口譯常用速記符號(hào)

PAGEPAGE4口譯中常用的速記符號(hào)∵:因?yàn)?由于，幸虧；because,dueto,thanksto……

∴:所以,因此，結(jié)果是；so,therefore,consequently……≠:不等于,不同，有差距；different,disparity……

≈:約等于,大約，大概；about,almost,nearly……

＞:大于,超過，高于；surpass,exceed,morethan,superiorto……

＜:小于,少于，低于；lessthan,inferiorto……

≤:小于或等于

≥:大于或等于

=:等于,意味著,一致，公平；thesameas,equalto,meanto,similarto…….

×:錯(cuò)誤，不好的，否面的；wrong,negative,mistake,bad,not,wrong/incorrect，somethingbad，notorious，……

√:正確，好的，肯定;right,correct,good,positive,affirmative……

N:不同意;disagree……

Y:同意;agree……

↑:上升，擴(kuò)大，提升，發(fā)展，增加，起飛;up,rise,increase……

↓:下降，向下，下調(diào)，減少，惡化，裁減;down,decrease……

↗:促進(jìn),發(fā)展,上揚(yáng)，越來越好；↘:下挫，不斷虧損；＋:強(qiáng)，好,另外，多;strong,good，plus,add,moreover,besides……

＋＋:更強(qiáng)，更好;stronger,better……+3 :表示"多"的最高級(jí)：most－:弱，差,減去，出去，除了;weak,minus,deduct,inshortof,except……

――:更弱，更差;weaker,worse……-3:

?:行動(dòng)，行為，法案；action,act……[]:在……之中，在……之內(nèi);among，within，between……∈:屬于；belongto……→:導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果，向前，到達(dá)，交給，輸出;leadto,go,arriveat……

←:來自，源于，進(jìn)口，收到，邀請(qǐng)，回顧，是……的結(jié)果;(be)invited★:優(yōu)秀的，杰出的V:勝利？:問題、疑問

＆:和,與,和……一道and,togetherwith，alongwith，accompany,etc.

=＞:結(jié)論是./:一方面;;/.:另一方面;./.:關(guān)系

□:國家country,state,nation,□/□:國與國><:對(duì)立，沖突＜＜:波折twistsandturns⊙:會(huì)議,會(huì)面,研討會(huì)∩：進(jìn)入

∞ ：接觸，交往//：停頓，中止，結(jié)束

⊥：分歧**：非常、十分重要

≡：堅(jiān)持!：奇觀,危險(xiǎn)，警告，當(dāng)心@：有關(guān)∽：替換為

‖：但是∥.：與……比較而言

○：空洞△：代表：交換口譯中常用的字母符號(hào)

Z 表示"人"people/person，因?yàn)?Z"看上去像個(gè)人頭，它通常被寫在一個(gè)詞或符號(hào)的 右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C 表示政府，統(tǒng)治：government，govern希臘字母C讀/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C來表示govern,government。governmentalofficial可以表示為CZP 表示政治：politics,political希臘字母P讀/pai/,近似politics,political。那么politician就可以表示為PZE 表示總數(shù)：total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,etc.

E數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)表示總值。G表示效率：efficient,effective。G為效率符號(hào)。Q表示"通貨膨脹"：inflation因?yàn)檫@個(gè)符號(hào)酷似一個(gè)上升的氣球。A表示農(nóng)業(yè):agriculture.agriculture經(jīng)常用到，所以用首字母代替。B表示商業(yè)：business。

C×表示沖突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation"C×"中的"×"表示反對(duì)，字母"C"將反對(duì)的概念縮小為conflict和confrontation。

W表示工作，職業(yè):work,employ等。它是work的第一個(gè)字母。所以WZ就可以用來表示worker,而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表employee)。

I表示工業(yè):industry,industrial字母i像只煙囪，所以用來表示工業(yè)。

U U看酷似一個(gè)酒杯，在筆記中表示合同、協(xié)議（treaty,agreement）一般只有在談判成功、協(xié)議成交后才會(huì)表示"舉杯祝賀"。如果在U內(nèi)填入1表示:Unilateralism（單邊主義）如果填入2，就可以表示為bilateral（雙邊的）,填入3表示為trilateral(三邊的)，填入m(multiple)表示多邊主義。如果在U上加一個(gè)"×/"表示談判破裂。T表示"領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人"：leader,head那么headofgovernment,headofcompany便可以表示為CT

⊙圓圈表示一個(gè)圓桌，中間一點(diǎn)表示一盆花，這個(gè)符號(hào)就可以表示會(huì)議、開會(huì)等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium

k這個(gè)符號(hào)看上像條魚，所以表示"捕魚業(yè)"等和fishery有關(guān)的詞匯。

O圓圈代表地球，橫線表示赤道，所以這個(gè)符號(hào)就可以表示國際的、世界的、全球的等:international,worldwide,global,universal,etc.

J表示開心：pleasant,joyful，happy，excited,etc.

L表示不滿、生氣unsatisfied,discomfort,angry,sad,etc.

EO表示聽到、眾所周之;asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyouhavealreadyheardof,:表示各種各樣"說"的動(dòng)詞：say,speak,talk,marks,announce,declare,etc.

?表示"問題"：question，issue，例如：臺(tái)灣問題：tw?

.(dot)這個(gè)"."點(diǎn)的位置不同表示的概念也不一樣".d"表示yesterday,".2m"表示twomonthago,".y"表示lastyear,"y"表示thisyear,"y2."twoyearlater,"nextweek",可以表示為"wk."AbbreviationsinNotetaking

Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.

Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.

S

=

sum

f

=

frequency

Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.

cf

=

compare

e.g.

=

example

dept

=

department

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.

pol

=

politics

dem

=

democracy

lib

=

liberal

cap

=

capitalism

Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.

pres

=

presentation

subj

=

subject

ind

=

individual

cons

=

conservative

Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.

assoc

=

associate

biol

=

biology

info

=

information

ach

=

achievement

chem

=

chemistry

max

=

maximum

intro

=

introduction

conc

=

concentration

min

=

minimum

rep

=

repetition

Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.

ppd

=

prepared

prblm

=

problem

estmt

=

estimate

bkgd

=

background

gvt

=

government

Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.

am't

=

amount

cont'd

=

continued

gov't

=

government

educat'l

=

educational

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.

chpts

=

chapters

egs

=

examples

fs

=

frequencies

intros

=

introductions

Usegtorepresentingendings.

ckg

=

checking

estg

=

establishing

decrg

=

decreasing

exptg

=

experimenting

Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.

Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.

Leaveoutunimportantwords.

Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.

Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.

&

=

and

w/

=

with

w/o

=

without

vs

=

against

\

=

therefore

=

=

isorequal

Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.

zb

=

German,forexample

ibid

=

Latin,thesamework

o

=

degrees

H2O

=

water

Morereference:

Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:

+plus

//parallel

Usestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples:

egexample

ITdeptInformationTechnologydepartment

UKUnitedKingdom

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples:

marmarketing

cuscustomer

cliclient

Usetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples:

subjsubject

budgbudget

indindividual

Todistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableoftheword,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples:

tech'gytechnology

gen'iongeneralisation

del'ydelivery

Usejustenoughofthebeginningofawordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.Examples:

assocassociated

achachievement

infoinformation

Omitvowelsfromthemiddleofwords,retainingonlyenoughconsonantstoprovidearecognizableskeletonoftheword.Examples:

bkgdbackground

mvmtmovement

prblmproblem

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyadding's.'Examples:

custscustomers

fsfrequencies

/sratios

Use'g'torepresent'ing'endings.Examples:

decrgdecreasing

ckgchecking

estblgestablishing

Spellout,ratherthanabbreviateshortwords.Examples:

in