Unit+3+詞匯講解【知識精講+備課精研】 高中英語 課件（人教版2019）（選擇性必修第三冊）

詞匯講解版本：新人教單元：選擇性必修三

Unit3(ReadingandThinking—LearningAboutLanguage)重難點(diǎn)詞精講reform一詞多義seize一詞多義詞根sensitiverelease一詞多義英語釋義sustain一詞多義behalf正式用語詞根submittrend一詞多義搭配義1.starve1)vi.&vt.(使)挨餓;餓死Herearetwoloavesandahamforyou,sothatyouwon’tstarve.Hesaidtheonlyalternativewastostarvethepeople,andthiscouldnotbeallowedtohappen.2)vi.渴望

Theystarvefortheexperienceofpracticalwork.他們迫切需要實(shí)際工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Thestudentsnowadaysare

starvingforknowledge.今天的學(xué)生們正渴望獲得知識。starvationn.餓死，饑餓短語：starvetodeath

餓死詞匯拓展Starvation

bringsbiochemicalchangesinthebody.

饑餓引起體內(nèi)的生化變化。Theexplorersstarvedtodeathinthedesert.

探險(xiǎn)者們在沙漠中餓死了。2.releaseTheBattleatLakeChangjin(《長津湖》),theticketsalesaddedupto5.5billionyuansinceits

releaseon30September,2021.IttellsthestoryoftheBattleofChosinReservoirin1950.TheChinesesideclaimsitasthemostcriticalvictoryoftheconflict,knowninChinaastheWartoResistAmericanAggressionandAidKorea.

放開；松開

tostopholdingsth(letgo)：Don’treleasetheropewhenweplaytug-of-war.

釋放；排放

toletsb/sthcomeoutofaplacewheretheyhavebeenkeptortrapped：Hecommandedtoreleasetheprisoner.Thefactorycontinuesreleasingsmoke,makingtheairpolluted.releasevt構(gòu)詞：re-(back)+leas(loosen松開)+-e，詞源義和基本義為“放開”

首映（電影）；發(fā)行（CD、書等）；發(fā)布（新聞等）：

releaseamovie/newversion/information

發(fā)泄；宣泄：Thisisbecausegardeningisagoodwayofreleasingstress.

解雇release

n

[U]［可用單數(shù)］放走；釋放；排放；宣泄：Itwasconsideredasanunsafe

releaseof

theprisoners.thereleaseofhomingpigeonsintothesky

[U]［可用單數(shù)］發(fā)行；發(fā)布：ThenewsoftwareisplannedforreleaseonApril15th.

[C]發(fā)行的影片等；發(fā)布的新聞等：thelatestrelease放開release（基本義）release

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖放開某物的保密狀態(tài)為公眾所知放開某物放開被困的人/物放開；松開釋放；排放首映（電影）；發(fā)行（CD、書等）；發(fā)布（新聞等）放開情感發(fā)泄；宣泄將某人從職務(wù)或責(zé)任中放開解雇nv放走；釋放；排放；宣泄發(fā)行；發(fā)布發(fā)行的影片等；發(fā)布的新聞等放開release（基本義）［正式用語］支撐(bear)：Thetreecouldnotsustaintheattackofthelocusts.

保持；維持（生命等）(maintain)：Withoutthisprocess,Earthcouldnotsustainlife.人教新選必③–3Wearedestroyingtheveryfoundationsthatsustainlifeonthisplanet.［正式用語］遭受；蒙受(suffer)：sustain

adefeat/aninjury/aloss構(gòu)詞：sus-(=sub-,upfrombelow從下往上)+tain(tohold)→在下面支撐→支撐(基本義)3.sustain

vt派生詞sustainable

adj可持續(xù)的；不破壞環(huán)境的：Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapopulartrendinmanycountries.sustainability

n.持續(xù)性、能維持性Whenchoosingwhatproductstobuyandwhichbrandstobutfrom,moreandmorecustomersarelookingintosustainability.sustain+-able(可……的)sustain

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“支撐”物體“支撐”生命等“支撐”遭遇支撐保持；維持（生命等）遭受；蒙受支撐基本義sustain4.trend不要隨波逐流，要跟隨自己的內(nèi)心。trendn[C]

趨向；趨勢：Thereisagrowingtrendofpostponedretirement.Thereisanupwardtrend

inthenumberofpeoplechoosetotravelabroad.

潮流：Theywanttofollowcloselythelatestworldtrend.詞源解讀：原指河流或海灣的拐彎，后引申詞義趨勢、潮流。時(shí)尚的“趨勢”5.restrict1)vt.限制;限定;束縛Irestrictmyselftoonecupofcoffeeaday.2)vt.制約(著)Ifweemphasizethetechnologyofdistanceeducationunproperly,itwillrestrictitsopeninglevel.3)vt.(以法規(guī))限制、封鎖(消息)AmericanswantedtorestrictnewsoftheirinvolvementintheVietnamWarbyallmeans.①restrictA

toB把A限制在B②restrictionon

對...的限制③withoutrestriction不受限制詞匯拓展restrictiveadj.限制性的，約束的restrictionn.限制/約束短語Asayoungster,shemighthavefoundittoorestrictive,notcreativeenough.Thebiggestrestrictiononourresourcesisthenumberofhourswecandevotetosomething.WewilltakewhateverstepsarenecessarytoprotectCaster’srighttocompetewithout

restriction.Completethefollowingsentenceswithrelatedwordsofrestrict.1.Myfatherrestrictedhimself_______10cigarettesaday.2.Thegovernmenthasagreedtoliftrestrictions______pressfreedom.3.ThisticketallowsyoutotravelthroughZhangzhou__________restriction.4.Thespeed_____________(restrict)to30kmphintowns.5.Thestatewilladoptamore___________(restrict)policyonarmssales.6.Thersis,ofcourse,noreasontorestrict_________toaparticularapproach.to

onwithoutisrestrictedrestrictiveoneself根據(jù)漢語，寫出單詞的正確形式。Suddenlyhe_______________（抓住）therunningthief.grabbed/seized6.seize基本義：抓住seize

vt

抓住(grab)；逮捕：Therobberwasseizedbythepoliceman.seizeathief/thebranch/theinitiative(主動)奪??；占領(lǐng)：Itwastoolatetostoptheopposition’splantoseizepower.抓??；把握（時(shí)機(jī)等）：Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentoseizethegoldenchance/opportunitytojoinsportsteams.（情緒）突然侵襲；突然控制：Iwasabouttopayformypurchasesinthesupermarket,whenfearseizedme.Mywalletwasgone.seizeon/upon

抓?。衫玫氖挛铮?；突然對……大為關(guān)注：Bobwouldseizeon/uponanyexcusetojustifyhimself.seizeup卡住、中止Myjoints

seizeup

inthecoldwinter.抓住seize（基本義）抓住人或人的身體部位抓住某個(gè)地方或權(quán)利等抓住機(jī)會等被某種情緒抓住seize

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖

抓??；逮捕

奪??；占領(lǐng)

抓??；把握（時(shí)機(jī)等）（情緒）突然侵襲；突然控制7.reform

翻譯：改革開放是中國人民和中華民族發(fā)展史上一次偉大革命。The_____________________is

agreatrevolution

inthehistoryoftheChinesepeopleandtheChinesenation.reformandopening-up

reform

■vt改革；vt&vi（使）改過自新：reformanunfair/educationalsystemWhenhiscourtcasewasopeningup,thecriminalpromisedtoreform.■n[C]&[U]改革；改造：economic/agricultural/social/political/medical

reform

Withthedeepeningofreformandopening-up,theeconomyofChinahasdevelopedrapidly.Thegovernmentlosttheargumentoverthepaceofreform.reform構(gòu)詞：re-

(again)+

form

(形成)。toformagain（重新形成，變成另一種更好的形式）,即基本義為“改革”。

由物到人form詞根記詞匯formv

形成perform

v

執(zhí)行per-

徹底地

+form→徹底地形成事情→執(zhí)行informv

通知；告訴in-進(jìn)入/使+form→使形成→（引申為）通知reformv

改革re-再

+form→再次形成→改革transform

v使改變trans-改變+form→形成改變→使改變uniformn

制服uni-一

+form→統(tǒng)一的形狀→（引申為）制服formaladj

形式（上）的；正式的form+-al

……的

→形狀化的→形式上的→（引申為）正式的formn

形狀8.submitv

vt&vi［正式用語］（使）屈服；（使）服從：Wewillsubmittedourselvestothecourt’sjudgement.Ofcoursethesolutionisalwaysthesame--submittothewillofanexternalauthority.vt提交；呈遞：TheApplicanthasdecidednottosubmittheapplicationtoday.WhymustIsubmitsamplesofmyworktoacommitteetoteachagirl?構(gòu)詞：sub-(under)+mit(tosend)詞匯拓展submissionn

[U]屈服；屈從：Whenisthefinaldateforthesubmissionofproposals?[C]&[U]提交（物）；呈遞（書）；呈交：In2009,MalaysiaandVietnammadeajointsubmission,showingwheretheythoughttheirclaimslay.mit

詞根記詞匯mit發(fā)、送admit

v容許……進(jìn)入ad-

去；進(jìn)+mit→發(fā)送，放行→容許……進(jìn)入commit

v（使）承擔(dān)義務(wù)；（使）作出保證com-

共同+

mit

→共同把義務(wù)等發(fā)送給某人→（使）承擔(dān)義務(wù)；（使）作出保證submit

v提交；呈遞sub-

在……下+

mit

→送到某人的管轄之下→提交；呈遞

permit

v許可；準(zhǔn)許per-

通過

+

mit

→送其過去，讓其通過→許可；準(zhǔn)許transmit

v輸送；傳送trans-

越

+

mit

→輸送；傳送

高考鏈接根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成句子。_____________（代表）everyonehere,Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry.（2013遼寧）9.behalf我謹(jǐn)代表在座的各位，祝你們回國旅途愉快。Onbehalfofbehalf

R1

n［用于以下慣用語］：onbehalfofsb/onsb’sbehalf

代表：I,onbehalfofthedepartment,wouldliketothankallofyouwarmlyandsincerely.

為了某人；因?yàn)槟橙耍篒’dliketorepresentaproblemtotheschoolonbehalfoftheStudents’Union.Ithankedmyparentsforalltheirself-sacrificeonmybehalf.inbehalfofsb/insb’sbehalf為了某人；為了某人的利益：Wewillhaveameetingtodiscussthemoney-raisingeventinbehalfofthetsunamivictims.

10.sensitive

玻璃心是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語，意指自己的心像玻璃一樣易碎，用來形容敏感脆弱的心理狀態(tài)，經(jīng)不起批評指責(zé)或者嘲諷。

人并非生來就強(qiáng)大，每個(gè)人都有著脆弱敏感的一面，而我們要做的，就是在漫漫人生旅途中，不斷強(qiáng)化自己，將自己的“玻璃心”打磨成“鉆石心”。sensitive

詞源解讀sensitiveadj善解人意的；體恤的awareofandabletounderstandotherpeople’sfeelings:

Ihaveafriend,whoishelpfulandsensitive

to

otherpeople’sfeelings.易生氣的；易被惹惱的easilyoffendedorupset:

averysensitivechild/materialDon’tbesosensitiveandIwasnotcriticizingyou.（對光、溫度等）敏感的;過敏的;易受影響的：Mytongueisverysensitive

toacidfood.

靈敏的；（話題、形勢等）敏感的：We’dbetterkeepoffthehighlysensitivetopic.

（對藝術(shù)、音樂、文學(xué)等）感覺敏銳的表示對食物“過敏的”還有單詞allergic，它們之間的差別在于allergic涉及到了身體的免疫系統(tǒng)。構(gòu)詞：由

sense“感覺”+形容詞后綴

-ive

構(gòu)成，其基本義為“敏感的”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)：beequalto,beuniqueto,beessentialto敏感的sensitive（基本義）對別人的感受敏感的自己的內(nèi)心敏感的身體對外界敏感的感覺、話題等令人敏感的sensitive語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖善解人意的；體恤的

易生氣的；易被惹惱的

（對光、溫度等）敏感的；過敏的；易受影響的靈敏的；（話題、形勢等）敏感的對文藝作品等敏感的（對藝術(shù)、音樂、文學(xué)等）感覺敏銳的重難點(diǎn)詞精講volume拼綴法詞根spect詞源話題詞匯fee&charge&rent&fine辨析義11.volume詞源故事volume一詞來源于拉丁語詞

volumen，經(jīng)古法語進(jìn)入英語。Volumen的意思是“一卷書寫過的東西”，古代拉丁文字是書寫在一種紙莎草作成的紙上或羊皮紙上的，為了閱讀方便，就卷在一個(gè)卷軸上，頗似漢字的“卷”，中國古時(shí)的文字是刻在竹筒上，然后穿起來卷成一捆一捆的，或?qū)懺诓?、紙上、卷起來收藏的，因此書籍的?shù)量論“卷”。作品的篇幅越長，卷起來的體積就越大，所以volume又可以引申為表示體積、音量等含義。volume

n

[C]卷；冊：Ihopeyouhavereceivedthelittlevolumeofpeoms

Isentyou.

[C]&[U]體積；容積；（生產(chǎn)、交通等的）量：Howdoyoumeasurethevolumeofacontainer?Despitethesignificantreductioninspaceconsumption,thePDBdata

volumecontinuestogrowfast.WaterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfromanincreasing

volumeof

tourists.人教新選必③–3

[U]音量；聲量：Don’tneedtoberunningallthetime,asIadjust

volume

via

externalspeakers.speakvolumesabout

充分表明：Ilikeyoursmallgesturesthatspeaksvolumesabouthowmuchyoucare.12.restore1)vt.恢復(fù);使復(fù)原;修復(fù)Thepolicearetryingto

restore

publicorder.Themeasuresareintendedtorestorepublicconfidenceintheeconomy.2)vt.歸還；尋回Thelocalauthorityhasadutytorestorethechildtoitsnaturalparents.當(dāng)?shù)卣辛x務(wù)把孩子歸還給其生身父母。Thestolenpropertymustberestoredtoitsowner.贓物必須物歸原主。restoreto

使......恢復(fù)Inthiscase,wejustrestoretotheexistingdatabase.詞匯拓展restoredadj.精力充沛的、精力旺盛的

restorationn.恢復(fù)Hefeelscompletelyrestoredtohealthafteraperiodofintensivecare.通過一段時(shí)間的精心照顧，他感到身體完全康復(fù)了。Iowetherestorationofmyhearingtothisremarkablenewtechnique.我把聽力的復(fù)原歸功于這項(xiàng)非凡的新技術(shù)。1.Hishealthwasentirelyrestored.

他已完全________了。2.Thepolicemusttrytorestoreorder.

警方必須努力________治安。3.Herestoredtheumbrellahehadtakenbymistake.

他把拿錯(cuò)了的雨傘__________。4.Theoldpaintingwasdamagedinthefloodandhadtobepainstakinglyrestored.

那幅古畫在洪水中遭到毀壞,必須精心________。請說出下列句子restore中的意思。康復(fù)恢復(fù)放回原處修復(fù)巧學(xué)活用

單句語法填空①Hisvisitisexpectedtoleadtothe____________(restore)

ofdiplomatic

relations.②__________(restore)filmsareeingshowcasedthismonthatafestivalin

Paris.③Thefollowingdaytheirhorsesandgoods______________(restore)

tothem,whichmadethemhappy.restorationRestoredwererestored完成句子④她朋友的善意使她恢復(fù)了對人性的信心。Herfriend’skindnesshas_________herfaithinhumannature.⑤我們會讓她恢復(fù)健康，但可能需要一些時(shí)間。Wewill_____________healthbutitmaytaketime.

restoredrestoreherto13.conservationn.

對(環(huán)境、文物等)保護(hù)；保持Thedistrictisunderconsiderationfordesignationasaconservationarea.

正在考慮將這個(gè)地區(qū)指定為保護(hù)區(qū)。Environmentalconservationhasbeenahottopicinrecentyears.

環(huán)境保護(hù)是近年來的一個(gè)熱門話題。n.

守恒Thisisthefirsttimeweseehowenergyisinvovledintheconservationprocess.

這是我們第一次看到能量是如何涉及到守恒過程中。conserve

vt.保存，保護(hù)conservative

adj.保守的n.保守派conservationaladj.保護(hù)性的，保存的詞匯拓展1.Wemustconserveourforestsandwoodlandsforfuturegenerations.

我們必須為子孫后代保護(hù)森林資源。2.Itisimportanttoconserveenergy.

節(jié)省能源十分重要。3.Mr.Williamsisaconservativewhoadvocatesfewergovernmentcontrolsonbusiness.

威廉先生是一位提倡減少政府地商業(yè)的控制的保守人士。4.Conservationalfarmingdecreasedwinderosionrateonthefarmland.

保護(hù)性耕作減少農(nóng)田土壤風(fēng)蝕速率。servepreserveconservereservedeserve與serve相關(guān)

的詞匯vt.服務(wù)vt.保護(hù)，保存vt.保護(hù)，節(jié)省vt.保留，預(yù)定vt.值得，應(yīng)收14.dozenn.(一)打;十二個(gè)dozensof許多;很多adozen(of)beersthreedozeneggsDozensofcatswerefoundinplasticbinsaroundthehouse.英語中有一些和dozen一樣表示數(shù)目的單詞，如：score,ten,hundred,thousand,decade等，它們的用法與dozen相同。15.regulationn.章程;規(guī)章制度Someinthemarketnowwantgovernmentregulationinordertoreducecosts.Accordingtothenewregulation,allthepassengersaretobeinspectedbeforeboardingthesubway.regulate

vt.調(diào)整，校準(zhǔn)regular

adj.規(guī)律的，定期的regularly

adv.有規(guī)律地Therearesomewhothinkwecanleavethebodytoregulatethesemattersforitself.Regularexercisehelpspreventweightgain.Justover20percentoftheleadingnewswebsitesregularlyusesummaryparagraphswitharticles.1.Weneedthe__________

(regulate)ofshareprices.2.Takethemedicine__________(regular)threetimesaday.3.Ididn’tfeelanyimprovementinmyconditioninthefirstcoupleofdays,butafterafew______________(regular)visitstothedoctor,mycoughstartedtolessen.4.Thesespotsaresoimportantbecausemanyanimalsrelyonmicroclimates__________(regulate)theirbodytemperature.Fillintheblankswiththesuitableformsofthegivenwordsinbrackets.regulationregularlymoreregulartoregulate16.inspection1)n.檢查;查看;視察The

inspection

continuedasthoughnothinghadhappened.2)n.驗(yàn)貨；檢查力度Asourrepeatednotice,wewillkeeptheoptionof

inspection

foreachappilacation.

正如我們向你反復(fù)重申的程序，我們會保留對每一批貨物進(jìn)行驗(yàn)貨的權(quán)力。Onebigchangeisactuallyachangebackwithregardtotheinspectionoffoodimports.一個(gè)重大變化實(shí)際上是在食品進(jìn)口檢查力度方面的變化。關(guān)聯(lián)詞匯inspectvt.檢查inspectorn.檢查員，視察員inspectivea.檢查的、注意的Theyhavebeencreatedtocountindividualfruit,inspectcropsandevenpullweeds.

它們被用來清點(diǎn)單個(gè)水果、檢查莊稼、甚至拔除雜草。Theygetangrywiththeinspectorevenwhentheyknowitistheofficial’sjob.

盡管他們知道這是公務(wù)，他們也會檢查人員生氣。Allmaterialsshouldbehighqualityandstandardizeditemsfromtherespectivesetupcompany.搭建公司提供的所有材料都應(yīng)該是高質(zhì)量和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化材質(zhì)。Fillintheblankswiththesuitableformsofthegivenwordsinbrackets.1.Policewerecalledouttokeepattheairport,and_______(inspect)thearrivingplanes.2.Newbuildingshaveto____________(inspect)bythefiredepartment.3.Aroom___________(inspect)willtakeplaceandyouwillberesponsibleforpaymentforanydamageormissingitems.4.The__________(inspect)methodsshallfollowthenationalstandardsorotherpropermethods.5.Hewasinstructed__________(inspect)thecargoontheshipanddetainsuchcargoifnecessary.inspectbeinspectedinspectioninspectivetoinspect17.toleratevt.忍受;包容;容許ShedislikedDidobutwaspreparedtotolerateherforaweekendtohumorherhusband.

她不喜歡Dido，但為了遷就自己的丈夫，準(zhǔn)備容忍她一個(gè)周末。Onnoaccountcanwetolerateviolenceagainstchildren.

我們決不能容忍對兒童的暴力行為。tolerate(sb.)doingsth.容忍(某人)做某事Wedon’ttoleratesmokinginpublicplaces,likealibrary.Iwon’ttolerateyourspeakingtoyourfatherlikethat.tolerance

n.

忍受；容忍；寬容tolerant

adj.

寬容的；容忍的betolerantof 對……寬容關(guān)聯(lián)詞匯Becausetheyrulethroughfearandintimidation,notrueShadowLordwouldshowsympathyortolerancefortheweak.

因?yàn)樗麄冇每植篮兔{迫來統(tǒng)治，真正的陰影議員不會軟弱地顯示出同情與寬容。Theonlythingatolerantsocietycannottolerateisintolerance.

寬容社會唯一不能容忍之事便是不寬容；3.Bonsaiplantsofthisspeciesareverytolerantofdroughtandshadeandaresoldinmanycountriesashouseplants.

本種的盆景植株非常能夠容忍干旱和蔭涼并且被作為室內(nèi)盆栽植物在很多國家出售。單句語法填空①Shecan’ttolerate_____(treat)thatway.②Luckily,myparentswere___(tolerate)ofmychoiceofmusic.③Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureanda____

(tolerate)forrisk.④Shehadno__________(tolerate)forjokesofanykind.beingtreated

tolerant

tolerance

tolerance詞語辨析

fee,charge,rent,fine這四個(gè)詞均指所收取或付出的費(fèi)用：fee

較為正式，指專業(yè)服務(wù)費(fèi)、咨詢費(fèi)、學(xué)費(fèi)、會費(fèi)等：university/membershipfees

Theinsurancecompanypaidallmymedicalfees.charge

指商品或服務(wù)的要價(jià)、收費(fèi)：

Themonthly

chargefor

thisserviceisonly$29.2012全國rent

指房屋租金：

Two-thirdsofthepeoplelivingthereareformerlyhomelesspeople,whoserent

ispaidbythegovernment.

2010四川fine

指罰款、罰金：

Thereareheavyfinesfordrunkdriving.Youmightevengotoprison.拼綴法根據(jù)所給提示填空。smoke+fog=_____________________motor+____=motel_______________breakfast+______=brunch_______________+fiction=sci-fi_______________+technology=hi-tech_________________+tourism=agritourism_______________________smog霧霾/煙霧hotel汽車旅館lunch早午餐science科幻小說high高科技agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)旅游/農(nóng)家樂旅游拼綴法(blending)是指把兩個(gè)詞同時(shí)進(jìn)行裁剪，或截頭，或去尾，或只裁剪兩個(gè)詞中的一個(gè)，保留另外一個(gè)