《美英報刊閱讀教程（第三版）》35 Should Drugs Be Legalized

Lesson35ShouldDrugsBeLegalized?美英報刊閱讀教程（第三版）Lesson35StructureAnalysisKeytoQuestions

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BackgroundInformationContentsBackgroundInformationTheWaronDrugsThewarondrugsreferstotheeffortsoftheUnitedStatesgovernmenttoeliminatedrugabusebycreatingstringentdruglawswhilealsoprovidingaidtocountrieswhereillegaldrugsareproduced.ThetermwasoriginallyusedbyUSPresidentRichardNixon,whobeganananti-drugcampaignintheearly1970sinresponsetoreportsofincreaseddrugabuseandrelatedviolenceinthecountry.Throughoutthe1970sand1980s,thegovernment'seffortswereprimarilyfocusedoneradicatingamajorsupplierofcocaineinColumbia—theMedellincartel.Lesson35

Beginninginthelate1980s,theUSDrugEnforcementAgency(DEA)hasexpandeditseffortsinothercountriesincludingMexicoandmostrecentlyAfghanistan,wherealargequantityoftheworld'sheroinisproduced.Althoughithassparkedavarietyofanti-drugeducationprograms,thewarondrugshasbeencriticizedasineffective.

BackgroundInformationLesson35TheDEA'sactivitiesinColumbia,Panama,andotherneighboringcountrieshasfocusedoncapturingandprosecutingleadersoftheMedellincartel,whichisresponsibleforthemajorityofcocaineproductionandtransportintheregion.TheDEAhasalsoattemptedtogainsupportforitseffortsbysigningtreatiesandprovidingmilitaryassistanceforpoliticalleadersofthesecountrieswhoagreedtohelp.Whilethesecampaignshaveledtothecaptureandprosecutionofsomeprominentcartelleaders,theyhavenotcompletelystoppeddrugsfromenteringtheUnitedStates.Overtime,someofthecocaineproductionhasmovedtoMexicoandthedrugisincreasinglytransportedacrossthatborderintotheUS.BackgroundInformationLesson35

Thewarondrugshasgivenrisetoanumberofwellknownanti-drugcampaignsintheUnitedStates.Oneofthemostwell-knowncampaignswasstartedinthe1980sbyFirstLadyNancyReagan,called"JustSayNo."Itfocusedonschoolchildrenandencouragedthemtosay"no"toanyonewhoofferedthemdrugs.Laterthatsamedecade,PresidentGeorgeH.W.Bushappointedthecountry'sfirstdrugczar,whowastaskedwithcreatingprogramstoportraydruguseasunpopularandsociallyunacceptable.BackgroundInformationLesson35Overtheyears,thewarondrugshasexpandeditsfocustomorecountriesanddifferenttypesofdrugs.Financialfundingforthevariousinitiativeshasincreased.Despitethisgrowth,somecriticizetheUnitedStatesforfailingtoefficientlydecreasedrugabusegiventheamountoffundingdirectedtowardsdoingjustthat.Drugabuseofprescriptiondrugs,forexample,hasincreased.Ontheotherhand,severalUSgovernmentalbodies,liketheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesandtheNationalCriminalJusticeReferenceService,havereportedareductioninthenumberofpeopleovertheageof12thatabuseillicitdrugssincethe1970s.Theyreportthatover20millionAmericansareestimatedtoabusedrugs.BackgroundInformationLesson35Lesson35AdditionalNotes1.SinceItookcommandofthewarondrugs,IhavelearnedfromformerSecretaryofStateGeorgeShultzthatourconceptoffightingdrugsis“flawed.”(Line1,Para.1)—自從我領(lǐng)導(dǎo)反對毒品戰(zhàn)以來，我就從前國務(wù)卿喬治?舒爾茨那里獲悉了我們打擊毒品的觀念是“有缺陷的”。(takecommandof:begintocontrol)2.Ifoursocietycanlearntostopusingbutter,itshouldbeabletocutdownoncocaine.(Line8,Para.1)如果我們這個社會能夠?qū)W會不吃黃油，那么它也能減少可卡因的濫用。(tocutdownonsth:toreducetheamountorqualityofsth)Lesson35AdditionalNotes3.Theresultsupposedlywillbetheendofcriminaldrugpushersandthebigforeigndrugwholesalers,whowillturntootherenterprisesbecausenobodywillneedtomakefurtiveanddangeroustripstohislocalpusher.(Line1,Para.9)—據(jù)稱，這樣做的結(jié)果是毒品販及國外大毒梟的消亡，由于沒有人再需偷偷冒險去找當(dāng)?shù)囟酒坟溬徺I毒品，他們也就得轉(zhuǎn)行了。(turntosb/sth:gotosb/sthforhelp)4.Theuserwantsmorecrack,thusstartingarapidandcostlydescentintoaddiction.(Line3,Para.16)—吸毒者需要更多的垮卡因，由此很快就染上要付出昂貴代價的毒癮。Lesson35AdditionalNotes5.Andwhatgoodwillanti-drugeducationbewhentheseyoungstersobservetheirolderbrothersandsisters,parentsandfriendslightingupandshootingupwithgovernmentpermission?(Line1,Para.20)—既然這些年輕人看著他們的哥哥姐姐，父母朋友在政府的許可下，公開吸食和注射毒品，那么反毒品教育又有什么用呢？(lightup:tolightdrugforinhaling;shootup:slangtotakedrugsbyusinganeedle)6.Wepayinthelossofapricelesssocialcurrencyasfamiliesaredestroyed,trustbetweenfriendsisbetrayedandpromisingcareersareneverfulfilled.(Line2,Para.29)—我們付出的是無法估量的社會代價：家庭支離破碎，朋友背信棄義，光明前途毀于一旦。(promising:hopeful,likelytodowell)Lesson35AdditionalNotes7.Acitizeninadrug-inducedhaze,whetheronhisbackyarddeckoronamattressinaghettocrackhouse,isnotwhatthefoundingfathersmeantbythe“pursuitofhappiness.”(Line2,Para.30)—制憲元勛所說的“追求幸?！辈⒎鞘侵敢粋€公民在自家后院地面上或是貧民區(qū)吸毒窟（或：大煙館）的床墊上昏昏然地吸食毒品。(drug-induced:causedbydrug)Lesson35Photos&DiagramsLesson35Photos&DiagramsLesson35Photos&DiagramsLesson35KeytoQuestions1.Thefirstparagraphofthearticle_____.A.providesasummaryofthemajorpointsB.providesspecificexamplestomakeiteasyforreaderstograsptheissueC.presentsfallaciestoberefutedinthearticleD.describestheseriousdrugusesituationinAmericaLesson35KeytoQuestions2.Whichofthefollowingdrugsismostharmfulaccordingtothearticle?marijuanacocaineC.coca-puffD.PCPLesson353.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcrackisUntrue?A.Itischeaperthancocaine.B.Itisadrugmeantforwealthypeople.C.Thedescentintoitsaddictionismorerapid.D.Itismorepowerfulandmoredestructive.KeytoQuestionsLesson354.TheexamplesofItalyandAlaskaareintendedto________.A.illustratetheharmofheroineandmarijuanaB.provethedifficultyinwinningadrugwarC.thefastdescentintoaddictiontoheroineandmarijuanaD.showthegraveconsequencesofdruglegalizationKeytoQuestionsLesson355.Theauthorbelievesthatthemostcompellingargumentagainstdruglegalizationisthat______.A.druguseismorallywrongB.druglegalizationwillnotreducethecrimerateC.druglegalizationwillnoteliminatetheblackmarketD.druglegalizationwillnottaketheprofitoutofdrugsKeytoQuestionsLesson351.WhatdoesGeorgeShultzsuggestaboutdruguse？

Hesuggestsmakingitpossibleforaddictstobuydrugsatsomeregulatedplace.KeytoQuestionsLesson352.WhatisFederalJudgeRobertW.Sweet’sviewconcerningthedrugwar？Heoptsforlegalization,sayingifthewholenationcanlearntostopusingbutter,itshouldbeabletocutdownoncocaine.KeytoQuestionsLesson353.Whatargumentisputforwardbythelegalizersagainstdrugcontrol？Theybelievethatenforcingdruglawsimposesgreatercostsonsocietythandodrugsthemselves.KeytoQuestionsLesson354.Whathavethoselimitedexperimentsshownaboutthepossibleconsequencesofdruglegalization？Theyhaveshownthatwhendrugsaremorewidelyavailable,addictionskyrockets.KeytoQuestionsLesson355.AccordingtoBuckley,whatpriceshouldbesetforlegalizeddrugsatfederaldrugstores？Hesaysthatthepriceshouldbekeptlowenoughtodiscourageablackmarketbuthighenoughtoaccumulateasurplustobeusedfordrugeducation.KeytoQuestionsLesson356.Howiscrackmade？Crackismadebymixingcocainewithbakingsodaandheatingit.KeytoQuestionsLesson357.Whycan’tlegalizationstoptheblackmarketactivity？Legalizationcan’tstoptheblackmarketactivitybecauseregulatedpricescouldbeundercutandthegovernmentcannotsellthesedeadlyvariationsofdangerousdrugs,itwillperpetuateacriminalblackmarketbydefault.KeytoQuestionsLesson358.WhatdoesthestudybytheCatoInstituteillustrateabouttheconnectionbetweendruguseandcrimerate？Thestudyillustratesthatmost,ifnotalldrug-relatedmurdersaretheresultofdrugprohibition.KeytoQuestionsLesson359.Whatpricesdoesthesocietypayfordrugabuse？Societypaysforit,notjustinbiggerinsurancepremiums,lossesfromaccidentsandpoorjobperformance.Itpaysinthelossofapricelesssocialcurrencyasfamiliesaredestroyed,trustbetweenfriendsisbetrayedandpromisingcareersareneverfulfilled.KeytoQuestionsLesson3510.Whateffecthasthedrugwarproduceduptonow？Thedrugwarhasproducedgreateffects.Thereisa37percentdecreaseindrugconsumptionsince1985,cocaineisdown50percent,marijuanauseamongyoungpeopleisatitslowestratesince1972.KeytoQuestionsLesson3511.Whatisneededtomakethedrugwaracompletesuccess？Tomakethedrugwaracompletesuccessneedsinvolvingmorecitizensinthefight,increasingpressureondrugcriminalsandbuildingonanti-drugprogramsthathaveprovedtowork.KeytoQuestionsStructureAnalysisReadingSkillPartI(1)Capitulationists’viewsonthedrugwarPartIIPartIII(2–6)Graveconseque