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Unit8Result,DiscussionandConclusion2021/5/91TopicalHighlightsSectionofResults:generalfunctionsandcontentsofresults,writingrequirementsforresults,examplesandsomeusefulexpressionsSectionofDiscussion:generalfunctionsandmainelementsofdiscussion,writingrequirementsfordiscussionSectionofConclusion:generalfunctionsandmainelementsofconclusion,requirementsforwritingaconclusion,samplesforconclusionandusefulexpressionsinwritingaconclusionSpecialAttention:conciseness(1)–usingnon-finites,usingreplacementofattributes,usingadverbs
2021/5/92Section
ofResults
GeneralFunctionsandContentsofResults
Liesinthevalueofitsfinalresultsandtheauthor’sinterpretationoftheresultsTobringaboutasolidfoundationonwhichthewholepaperrestsTopresenttheessentialresultsanddataandthengeneralizethemtoatheoreticalheightFullpresentationofthespecificdataoftheworkanddetailedanalysisoftheresults2021/5/93SectionofResultsWritingRequirementsforResults
Anydatashowninthissectionmustbemeaningful.Onlythosethataffectthereactionortheconclusioncanbecometheterminatingdata.Whilethosewithnomeaningfulfunctionsshouldneverappearinthissection.Thefoolcollectsfacts;thewisemanselectsthem.(Dr.JolinPowell)2021/5/94SectionofResultsWritingRequirementsforResults
Thepresentationofresultsshouldbeshortwithoutverbiageandbeofcrystalclarity.ItisclearlyshowninTable1thattheinformationdesiregrowswiththedevelopmentofindustry.Theinformationdesiregrowswiththedevelopmentofindustry(Table1).2021/5/95SectionofResultsWritingRequirementsforResults
Althoughthepresentationofresultsisthemostimportantpartofapaper,itisoftentheshortestsection.Particularlyifitisprecededbyawell-writtenpartofExperimentorMaterialsandMethods,andfollowedbyawell-writtenpartofAnalysis,Discussion,SummaryorConclusion.Sometimes,theresultmaypossiblyhavejustonesentence:“TheresultsareshowninTable1(orFigure1)2021/5/96SectionofResultsEx.8-1
Theresultsoftheidentificationfunctionforthenasalconsonants,/n/and/m,thatwereincreasedindurationareillustratedinFigure1and2respectively.Theverticalaxisindicatesthepercentageofidentificationofamoraicandanon-moraicnasal.Thehorizontalaxisindicatestheratesofincreasednasalduration(rate1.0=theoriginalonsetnasaldurationin/nata/and/mapa/). Figure1:Identificationfunctionsforanasalconsonant/n/thatisincreasedinduration.(omitted) Figure2:Identificationfunctionsforanasalconsonant/m/thatisincreasedinduration.(omitted) AscanbeseenfromFigure1,whentheratereached1.4,amoraicnasalbegantoberecognized.Whenitexceeded2.4,itwasalwaysrecognized.Althoughtheratesweredifferent,thesameresultwasobservedinFigure2.2021/5/97SectionofResultsWritingRequirementsforResults
Listedbelowaresomeusefulexpressionsfrequentlyencounteredinthesectionofresult.Theresearchwehavedonesuggestsanincreasein…Asaresultofourexperimentsweconcludedthat…Thedirectoutcomewasthenreportedin…Sufficientresultfor…h(huán)asbeenobservedwiththenewmethod…Thisworkdidprovide…2021/5/98SectionofResultsWritingRequirementsforResults
Ourexperimentaldataarebrieflysummarizedasfollows…Thisfruitfulworkgivesanexplanationof…Figure3showstheresultsobtainedfromstudiesof…Table5presentsthedataprovidedbytheexperimentson…Thistablesummarizedthedatacollectedduringtheexperimentof…Mostrecentexperimentstothesameeffecthaveledtheauthorstobelievethat…2021/5/99SectionofDiscussionThemostdifficultsectiontowriteManysubmittedpapersarerejectedbytheeditorsbecauseofafaultydiscussion,eventhoughthedataofthepapermightbebothvalidandinteresting.Thetruemeaningofthedatainapapermaybecompletelyobscuredbytheinterpretationpresentedinthediscussion,againresultinginrejection.2021/5/910SectionofDiscussionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofDiscussion
ToexpoundtheinterrelationsamongtheobservedfactsToshowtherelationshipbetweenthefacts,theirunderlyingcauses,theireffects,andtheirtheoreticalimplicationsToexplainthefactsdenotedbysymbolsorsignsofmathematics2021/5/911SectionofDiscussionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofDiscussionAnalyzingtheDataTrytopresentthebasicprinciples,factualrelationships,andsuccessfulgeneralizationsoftheresults.Bearinmindthat,inagooddiscussion,whatyouneedtodoistodiscussbutnotreulatetheresults.
PointingoutDoubtsPointoutanyexceptionsoranylackofcorrelation,anddefineunsettledpointsordoubts,thelimitations,failures,aswellaspointsforattention,ifany.
2021/5/912SectionofDiscussionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofDiscussionExpoundingViewpointsGiveyourjudgment,evaluation,analysis,andshowhowyourresultsandinterpretationsagree(orcontrast)withpreviouslypublishedwork.StatingtheSignificancePointoutthetheoreticalimplicationsofyourwork,aswellasanypossiblepracticalapplications.ArrivingataConclusion
Providetheoutcomeand/ortheend-resultsoftheresearch,etc.,asclearlyaspossible,andsummarizeyourevidenceforeachconclusivestatement.
2021/5/913SectionofDiscussionWritingRequirementsforDiscussion
TosufficientlyanalyzethepresenteddataandpointoutthefactualrelationshipsTofullyreviewwhattheauthorhasdoneinhisworkToadmithisweakpointsorfailurefrankly,ifanyTousebriefandforcefulexpressionsNevertowritemorewordsthannecessary2021/5/914SectionofConclusionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofConclusion
SummingupTobeapartwithitsmainfunctionofsummarizingthechiefpiecesofpurefacts,dataandinformationinthepaperToactuallysummarize,withdueemphasis,theprincipalitemsofinformationinthemainbodyofthepaperToincludeonlymaterialthatappearedearlierinanexpandedform2021/5/915SectionofConclusionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofConclusion
StatementofConclusionsConvictionsbasedonevidenceTofollowlogicallyfromthedatapresentedactuallyinthemainbodyofthepaperToagreewithwhateveryoumayhavepromisedtotestifyintheintroduction
2021/5/916SectionofConclusionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofConclusion
StatementofRecommendationsAppearlessfrequentlyinprofessionalpapersthanin,say,technicalreportsTobesurethattheyfollowlogicallyfromthedataandconclusionspresentedearlierNottodangleasproposalsthatyouthinkaregoodbutforwhichyouhavegivennosupportingevidence,Neverclashwithwhatyoumayhaveexpectedtodoinyourintroduction
2021/5/917SectionofConclusionGeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofConclusion
GracefulTermination
TobeachievedwhenallthematerialsoftheconclusionaresmoothlywoventogetherandsatisfactorilyroundoffthewholeBeonguardagainstduplicatinglargeportionoftheintroductionintheconclusion.Verbatimrepetitioncanbeboringandevencreateafalseunity,whichisdefinitelynocomplimenttotheauthor’ssuccess.
2021/5/918SectionofConclusionRequirementsforWritingaConclusion
Becarefulnottodrawconclusionsfromdatainvolvingerrorsofobservation,errorsinarithmetic,compensatingerrors,systematicandpersonalerrors.Donotusemathematicalformulaswithoutclearlyunderstandingoftheirderivationsandalltheassumptionsinvolved.Becautiousincomparingconclusionsbaseduponexperimentsinwhichtheinfluentialconditionshavebeenimproperlycontrolled,andthereforenotduplicated.
2021/5/919SectionofConclusionRequirementsforWritingaConclusion
Avoidconfusingfactswithopinionsofinfluences,notonlyintheinvestigationitselfbutalsoinpreparingresultsforpublication.Donotdrawaconclusionfromtoofewdata,ortoobroadaconclusionthatisbasedonextrapolatedcurves.Guardagainstfailingtoqualifyaconclusion,inordertoshowthelimitswithinwhichitapplies,orthevariationwhichistobeexpected.Whenyouindulgeinaspeculation,besuretoremindyourreadertoknowthatitremainsaspeculation.
2021/5/920SectionofConclusionEx.8-2Title:ProductionmanagementSystemsforOne-of-a-kindProductsConcludingtheabovediscussion,wemaystatethefollowing:
-Informationoncustomer-orderspecificproductsshouldbedistinguishedsharplyfrominformationonanonymousproducts.
-Informationsystemsinthecustomer-orderdrivenpartofthesupplychainshouldfirstofallsupportthecreationofcustomer-orderspecificinformationbyqualifiedengineers.
-Largeinvestmentsmadeinproductsorprocessesshouldbereflectedintheinformationsystembyautomaticgenerationofcustomer-orderspecificinformation.
2021/5/921SectionofConclusionUsefulExpressionsinWritingaConclusion
Ourargumentproceedsin…Onthebasisof…,thefollowingconclusioncanbemade…Theresearchworkhasbroughtaboutadiscoveryof…Finallyasummaryisgivenof…Thesefindingsoftheresearchhaveledtheauthortoconclusionthat…
Theresearchhasresultedinasolutionof…
2021/5/922SectionofConclusionUsefulExpressionsinWritingaConclusion
From…,wenowconclude…Tosumup,wehaverevealed…Wehavedemonstratedinthispaper…Theresultsoftheexperimentindicate…Inconclusion,theresultshows…Wehavedescribed…,wefound…2021/5/923SpecialAttention:Conciseness:(1)Brieftothepoint;containingfewwords;employingasfewwordsaspossibleEconomyofwordsandspacebutaccuracyandeffectivenessinstatingthingsNotcontainexcessivewords,noredundantsentencesorparagraphs
2021/5/924SpecialAttention:Conciseness:(1)usingnon-finitesusingreplacementofattributesusingadverbsusingnounsusingadjectivesusingprepositionalphrasesusingellipticalformsusingtechnicaltermsusingcontractedwordsdeletingredundantexpressions
2021/5/925SpecialAttention:Conciseness:(1)UsingNon-finitesAfullsentence:
Ifyoulookcarefully,youwilldiscoverevenmorewaystoshortenthesentenceswithoutchangingtheirmeaning.Aconcisesentence:
Lookingcarefully,youwilldiscoverevenmorewaystoshortenthesentenceswithoutchangingtheirmeaning.(participialphrase)Afullsentence:
Inourexperiment,weusedanumberofprobes.Thereasonforthatwastoeliminatetheproblemsanderrorsassociatedwithchemicalanalysis.
Aconcisesentence:
Inourexperiment,weusedanumberofprobessoasto
eliminatetheproblemsanderrorsassociatedwithchemicalanalysis.(infinitivephrase)2021/5/926SpecialAttention:Conciseness:(1)UsingNon-finitesAfullsentence:
InadditiontobankloanintheEurodollarmarket,BellSouthcanconsiderthatthecompanyusesadomesticloan.Aconcisesentence:
InadditiontobankloanintheEurodollarmarket,BellSouthcanco
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