專項2018年考研英語bbc經(jīng)典紀(jì)錄片賞析售價199元貓眼看世界

1.1. yfulpats,fearsomefighters…deadlyThey‘reoneofourfavoriteYeah,he’sagoodgotuptooncetheyleftthecatflap.現(xiàn) investigatingthesecretsofourfelinefriends.我們的喵星人小伙伴的TofindouthowourcatscanunleashmorepowerthanaWhathappensinthemillisecondsbeforeyourcatI’dneverexpectedtoseeallofTodelveevendeeperintotheirhidden我們給這些貓們戴上了最先進(jìn)的和機Andoneofthemostfundamentalquestionswecanaskhowdoesthecatexperiencethe喵星人是如何體驗的andhearwiththesensesofasupremepredator.togetaninsightintotheirsecret以期揭開他們的生活I(lǐng)nthecrowdedterracesofHanoverincentralWithsomanycatscrammedintosolittle靈敏嗅 WithspacetoAndwe’regoingtocompareoururbanmoggiestoathirdgroupof是揭開他們生活的關(guān)鍵Theyhavetohunttoeatandrelyontheirsensesto他們開發(fā)了帶有定位的項They’reusedtomakingthemforbigcatsinthewild,thesearethesmallestthey’veeverbuilt.SothisisalionThisisalionAnd…ThisisacollarforacheetahorawilddogoraaresqueezedontothisoneusingsmallerSonowtothetaskatWe’vegottocollarourfarmThereyougo,Alan.ThankLet’sgettoit.ShallIgrabacouple?Ok,ShallIdothisone?Yeah, Thereyougo.Yeah,Thereyougo.You’reall這些貓此前從未帶過項圈Oh,God.ShelooksabitI’mnotapproachingherOurcatsareallreadytogo,soforthenextwillbearrivinginThisisourhomeforthemonth-Cat一個月來我們都將安家在這兒喵Ourfarmcatshavenowallbeencollared,so,inafewMoreGPScollarsarebeingattachedtoourandourHanoverAndoverhere,theBBC’sResearchandDevelopment而在這里，BBCarepreparingthenextgenerationofcatcamsreadytogoout正在準(zhǔn)備新一代的貓機晚上要拿出去用的willbeporedoverbyourteamoftechnicalexpertsandsothatwecanbuildupthemostcomprehensivepictureofthewe’veeverhowdocatsexperiencetheworldaroundthem?alitterofkittenshereattheCatsProtectionThiskittenistheyoungestmemberofourwecanunderstandjusthowourcatsexperiencethe我們就能明白貓咪們是怎樣體驗的 屋catssmell,hearandseetheworldinacompleydifferent今天，要離開救助中心的舊環(huán)境ThereweHowisAthisnewhomethere’salottotakeForhumans,visionisourdominantsensebutwhataboutByfourweeks,hecouldfocusenoughtoseehis四，他就能看得清他的還能看度是否會讓自己摔落Well,asdepositsofthepigmentmelaninbuildupBackatCatHQ,he’shelustorecreatecat在喵，他幫我們重現(xiàn)貓的視覺Ok,sothere’sthecomparisonbetweenhumanandcatcoloursareprettymuchwashedoutandit’sallratherbuildupacolorpictureoftheworld,theworldthatwe因此我們看這世界才會有彩像Onthispictureofacat’sretina,youcanseethere’snocentral這是貓的視網(wǎng)膜，你看它就沒 而人類就有凹且布滿了視錐細(xì)胞Inacat’seye,therearefarfewerofandthosethatthereare,arespreadoutovertheentireWhattheretinaispackedwithistheblackandwhitereceptorsthatworkmuchbetterindimthantheydoinbrighttheytendtogetalittlebitwashedout,soitisalittlebitmoreblurryandwashedoutthanourswouldWhereasinthecatOneisthatacat’seyehasaboutfivetimesasmanyrodsinitasours ingbackthroughthecat’sretinaasecond1/6就能看清，allowinghertospotthefoxcreepasthergarden.Andtocapturethis她觀察的方式與其祖先一模一樣Ourdomesticcatsaredescendedfromprettymuchnocturnalthatdomostoftheirhuntingatnightorduskandaneyewhichworksmuchbetteratnightthanduringtheeventhoughourmoderncats,ourdomesticcatsdon’treallyneedThat’sofnorelevancetowhereasprimateslikeuswhosleepatnight因為黃昏和正是貓的祖先的獵食期Whatdothese lSowhatwe’relookingathereisplotsfromeachofourthreeandthefarmcatsonthefarrighthere.oururbancatsandourfarmcatsyouseethefarmcats,they’remuchmorethroughthenightandatdawnand夜間傍晚Whereaswithoururbancatstheyseemtobeandthat’swhenourfarmcatsaremostButwiththesame好吧，那么，我們要怎么解釋這個呢Ithinkourfarmcats,theyarehuntingtoDawnandduskiswhenthepreyanimalsareIthinkourdomesticcatshavebeendomesticatedformanytowhattheirownersarengandwhentheirownersaretheownermaybethereandfeedingthem.Andtobehonest,theownersareoneoftheresourcesthey’llSodespitebeingbornwiththesamesensesasthefarmoururbancatsmaybeadaptingtofitinwith與其數(shù)千年來的進(jìn)化產(chǎn)生了Ourcatsmayseebestinlowlightbuteveninbroaddaylight,theycanspotthingswebarelynotice.3歲的孟加拉貓是一只鄉(xiāng)下貓。Sometimesthey’reoutinthegardenandyouthink,“WhataretheyWhileourbrainsgetswampedwithinformationaboutpatternsand而的眼里只有飛速運動的物體她在追逐時，眼睛將信號傳送至大腦的信號中樞，whichyseswhat’schangedbetweenonepictureandthenextAndafarbiggerproportionoftheneuronsthannervecellsinKali’s大腦里的神經(jīng)元要比神經(jīng)細(xì)胞有著的arededicatedpurelytothedetectionofmovement.Shealmostcan’thelpbutandaremarkableabilitytodetectmadeiteasyforthecat’swildancestortostalkthepreyitreliedonforOncethepreywascloseenoughtocatch,itwentoutofBut,ofcourse,naturehastakencareofthatasWheretheireyesfailcatsrelyonanotherperfectlyadaptedsensetogoinfortheThecmeracandoinfullHDresolutionupto2,700framesa我預(yù)計 30次就能搞定了JohnBradshawishotheseultrahighspeedSoIthinkwegotit我們先把玩具拿開一會兒然后Ok,sohereweThecatrealizesthemouseiswithinhisButthelittlemusclesatthebaseofeach但胡須根的小肌 youtofthenormalposition.I’dneverexpectedtoseeallofItallseemstotakeceinaboutafifthofawherethemusclescontractandthenrelaxThemousedoesn’thaveaFarthickerandlongerthannormal胡須還更是3倍深植于皮下astheysensetheworldaround但如果貓咪們就只有這兩樣捕獵，那他們連活都活不了Miceandotherrodents,thecat’smainprey,aremostlyhiddenfromSoasaallourkittenMontycouldhearwasadullbuzzaround幼貓所能聽到的就只有周圍悶悶嗡嗡Butbyaweekold,hewasrespondingtospecificsoundsandbyfourweekshecouldorienthimself4他就能聽其野貓們那樣使用捕獵了CatbehaviorexpertDrSarahbuthowgoodaretheyathearing?OneofthethingsthatmakesthemsogoodathearingdifferentThesestructuresarecalledpinnaeandtheycanusethoseasButalsotheyusethemtohelplocatewherethesoundOurearsareprettyfixedonthesideofourheadbuttheirearscanrotateindependentlyofoneAndthosemovementscanbeupto180degrees.180度的旋轉(zhuǎn)都沒問題。在自己前后上下Oneofthewaysishowquicklythesoundcomestoeachbuttheyhaveahugenumberofneuronsthatgofromthetothebraintodecipherthatinformation,morethanwedoas連到大腦來解譯信息,Thetime lsthewhetherasoundistotheleftorrightofAndcorrugationsinsidetheeardistortthedependingonwhetherit’scomingfromaboveor耳內(nèi)褶皺會相應(yīng)地聲Ourcat’searsalsofarsurpassourownintherangeof貓咪們的耳朵所能聽到范圍也遠(yuǎn)大于人theycanhear,about11octavesin awiderrangethanalmostanyother Theycanhear,ifwethinkaboutlowasthesamerangeasus,ifyouButifweextenduptowardsthehigh但就算是高頻音tothesoundsthattheirpreymakes,sosmallrodentssuchas其獵物會發(fā)出,比如老鼠這樣的小型嚙齒動物聽到我們完全聽不到insidethehousesofsomeofthecatsinourThesoundsareallabove22whichshouldbewelloutsidetherangeofahumanTheirownersareNo,IcannothearanyanimalYeahcan’thearathing,nothingatall,notaIttakeslessthanaminuteforthemtolocatethesourceoftheandhearthismousealmostastheywiththetoolstheyneededtoWeonlystartedtreatingthemaspetsaround100years3歲的黛西是我們研究的一只鄉(xiāng)下貓andlike80%ofthecatsinourstudy,shehasacatflaptogetTrappedinside,sherarelyventuresunlessshecanpersuadeahumantoDoyouwanttogoDoyouwantmetoopentheComeon,then.Goon,Wehaveacatflapthat,youDaisycancomeinandoutofasshesobutshe’dmuchratherusetheandjustrefusestodoworkthathumanscandoforSoshe’dmuchratherstandandwaitforthedoortobeTooposhtoAndshe’sngthatiscausedbysomethingfarmorefundamentalthansheer這小小一塊塑料板是很的Nowyougoofftothepetstoreandyoubuywhichsayscatdoororcatflapanditmakessensetoyoutohavealittleholethat’sconvenientforusforcatstogoinand她聞不到外面的氣息也聽不到外面它就像是個俄羅斯賭Soshe’scomingthroughintoakindofcompletewithoutanyofhernormalsensestobeabletowork不知道外面是否有ThroughDaisy’seyes,awideopendoorhasfarmorethanatinyflapthatgiveshernoopportunitytoscanforIthinkthekeythingistotryandconvinceherthatthereisn’tathreatThecoverwillgivehertimetousehereyesandearstospotany為了探明這個，我們安裝了個andthecameramodulewhichisattachedto上邊連著個模塊IfwecangetthecatflaptodoWiththecover ceandthecameracapturingevery 頭—，這家人來到喵回見蕾切爾o,nicetomeetonherowntogothroughthecatdoor.Idon’tknowwhosearmsthosequitedarkandshe’sgoingthroughonherOh,beinghelpedagain.Mm,Therearelotsmorepicturesofpeoplethanwedoof人的要比貓的多了Thereisrather,isn’tandyou’redesperatetogethertogooutthroughthatbutI’mnotsurethatit’shelhercossheneedstobeabletoworkitoutherself.Sohereisthedaythatweputtheinterventionintohereonthisdayinthemiddle.Yep.Probably,Iguess,doubletheamount,soithastoscanforthreatsinherterritory.來偵測她領(lǐng)地內(nèi)的Andourcatcamerasarerevealingjusthowmuch而我們的貓機也揭示了貓咪allourcatsspendpatrollingandmonitoringtheworldaround花了多少時間來巡邏和身邊的世界UpPixielikesverymuchtositontopofthesothatshecanlookdownonalltheworldbeneathanditpresumablymakesherfeelOneofhisfavouritebedsisupontopoftheOzzielikestoclimbthetree,getrighttotheandthenmeowveryloudlytoshowushe’supthesooftenthatmeansreachingahighvantagepoint.Andthat’snoproblemforaPartofthereasonforthisextraordinarysenseofAtthebaseofthese在獸醫(yī)學(xué)院的結(jié)構(gòu)和運動里，Soshe’sonthebeamherewhichisItwouldbeimpossibleforustowalkon看尾巴，她把尾巴豎直shecandrivethetailtoonesideorthetheycanputtheirfeetexactlywheretheyneedtotocontroltheirTheGPScollarshavebeentrackingdozensofoururbancatsGPS項圈已經(jīng)記錄了許多城里貓AndbackatHQ,ourscientistsareusingthesetocomparethebehaviorofindividualcats.She’soneofourHanoverTofindoutwhy,he’scalledintheownerstohaveaKateand etoCat和，歡迎來到喵米奇是家的是吧？是的YouverykindlyletusputacollaronMinkytofindoutwhereshebutshedoesn’tdo但GPS軌跡顯示她離開家的活動范islessthanhalfthatofourothercityWhenJohnlookscloselyatthefootage, 當(dāng)仔細(xì)查看了后就明白heroddbehaviormightbelinkedtohersenseofSoyoucanseeonthecornerofthatnt,onthepot,onthegroundSo,isshe,incat是不是她在的時候就一NoIthinksheprobablyisquiteanxious.Whatwe’dreallyliketodoisputacamerainthere,willthatbe我們很就是裝個頭到那里，這樣可以嗎ThisiswhereMinklyspendsmostofherbutclearlysomethingiscausingheranxiety.所以我們在那兒裝了些ItturnsoutthisgardenisnotquiteasemptyasitInjust2424即使剛出生還看不 Infact,hecouldevendistinguishthesmellofoneteatfrom并一直只喝一個。It’ssomuchbetterthanThereasontheyhavesuchagoodsenseofsmellisthestructureoftheirallthescentinformationthattheybreatheinwiththeandtakeittoapartofthebraincalledtheolfactoryAndthatpartofthebrainismuchlargerinacatthanitisinisatleast100timesbetterthanourTheyhaveahiddensecondarysmellabovetheroofoftheAsthecatbreathesin,theorganpumpsfluidintotheWhenthefluidisdrawnbackupthecatcandetectminutetracesofchemicalodourspresentintheThatkindofgrimacewecallaflehmenItdoesn’tonlyhappeninourdomesticItalsohappensinlargercatsasIfwelookatthisfootagehereofa我們這段里的獅子看了我們知道是附近的其intheneighbourhoodthatarecausingherthe貓咪造成了困擾Idon’tthinkMinky’saloneinthisatIthinkthereareplentyofothercatsaroundthe我覺得內(nèi)還有許多其他的貓becausealotofitisallaboutsmell.howwecanhelpherownertomakeMinkyamuchmorerelaxedAndforourfarmcats,it’sOh,hejustfellofftheButthere’sevidencethattheirpheromonesmusthave但有表明她們的信息素必須吸atleasttwovisitingSowhatwehavehereisanestofkittensbornhereontheIthinkthey’reaboutaweek Oh,lookatSolmethestory,doweknowwhothemotherisandwhothedadWell,themother’sa ,orangeandblack他 很可能會有兩位存hasadark-coloured是有個姜黃色的貓母貓會想盡可能地吸引公soshehassome她會進(jìn)入期，氣味也會有所改變andthosepheromonesthatsheemitswillattractthosefromasmuchasaaway.withanotherindividualvery氣味是他們走到一起的唯一italsodetermineshowtheyinterprettheworldaroundistocompareittoourotherfavouriteHe’sinvitedbothacatandadogtovisitCat他各請了只喵星人和人來到喵SothanksverymuchforbringingTheoin.Nota非常感謝帶來。不用客氣Comeon，Theo.Comeon，old來吧，。來吧，老伙計Goodnessme.Ifeellikea看他怎么做的。好了，Doesn’tquiteknowwhattodo.No,heWell,he’smovingaroundtheroomHe’sreadyforanyhiddendangersthattheremight他準(zhǔn)備著應(yīng)對任何潛在進(jìn)入某個不熟悉的地方便做好的準(zhǔn)備Here’sanotherone,Andonceweputacameraon當(dāng)我們給他裝了機后 esobviouswhereTheo’sinterestintheroomSoratherthanrunningoutintothemiddleandexploringthat所以他們沒有先跑去探索房間ThatisIhaveneverseenhiminthisTheo,comeAndnowit’stimeforourcanine現(xiàn)在該讓人上場了So,Hannah, etoCatHQ.Thank，丹，歡迎來到喵。謝謝Scouthasn’tbeenhereanddoesn’tknowanyoneintheroomexceptherButherreactionisvery但反應(yīng)就很不一樣了這就是典型 seeifIcangetherawayfrom因為那可以說是安全港。Whatwe’reseeinghereisatypicalexampleofthe我們現(xiàn)在看到的就是喵別TheroomisoflesserScoutlookstoherownersfor因為祖先是社會型動物，狼whichwasthenbredbyus eafriendly,obedient,household而與其野貓祖先的聯(lián)系更為密切Soinanewsituation,hereliesonhissensestofindasafeo,好了。說再見，，向各位說再見了andlikeTheo,mostcatsareanxiousinnewces,Butatthebeginningofourwecameacrossacatthatseemedtobengexactlyo,ComeHejustcomesin,wandersaroundandwefeedThemysteryvisitorwasn’toneofourhundredcats,soourscientistswantedtofindoutwhohewasandwhyheseemedtobelookingforanewIwouldlivetoknowwhohismum,dad 是誰AndtodayI’mgoingtoputaphonenumberonhis幾天后，我們知道了來訪者叫我們?nèi)昵梆B(yǎng)的Hecametolivewithmyhusbandand。ThebabydoeslikethecatbutI’mnotsosurethatthecatlikesthe我覺得把當(dāng)作玩具‘sohekindofrunsafterhim,leapsonhimandputshishandsdeepintohis‘He’snothappyaboutitatallbuthewon’tYeah,it’sDiggy.It’sDiggy.這是。啊。輕一點兒Comeon.P