedtohavecometoseeyou.我原本希望早點兒完成工作Ihopedtohavefinishedtheworkearlier.Sheseemed

tohaveheard

aboutitalready.1.Itissaidthathe

haswritten

anewbookaboutworkers.不定式的完成式構(gòu)成復合謂語，如：Heissaid

tohavewritten

anewbookaboutworkers.句型轉(zhuǎn)換2.Itwasreportedthattheenemy

hadsurrendered.Theenemywasreported

tohavesurrendered.3.Itseemedthatshe

hadalreadyheard

aboutit.Heseemstobeeatingsomething.3)如果不定式表示一個正在發(fā)生的動作，則用進行式。如：Itseemsthatheiseatingsomething.他似乎正在吃東西不定式的進行式構(gòu)成復合謂語，如：Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeacrosstheriver.Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.Ihappenedtobegoingthatwaytoo.4)如果不定式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的時間之前開始進行，到謂語動作發(fā)生時可能停止，也可能會繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去就需要用完成進行式，如：

Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.TheyaresaidtohavebeencollectingfolksongsinYunnan.Shewishedtohavebeentrainingashardastheothers.It’sagreatpleasuretohavebeenworkingwithyou據(jù)說他已經(jīng)出了國。但是我不知道他現(xiàn)在正在哪一個國家學習。PracticeHeissaidtohavegoneabroad,butIdon’tknowinwhichcountryheislearningnow.他似乎在寫一篇文章。但是我不知道是關(guān)于什么的。Heseemstobewritinganarticle.ButIdon’tknowwhatitisabout.據(jù)說他的作品被譯成了多種文字.Hisworksaresaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.不定式的被動式如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)形式。It'sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoMary'sbirthdayparty.

Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.

Iwishtobesenttoworkinthecountry.Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired?Hewenttothehospitaltobeexamined.（作狀語）（作主語）（作主語）（作賓語）（作定語）

一般說來，如果不定式的修飾成分是其動作的執(zhí)行者，動詞不定式用主動形式，如果是其動作的承受者，則用被動式。當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式。被動形式主動被動一般式完成式todotohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone不定式完成式的被動式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復合賓語、復合謂語等，如：Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.（主語）(賓語)（復合賓語）（復合謂語）（定語）

不定式的否定形式動詞不定式的否定式在to前面加not,never,hardly,seldom等不定式表示目的時，其否定式為

1.Ourmasteroftentoldus_______thingsforgranted.A.nottohaveB.nottotakeC.didn’ttakeD.nottomake情態(tài)動詞oughttodo的否定式為oughtnottodoinordernottodo,soasnottodo不定式主動表被動1.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．Thereisalotofhomeworktodo.(也可用tobedone)Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).2.在“n／pron+be+adj+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有easy,difficult,hard,impossible，nice,pleasant,light,heavy,fit,interesting，important,expensive,cheap,dangerous等。如：Heishardtoconvince.Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican'tgotothecinema．3.在“too…todo;enough…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout/(tobeworkedout)．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4.在“with+n+todo”獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：Withnothingtodo,helayinbed．

Ifeltlwastoblame.5.當不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時。如：Ihavealettertotypetoday．(I是totype的邏輯主語)Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是tosay的邏輯主語)6.當不定式隱含在forsbtodo結(jié)構(gòu)中時。例如：Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse．7.一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式。常見的這類動詞有l(wèi)et(出租),rent,hire,blame等。例如：Thehouseistolet．動詞不定式主動語態(tài)形式的使用要比被動語態(tài)形式的使用普遍,有時(尤其在口語中)雖然意思上是被動的,也往往用主動語態(tài)形式來表示。NOTICEIhavethreemotors

torepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.IamgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.Doyouhaveanythingtobetaken?

在短語havesomethingtodo中如果主語是動詞不定式的動作執(zhí)行者，則用主動式，如果主語不是動詞不定式的動作執(zhí)行者，則用被動式havesomethingtobedone。例如：1.我有個問題要問。Ihaveaquestion

toask.

2.我明天要去北京，你有東西要帶嗎？1.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.(2003北京春季高考)A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake2.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately______intimeforChristmas.(05年遼寧卷)A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving活頁作業(yè)練習3.Thepatientwaswarned_____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteat4.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtobearule_____.A.toneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking5.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.(MET95)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto7.I’mgongtoXi’annextweek.Haveyouanything____toyourparents?A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobeboughttoD.tobuy8.Whenarethey__________intheirplan?A.handB.handedC.tohandD.give9.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey_____________.A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurvivedD.willsurvive10.Hesaidsuchathingought___tohappen.A.tobenotallowedB.nottobeallowingC.nottohaveallowedD.nottobeallowed11.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter___afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive12.Shepretended_______mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen13.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident____losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto14.Iwouldlove______tothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone15.Thisproblemissaid_____threetimes.A.tohavebeentalkedB.tohavediscussedC.havingbeendiscussedD.tohavebeentalkedabout16.Shedidnothing_______atthephoto.A.exceptlookB.buttolookC.excepttolookD.butlooking17.Hereachedthestation_____only_____thatthetrainhadjustleft.A.tired；learnedB.tiring；learningC.totire；tolearnD.tired；tolearn18.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo________.

A.makefriendwith

B.makefriendsof

C.makefriends

D.makefriendswith19.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_______,todayhewasmade______byhislittlesisterA.cry；tocry

B.crying；cryingC.cry；cry

D.tocry；cry20.Judyisonlytenbutsheknows__________well.A.whattodoitB.howtodoitC.howtodoD.whytodo21.Whowillyouget__________theprojectforus?A.designB.todesignC.designedD.designing22.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen_______,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard23.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told24.Youweresillynot_______yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked25.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_____inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbed26.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelieved________inafire.A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyed27.Themeeting_______nextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.A.totakeplace B.tobetakenplace C.tohavetakenplace D.beingtakenplace28.Iamsorry______writtenyoualetteratthetime.A.tohavenot

B.tonothave

C.nottohave

D.nothaving29.Hecoulddonothingbut_____forthebus____.A.wait,tocomeB.wait;comeC.waiting;comingD.waited;came30.Itisaproblemthatdoesn'tneed________rightnow.A.tosolveB.solving

C.beingsolved

D.tobesolving31.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson_________.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto32.Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,____mattersworse,itbegantorain.madeB.havingmadeC.makingD.tomake33.--Areyouastudent?--No,butIused_________.tobeB.towasC.todoD.tobea34.Withalotofdifficultproblems_________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled35.

Mygrandmotherseemstohavealot____.A.worryabout

B.toworry

C.tobeworried

D.toworryabout36.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleanedB.tobecleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned37.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret___that.A.todo

B.tobedoing

C.

tohavedone

D.

havingdone40.

Don’ttakethemedicine,itcan’thelp____ridofyourcold.A.getting

B.toget

C.togetting

D.gets41.

Ihadmeant_____onyou,butIwassobusy.A.call

B.tocall

C.calling

D.becalling42.

---Doyouoftenhavesomeone____yourclothes?---Yes,Ioftenhavethem____.A.wash,towash

B.towash,washed

C.washed,wash

D.wash,washed43.Thelastperson_____thesinkingshipwasthecaptain.A.left

B.leave