英語科技論文寫作Unit 8 Result,Discussion and Conclusion

Unit8Result,DiscussionandConclusion2021/5/91TopicalHighlightsSectionofResults:generalfunctionsandcontentsofresults,writingrequirementsforresults,examplesandsomeusefulexpressionsSectionofDiscussion:generalfunctionsandmainelementsofdiscussion,writingrequirementsfordiscussionSectionofConclusion:generalfunctionsandmainelementsofconclusion,requirementsforwritingaconclusion,samplesforconclusionandusefulexpressionsinwritingaconclusionSpecialAttention:conciseness(1)–usingnon-finites,usingreplacementofattributes,usingadverbs

2021/5/92Section

ofResults

GeneralFunctionsandContentsofResults

Liesinthevalueofitsfinalresultsandtheauthor’sinterpretationoftheresultsTobringaboutasolidfoundationonwhichthewholepaperrestsTopresenttheessentialresultsanddataandthengeneralizethemtoatheoreticalheightFullpresentationofthespecificdataoftheworkanddetailedanalysisoftheresults2021/5/93SectionofResultsWritingRequirementsforResults

Anydatashowninthissectionmustbemeaningful.Onlythosethataffectthereactionortheconclusioncanbecometheterminatingdata.Whilethosewithnomeaningfulfunctionsshouldneverappearinthissection.Thefoolcollectsfacts;thewisemanselectsthem.(Dr.JolinPowell)2021/5/94SectionofResultsWritingRequirementsforResults

Thepresentationofresultsshouldbeshortwithoutverbiageandbeofcrystalclarity.ItisclearlyshowninTable1thattheinformationdesiregrowswiththedevelopmentofindustry.Theinformationdesiregrowswiththedevelopmentofindustry(Table1).2021/5/95SectionofResultsWritingRequirementsforResults

Althoughthepresentationofresultsisthemostimportantpartofapaper,itisoftentheshortestsection.Particularlyifitisprecededbyawell-writtenpartofExperimentorMaterialsandMethods,andfollowedbyawell-writtenpartofAnalysis,Discussion,SummaryorConclusion.Sometimes,theresultmaypossiblyhavejustonesentence:“TheresultsareshowninTable1(orFigure1)2021/5/96SectionofResultsEx.8-1

Theresultsoftheidentificationfunctionforthenasalconsonants,/n/and/m,thatwereincreasedindurationareillustratedinFigure1and2respectively.Theverticalaxisindicatesthepercentageofidentificationofamoraicandanon-moraicnasal.Thehorizontalaxisindicatestheratesofincreasednasalduration(rate1.0=theoriginalonsetnasaldurationin/nata/and/mapa/). Figure1:Identificationfunctionsforanasalconsonant/n/thatisincreasedinduration.(omitted) Figure2:Identificationfunctionsforanasalconsonant/m/thatisincreasedinduration.(omitted) AscanbeseenfromFigure1,whentheratereached1.4,amoraicnasalbegantoberecognized.Whenitexceeded2.4,itwasalwaysrecognized.Althoughtheratesweredifferent,thesameresultwasobservedinFigure2.2021/5/97SectionofResultsWritingRequirementsforResults

Listedbelowaresomeusefulexpressionsfrequentlyencounteredinthesectionofresult.Theresearchwehavedonesuggestsanincreasein…Asaresultofourexperimentsweconcludedthat…Thedirectoutcomewasthenreportedin…Sufficientresultfor…h(huán)asbeenobservedwiththenewmethod…Thisworkdidprovide…2021/5/98SectionofResultsWritingRequirementsforResults

Ourexperimentaldataarebrieflysummarizedasfollows…Thisfruitfulworkgivesanexplanationof…Figure3showstheresultsobtainedfromstudiesof…Table5presentsthedataprovidedbytheexperimentson…Thistablesummarizedthedatacollectedduringtheexperimentof…Mostrecentexperimentstothesameeffecthaveledtheauthorstobelievethat…2021/5/99SectionofDiscussionThemostdifficultsectiontowriteManysubmittedpapersarerejectedbytheeditorsbecauseofafaultydiscussion,eventhoughthedataofthepapermightbebothvalidandinteresting.Thetruemeaningofthedatainapapermaybecompletelyobscuredbytheinterpretationpresentedinthediscussion,againresultinginrejection.2021/5/910SectionofDiscussionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofDiscussion

ToexpoundtheinterrelationsamongtheobservedfactsToshowtherelationshipbetweenthefacts,theirunderlyingcauses,theireffects,andtheirtheoreticalimplicationsToexplainthefactsdenotedbysymbolsorsignsofmathematics2021/5/911SectionofDiscussionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofDiscussionAnalyzingtheDataTrytopresentthebasicprinciples,factualrelationships,andsuccessfulgeneralizationsoftheresults.Bearinmindthat,inagooddiscussion,whatyouneedtodoistodiscussbutnotreulatetheresults.

PointingoutDoubtsPointoutanyexceptionsoranylackofcorrelation,anddefineunsettledpointsordoubts,thelimitations,failures,aswellaspointsforattention,ifany.

2021/5/912SectionofDiscussionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofDiscussionExpoundingViewpointsGiveyourjudgment,evaluation,analysis,andshowhowyourresultsandinterpretationsagree(orcontrast)withpreviouslypublishedwork.StatingtheSignificancePointoutthetheoreticalimplicationsofyourwork,aswellasanypossiblepracticalapplications.ArrivingataConclusion

Providetheoutcomeand/ortheend-resultsoftheresearch,etc.,asclearlyaspossible,andsummarizeyourevidenceforeachconclusivestatement.

2021/5/913SectionofDiscussionWritingRequirementsforDiscussion

TosufficientlyanalyzethepresenteddataandpointoutthefactualrelationshipsTofullyreviewwhattheauthorhasdoneinhisworkToadmithisweakpointsorfailurefrankly,ifanyTousebriefandforcefulexpressionsNevertowritemorewordsthannecessary2021/5/914SectionofConclusionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofConclusion

SummingupTobeapartwithitsmainfunctionofsummarizingthechiefpiecesofpurefacts,dataandinformationinthepaperToactuallysummarize,withdueemphasis,theprincipalitemsofinformationinthemainbodyofthepaperToincludeonlymaterialthatappearedearlierinanexpandedform2021/5/915SectionofConclusionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofConclusion

StatementofConclusionsConvictionsbasedonevidenceTofollowlogicallyfromthedatapresentedactuallyinthemainbodyofthepaperToagreewithwhateveryoumayhavepromisedtotestifyintheintroduction

2021/5/916SectionofConclusionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofConclusion

StatementofRecommendationsAppearlessfrequentlyinprofessionalpapersthanin,say,technicalreportsTobesurethattheyfollowlogicallyfromthedataandconclusionspresentedearlierNottodangleasproposalsthatyouthinkaregoodbutforwhichyouhavegivennosupportingevidence,Neverclashwithwhatyoumayhaveexpectedtodoinyourintroduction

2021/5/917SectionofConclusionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofConclusion

GracefulTermination

TobeachievedwhenallthematerialsoftheconclusionaresmoothlywoventogetherandsatisfactorilyroundoffthewholeBeonguardagainstduplicatinglargeportionoftheintroductionintheconclusion.Verbatimrepetitioncanbeboringandevencreateafalseunity,whichisdefinitelynocomplimenttotheauthor’ssuccess.

2021/5/918SectionofConclusionRequirementsforWritingaConclusion

Becarefulnottodrawconclusionsfromdatainvolvingerrorsofobservation,errorsinarithmetic,compensatingerrors,systematicandpersonalerrors.Donotusemathematicalformulaswithoutclearlyunderstandingoftheirderivationsandalltheassumptionsinvolved.Becautiousincomparingconclusionsbaseduponexperimentsinwhichtheinfluentialconditionshavebeenimproperlycontrolled,andthereforenotduplicated.

2021/5/919SectionofConclusionRequirementsforWritingaConclusion

Avoidconfusingfactswithopinionsofinfluences,notonlyintheinvestigationitselfbutalsoinpreparingresultsforpublication.Donotdrawaconclusionfromtoofewdata,ortoobroadaconclusionthatisbasedonextrapolatedcurves.Guardagainstfailingtoqualifyaconclusion,inordertoshowthelimitswithinwhichitapplies,orthevariationwhichistobeexpected.Whenyouindulgeinaspeculation,besuretoremindyourreadertoknowthatitremainsaspeculation.

2021/5/920SectionofConclusionEx.8-2Title:ProductionmanagementSystemsforOne-of-a-kindProductsConcludingtheabovediscussion,wemaystatethefollowing:

－Informationoncustomer-orderspecificproductsshouldbedistinguishedsharplyfrominformationonanonymousproducts.

－Informationsystemsinthecustomer-orderdrivenpartofthesupplychainshouldfirstofallsupportthecreationofcustomer-orderspecificinformationbyqualifiedengineers.

－Largeinvestmentsmadeinproductsorprocessesshouldbereflectedintheinformationsystembyautomaticgenerationofcustomer-orderspecificinformation.

2021/5/921SectionofConclusionUsefulExpressionsinWritingaConclusion

Ourargumentproceedsin…Onthebasisof…,thefollowingconclusioncanbemade…Theresearchworkhasbroughtaboutadiscoveryof…Finallyasummaryisgivenof…Thesefindingsoftheresearchhaveledtheauthortoconclusionthat…

Theresearchhasresultedinasolutionof…

2021/5/922SectionofConclusionUsefulExpressionsinWritingaConclusion

From…,wenowconclude…Tosumup,wehaverevealed…Wehavedemonstratedinthispaper…Theresultsoftheexperimentindicate…Inconclusion,theresultshows…Wehavedescribed…,wefound…2021/5/923SpecialAttention:Conciseness:(1)Brieftothepoint;containingfewwords;employingasfewwordsaspossibleEconomyofwordsandspacebutaccuracyandeffectivenessinstatingthingsNotcontainexcessivewords,noredundantsentencesorparagraphs

2021/5/924SpecialAttention:Conciseness:(1)usingnon-finitesusingreplacementofattributesusingadverbsusingnounsusingadjectivesusingprepositionalphrasesusingellipticalformsusingtechnicaltermsusingcontractedwordsdeletingredundantexpressions

2021/5/925SpecialAttention:Conciseness:(1)UsingNon-finitesAfullsentence:

Ifyoulookcarefully,youwilldiscoverevenmorewaystoshortenthesentenceswithoutchangingtheirmeaning.Aconcisesentence:

Lookingcarefully,youwilldiscoverevenmorewaystoshortenthesentenceswithoutchangingtheirmeaning.(participialphrase)Afullsentence:

Inourexperiment,weusedanumberofprobes.Thereasonforthatwastoeliminatetheproblemsanderrorsassociatedwithchemicalanalysis.

Aconcisesentence:

Inourexperiment,weusedanumberofprobessoasto

eliminatetheproblemsanderrorsassociatedwithchemicalanalysis.(infinitivephrase)2021/5/926SpecialAttention:Conciseness:(1)UsingNon-finitesAfullsentence:

InadditiontobankloanintheEurodollarmarket,BellSouthcanconsiderthatthecompanyusesadomesticloan.Aconcisesentence:

InadditiontobankloanintheEurodollarmarket,BellSouthcanco