2021屆湖南省湖湘名校教育聯(lián)合體高三上學(xué)期入學(xué)考試英語試題（解析版）聽力

湖湘名校教育聯(lián)合體·2021屆高三入學(xué)摸底考試英語試題本試卷共8頁。全卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試題和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhoisSue?A.Theman'swife.B.Theman'ssister.C.Theman'sdaughter.2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttowatch?A.News.B.AnimalWorld.C.Themovie.3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthetrip?A.Exciting.B.Notinteresting.C.Challenging.4.Wherearethetwospeakers?A.InWestStreet.B.InSouthStreet.C.Attherailwaystation.5.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A.Readoutside.B.Stayinside.C.Jointheman.第二節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthewomanfeelwhenthemansayshehaswaitedoveranhour?A.Unhappy.B.Amused.C.Surprised.7.Whydoesthemanhavetowaitsolong?A.Thereisnobus.B.Hemissedabus.C.Itistoocold.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatcanweknowabouttheman?A.Hewillstayatthehotelalone.B.Hewillstayatthehotelwithhisfriend.C.Hewillstayatthehotelwithhisfamily.9.Whendoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnApril21.10.Whereisthemannow?A.Atthehotel.B.Attheairport.C.Inanothercity.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthewomanwanttheboytodofirst?A.Dosomecleaning.B.Finishhishomework.C.Playoutside.12.Whichisoneofthethingstheboyhastodo?A.Cleaningthebathroom.B.Pullingweeds.C.Wipingthewalls.13.Wherewillthewomanhewhiletheboydoeshiswork?A.Intheyard.B.Inthebedroom.C.Inthelivingroom.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Housingprices.B.Rentingahouse.C.Buyingahouse.15.Whatdoesthemanthinktheyshoulddofirst?A.Lookforahouseonline.B.Thinkabouttheneighborhood.C.Learnabouthousingprices.16.Whomostlikelyarethetwospeakers?A.Ayoungcouple.B.Anoldcouple.C.Neighbors.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatneedn'tstudentsdoindistanceeducation?ATheyneedn'tdoassignments.B.Theyneedn'tinteractwiththeteacher.C.Theyneedn'tgotoaregularclassroom.18.Whatcanstudentsdothroughtextorvoicechat?A.Shareideas.B.GetInternettools.C.Learnattheirownpace.19.Whichisoneoftheadvantagesofdistanceeducation?A.Youcankeepyourjob.B.Youdon'thavetotaketests.C.Therearenoacademicgoals.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.TheadvantagesoftheInternet.B.Theadvantagesofdistanceeducation.C.Thedisadvantagesoftraditionalschools.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C、和D)中，選出最佳選項。ATriptoItalyforSpring2019/Fall2019TransferStudents!Don'tmissyourchancetoexploreoneoftheworld'smostdistinctivecountrieswherehistory,cultureandcuisinebineforanunforgettableexperience!Viewfamousart,visithistoricsites,discoveruniqueneighborhoodsandoutdoormarkets,andrelaxinanoutdoorcafe.Thetripwillconsistof3-4daysinRomefollowedbybustransportationtoFlorencefor3-4days.Additionally,aone-daytriptoSienna,PisaorSanGimignanowillbeincluded.Topicstobecoveredduringthetripinclude:CultureandLanguage,Art,LiteratureandHistory.●Whatdoesthetripexperienceinclude?RoundtripairfareandgroundtransportationProgrammedactivitiesTotalvalueoftheprogramismorethan$2,800,butisofferedtofull-timeSpring2019/Fall2019transfersforonly$550.●Whoiseligible(符合條件)forthetrip?AllnewtransferstudentswhoenterArcadiainSpring2019/Fall2019canparticipateintheprogram.●Whowillacpanytransferstudents?Eachgroupof20transferstudentswilltravelabroadwithonefaculty(教員)andonestaffmember.●Isthisprogramrestrictedtostudentsinspecificmajors?Theprogramisopentotransferstudentsinallmajors.ContactColleneHareat215-572-2840orformoreinformation.1.WhichofthefollowingiswhatthestudentswilldoinItaly?A.GotoFlorencebyair B.StayinRomemostofthetime.C.VisitSienna,PisaandSanGimignano. D.GotoFlorenceaftertheirtourofRome.2.HowwillthestudentsgotoItaly?A.Byplane. B.Byship.C.Bybus. D.Bytrain.3.Whomistheprogramfor?A.AlltransferstudentsinArcadia. B.NewtransferstudentsinArcadia.C.StudentsofallmajorsinArcadia. D.StudentsandteachersinArcadia.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】本文是應(yīng)用文。這篇文章是關(guān)于2019年春季或秋季新轉(zhuǎn)入Acadia的轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)生到意大利之行的介紹?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thetripwillconsistof3-4daysinRomefollowedbybustransportationtoFlorencefor3-4days.Additionally,aone-daytriptoSienna,PisaorSanGimignanowillbeincluded.”（行程包括在羅馬3—4天，然后乘公交車到佛羅倫薩3—4天。此外，還將包括到Sienna,Pisa或者SanGimignano一日游。）”可知，在羅馬的行程后，是坐公交車到Florence。選項C錯誤的原因是文章中提到的是aone-daytriptoSienna,PisaorSanGimignano…,是or（或者）不是and。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatdoesthetripexperienceinclude?部分中“Roundtripairfareandgroundtransportation”行程包括往返機票和地面交通。由此可知，學(xué)生到意大利是乘坐飛機。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whoiseligible(符合條件)forthetrip?部分中“AllnewtransferstudentswhoenterArcadiainSpring2019/Fall2019canparticipateintheprogram.”可知，所有在2019年春季或秋季進入Arcadia的新轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)生都可以參加該項目。故選B項。BIwastravelingwithstudentsinBarcelona,walkingthroughthefamousstreetLaRambla,whenInoticedtwoguysmakingfunofme.Icouldseetheminthereflectionofamirroredbuilding,makinggestureswiththeirhandstosuggesthowmuchbiggerIwasthanthethingirlstandingnexttome.Theypaintedherfigureintheairlikeanhourglass.Thentheypaintedmyshapelikeaball.Theyweresayingsomething,too,buttherewasonlyonewordIcouldmakeout:Gorda.Fatwoman.I'vebeenhearingmentslikethisformuchallmylife.Maybesomeoneelsewouldhaveyelledatthem,orshrunkinside.ButIdon'tgetupsetwhenthishappens.Ipulledoutmycamera,andsetupashoot.IsuspectthatifImetwiththesenarrow-mindedpeople,mywordswouldhavenoeffect.So,ratherthanusingtheattackers'actionstobeatmyselfup,Ijustprovethemwrong.Thecameragavememyvoice.Foraboutayear,I'dbeentakingpicturesofstrangers'reactionstomeinpublicforaseriesIcalled"WaitWatchers."MygoalistocaptureawiderangeofsocialgroupssoItravelasmuchasIcan.I'vephotographedinSpain,Peru,Chicago,NewYorkandMemphis.Isetupmycamerainplainsightonatripod(三腳架)orbench,oranassistantwilltakehundredsofphotographsinseveralminutes.IthenbtheimagestoseeifIcapturedareaction.AndIdon'tgethurtwhenIlookattheimages.IfeellikeIampushingthestarebackontothemtoletpeopleseetheirstare.I'mfinewithwhoIamanddon'tneedanyone'sapprovaltolivemylife.IonlygetangrywhenIhearsomeonementaboutmyweightbutIdon'tgettheshot.Sincetheprojectstartedgettingmediaattention,I'vereceivedhundredsofemailsfrompeoplethankingme.Therearesomanypeopleintheworldwhofeeltheyhavetherighttocriticizesomeoneforthewaytheylook.Igotanemailfroma15-year-oldgirlinBelgiumwhosaidmyimagesmadeher-feelbetterandnotcareaboutwhatothersthink."Thatmademeproud.Asforwhattheimagesmean,viewersmayinterprettheimagesastheyseefit.I'mjusttryingtostartaconversation.4.Wherewerethetwoguyswhentheauthornoticedthem?A.Outsidethebuilding. B.Onthetopofthebuilding.C.Nexttoamirrorinthebuilding. D.Infrontofamirrorinthebuilding.5.Whatdoestheauthorintendtogetwithhercamera?A.Picturesofstrangers. B.Picturesofsocialgroups.C.Reactionstoherfromstudents. D.Reactionstoherfromvariouspeople.6.WhatcanheinferredaboutthegirlinBelgium?A.Shepaysnoattentiontowhatothersthinkabout.B.Sheisoftenmadefunofforherappearance.C.Sherealizeshermakingfunofothersiswrong.D.Sheisbeginningtofeelproudofherappearance.7.Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelwhenshewrotethisarticle?A.Upset. B.Guilty. C.Unlucky. D.Confident.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者在本文中敘述她如何用照相機作為反擊的武器，將那些在公共場所嘲笑她肥胖的人拍下來，公布于眾，用此方法暴露對方不文明、不尊重他人的行為。短文的主線貫穿著作者一種自信：身體肥胖并非錯，錯的是那些嘲笑別人肥胖的人?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中IwastravelingwithstudentsinBarcelona,walkingthroughthefamousstreetLaRambla,whenInoticedtwoguysmakingfunofme.Icouldseetheminthereflectionofamirroredbuilding,makinggestureswiththeirhandstosuggesthowmuchbiggerIwasthanthethingirlstandingnexttome.可知我和學(xué)生們在巴塞羅那旅行，走在著名的蘭布拉大街上，這時我注意到有兩個家伙在取笑我。我能從一個鏡面建筑的倒影中看到他們，用他們的手做著手勢，暗示我比站在我旁邊的瘦女孩要胖得多。由此可知，作者注意到這兩個人的時候，他們在大樓外面。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中Foraboutayear,I'dbeentakingpicturesofstrangers'reactionstomeinpublicforaseriesIcalled"WaitWatchers."可知大約有一年的時間，我一直在拍攝陌生人在公共場合對我的反應(yīng)，我稱之為“等待觀察者”。由此可知，作者想用她的相機得到不同的人對她的反應(yīng)。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Igotanemailfroma15-year-oldgirlinBelgiumwhosaidmyimagesmadeher-feelbetterandnotcareaboutwhatothersthink.可知我收到一封來自比利時的15歲女孩的電子郵件，她說我的照片讓她感覺更好，不關(guān)心別人怎么想。由此可推知，那個在比利時的女孩常因外表而被人取笑。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中IsuspectthatifImetwiththesenarrow-mindedpeople,mywordswouldhavenoeffect.So,ratherthanusingtheattackers'actionstobeatmyselfup,Ijustprovethemwrong.(我懷疑，如果我遇到這些小心眼的人，我的話不會起作用。所以，我不是利用攻擊者的行為來打擊自己，而是要證明他們是錯的)；倒數(shù)第二段AndIdon'tgethurtwhenIlookattheimages.IfeellikeIampushingthestarebackontothemtoletpeopleseetheirstare.I'mfinewithwhoIamanddon'tneedanyone'sapprovaltolivemylife.IonlygetangrywhenIhearsomeonementaboutmyweightbutIdon'tgettheshot.(當(dāng)我看這些照片的時候，我不會受傷。我覺得我把他們盯著看的目光推到了他們身上，讓人們看到他們盯著看的目光。我接受自己，不需要任何人的認(rèn)可來過我的生活。我只有在聽到別人對我體重的評論時才會生氣，但我沒有機會)以及最后一段中Thatmademeproud.(這讓我感到驕傲)由此可推知，作者在寫這篇文章的時候可能感覺很自信。故選D。CLongbefore"digital"and"native"werewordsthatcouldreasonablyfitintothesamesentence,kidshadadventuresinthegreatoutdoors-thesortofnature-filledadventuresfilmmakerPaulWardexperiencedasachildgrowinguponafarm."Unfortunately,childrentodaydon'thavethesameexposuretonature,"saysthefatherofEstella,nine,andSylvie,seven."Instead,thesedigitalnativesareoftengluedtotheirscreens."Wantingtoreconnectthisyounggenerationwiththeoutsideworld-viaamediumthatthey'refamiliarwith-WardteamedupwithfilmproducerVickyPopetocreateWildEyes,awebsitethatusestechnologytohelpchildrentogetintouchwithnature.WardandPopespenttwoyearsdevelopingWildEyes,whichrequiresuserstopleteinterestingtasksinnature,suchassettingupcamporfindingacertainkindofbird.Onceachallengeisplete,theplayeruploadsaphototothewebsitetoearnonlineencouragementand"likes"fromotherplayers."It'sallaboutinteractingwithkidsontheirownterms,"saysWard.Ward,whospentalmosttwoyearsworkingasaproducerfortheDiscoveryChannelinLosAngeles,saystheresponsesofarhasbeenpositive."We'vehadmorethan15,000sitevisitorstodate,whichisreallyencouraging."BothWardandPopeareworkinghardtoensureallthetasksareaffordableandadaptableforboththehomeandclassroom.Theybelievethere'salsoafuturebenefittoturningsquareeyesintowildeyes."AsDavidAttenboroughsays,peoplewillonlyprotectwhattheycareaboutandthey'llonlycareaboutwhatthey'veexperienced,"hesays."Givensomuchofourlivesarelivedonline,ifwecareaboutlookingafterournaturalworld,it'simportantweprovideattractivedigitalexperiencesthatengageyoungkidswithnature."8.HowwasWard'schildhooddifferentfromhischildren's?A.Hedidalotofoutdooractivities. B.Hisvocabularywaslimited.C.Heseldomplayedinthewild. D.HehadnoputerorTVset.9.WhatdochildrendoonWildEyes?A.Expandtheirknowledgeaboutnature. B.pletetheirtasksgivenbythewebsite.C.Sharetheiroutdooractivitieswithothers. D.Participateinactivitiesorganizedbythewebsite.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"squareeyes"inparagraph7referto?A.Anactivitythatrequireshardwork. B.Anactivitythatisaffordableandadaptable.C.Apersonspendingalotoftimeinnature. D.Apersonspendingtoomuchtimeonthescreen.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ExperiencingtheGreatOutdoors B.KeepingawayfromtheScreenC.biningtheScreenwithNature D.LookingaftertheNaturalWorld【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了網(wǎng)站W(wǎng)ildEyes，該網(wǎng)站將網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動與戶外活動相結(jié)合，讓沉湎網(wǎng)絡(luò)的孩子去了解和親近自然?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Longbefore"digital"and"native"werewordsthatcouldreasonablyfitintothesamesentence,kidshadadventuresinthegreatoutdoors-thesortofnature-filledadventuresfilmmakerPaulWardexperiencedasachildgrowinguponafarm.(早在“digital”和“native”這兩個詞還沒出現(xiàn)在同一個句子里的時候，孩子們就已經(jīng)在戶外探險了——這是電影制片人PaulWard小時候在農(nóng)場里經(jīng)歷的充滿自然的冒險)以及第二段"Unfortunately,childrentodaydon'thavethesameexposuretonature,"saysthefatherofEstella,nine,andSylvie,seven."Instead,thesedigitalnativesareoftengluedtotheirscreens."(“不幸的是，如今的孩子們沒有像現(xiàn)在這樣接觸到大自然，”九歲的Estella和七歲的Sylvie的父親說，“相反，這些數(shù)字原生代往往是黏在他們的屏幕上?！?由此可知，Ward的童年和他的孩子們的不同之處在于他做了很多戶外活動。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段WardandPopespenttwoyearsdevelopingWildEyes,whichrequiresuserstopleteinterestingtasksinnature,suchassettingupcamporfindingacertainkindofbird.Onceachallengeisplete,theplayeruploadsaphototothewebsitetoearnonlineencouragementand"likes"fromotherplayers.可知Ward和Pope花了兩年時間開發(fā)“WildEyes”，它要求使用者完成一些有趣的自然任務(wù)，比如搭帳篷或者找到某種鳥。一旦挑戰(zhàn)完成，玩家就會在網(wǎng)站上上傳一張照片，以獲得其他玩家的鼓勵和“贊”。由此可知，孩子們可以在WildEyes上與他人分享戶外活動。故選C?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中"Givensomuchofourlivesarelivedonline,ifwecareaboutlookingafterournaturalworld,it'simportantweprovideattractivedigitalexperiencesthatengageyoungkidswithnature."可知“鑒于我們的生活中有那么多是在網(wǎng)上度過的，如果我們關(guān)心愛護我們的自然世界，提供吸引孩子們與自然接觸的數(shù)字體驗就很重要了?！庇纱丝芍?，Ward和Pope開發(fā)WildEyes的目的就是為了讓孩子們?nèi)ソ佑|自然，不要花太多的時間在電腦屏幕上，即squareeyes與thescreen有關(guān)，wildeyes與nature有關(guān)，所以劃線短語所在句的意思是將一個人花在電腦屏幕上的時間，花到去接觸自然界中。故劃線短語意思為“一個人花太多時間在屏幕上”。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段Wantingtoreconnectthisyounggenerationwiththeoutsideworld-viaamediumthatthey'refamiliarwith-WardteamedupwithfilmproducerVickyPopetocreateWildEyes,awebsitethatusestechnologytohelpchildrentogetintouchwithnature.可知為了讓年輕一代通過他們熟悉的媒介重新接觸外面的世界，沃德與電影制片人VickyPope合作創(chuàng)建了一個名為WildEyes的網(wǎng)站，該網(wǎng)站利用科技幫助孩子們接觸大自然。結(jié)合本文主要介紹了網(wǎng)站W(wǎng)ildEyes。該網(wǎng)站將網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動與戶外活動相結(jié)合，讓沉湎網(wǎng)絡(luò)的孩子去了解和親近自然。由此可知，C選項“屏幕與自然相結(jié)合”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。DTolearnnewthings,wemustsometimesfail.Butwhat'stherightamountoffailure?NewresearchledbytheUniversityofArizonaproposesamathematicalanswertothatquestion.Educatorshavelongrecognizedthatthereissomethingofa"sweetspot"whenitestolearning.Thatis,welearnbestwhenwearechallengedtograspsomethingjustoutsideofourexistingknowledge.Whenachallengeistoosimple,wedon'tlearnanythingnew;likewise,wedon'texpandourknowledgewhenachallengeissodifficultthatwefailentirelyorgiveup.Sowheredoesthesweetspotlie?Accordingtothenewstudy,it'swhenfailureoccurs15%ofthetime.Putanotherway,it'swhentherightanswerisgiven85%ofthetime.ResearchersattheUniversityofArizonacameupwiththeso-called"85%Rule"afterconductingaseriesofmachine-learningexperimentsinwhichtheytaughtputerssimpletasks,suchasclassifyingdifferentpatternsintooneoftwocategories.Theputerslearnedfastestinsituationsinwhichthedifficultywassuchthattheyrespondedwith85%accuracy."Ifyouhaveanerrorrateof15%oraccuracyof85%,youarealwaysmaximizingyourrateoflearninginthesetwo-choicetasks,"saidProfessorRobertWilson.Whenwethinkabouthowhumanslearn,the85%Rulewouldmostlylikelyapplytoperceptual(感知的)learning,inwhichwegraduallylearnthroughexperienceandexamples,Wilsonsaid.Imagine,forinstance,aradiologist(放射科醫(yī)生)learningtotellthedifferencebetweenimagesoftumors(腫瘤)andnon-tumors."Youneedexamplestogetbetteratfiguringoutthere'satumorinanimage,"Wilsonsaid."IfIgivereallyeasyexamples,youget100%rightallthetimeandthere'snothinglefttolearn.You'renotgoingtobetakingasmuchfromthatasasituationwhereyouarestrugglingalittlehit.IfIgivereallyhardexamples,you'llhe50%correctandstillnotlearninganythingnew,whileifIgiveyousomethinginbetween,youcanheatthissweetspotwhereyouaregettingthemostinformationfromeachparticularexample."12.Whichofthefollowingislinkedwiththesweetspot?A.15percentaccuracy. B.50percentaccuracy.C.85percentaccuracy. D.100percentright.13.Whydidtheresearchersteachputerssimpletasks?A.Tofindoutwherethesweetspotlies. B.Toseehowwellputerscarryouttasks.C.Toparetheresultsoftheirexperiments. D.Toconductsomeresearchonmachinelearning.14.Whatisthepurposeofthe"examples"mentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toteachwhattodointhetreatmentoftumors. B.Toteachhowtodeterminethereisatumor.C.Tohelptorememberwhatislearned. D.Tohelptolearnhowatumordevelops.15.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemosteffectivewayoflearning?A.Nottakingfailuretooseriously. B.Learningthroughexperienceandexamples.C.Strugglingalittlebit,butnottoomuch. D.Learningthingsthatarepletelynew.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了學(xué)習(xí)的“八五定律”。學(xué)習(xí)的“最佳點”是百分之八十五的正確率，百分之十五的失敗率，也就是說這時的學(xué)習(xí)效果最佳。學(xué)習(xí)太容易或太難都會導(dǎo)致學(xué)不到多少知識?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Sowheredoesthesweetspotlie?Accordingtothenewstudy,it'swhenfailureoccurs15%ofthetime.Putanotherway,it'swhentherightanswerisgiven85%ofthetime.可知那么，最佳點在哪里呢？根據(jù)這項新的研究，失敗發(fā)生的幾率為15%。換句話說，就是85%的情況下給出了正確答案。由此可知，C選項“85%的準(zhǔn)確率”與最佳點有關(guān)。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段ResearchersattheUniversityofArizonacameupwiththeso-called"85%Rule"afterconductingaseriesofmachine-learningexperimentsinwhichtheytaughtputerssimpletasks,suchasclassifyingdifferentpatternsintooneoftwocategories.(亞利桑那大學(xué)的研究人員在進行了一系列機器學(xué)習(xí)實驗后，提出了所謂的“85%規(guī)則”。在實驗中，他們向計算機教授一些簡單的任務(wù)，比如把不同的模式分成兩類)；第五段Theputerslearnedfastestinsituationsinwhichthedifficultywassuchthattheyrespondedwith85%accuracy.(在困難程度很高的情況下，計算機的反應(yīng)速度最快，準(zhǔn)確率達到85%)以及第六段"Ifyouhaveanerrorrateof15%oraccuracyof85%,youarealwaysmaximizingyourrateoflearninginthesetwo-choicetasks,"saidProfessorRobertWilson.(RobertWilson教授說:“如果你的錯誤率為15%，準(zhǔn)確率為85%，那么你總是在最大化你的學(xué)習(xí)效率?！?由此可推知，研究人員教計算機簡單的任務(wù)，是為了找出最佳點在哪里。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Youneedexamplestogetbetteratfiguringoutthere'satumorinanimage,"Wilsonsaid."IfIgivereallyeasyexamples,youget100%rightallthetimeandthere'snothinglefttolearn.You'renotgoingtobetakingasmuchfromthatasasituationwhereyouarestrugglingalittlehit.IfIgivereallyhardexamples,you'llhe50%correctandstillnotlearninganythingnew,whileifIgiveyousomethinginbetween,youcanheatthissweetspotwhereyouaregettingthemostinformationfromeachparticularexample."可知“你需要例子來更好地辨別圖像中的腫瘤，”Wilson說。“如果我給出非常簡單的例子，你總是100%正確，就沒有什么要學(xué)的了。你不會從這種情況中獲得更多，因為你在這種情況下只會受到很少的打擊。如果我給出很難的例子，你會有50%的正確率，但仍然沒有學(xué)到任何新東西，而如果我給出介于兩者之間的例子，你就能從每個具體的例子中獲得最多的信息?！庇纱丝赏浦?，最后一段提到的“examples”的目的是教會學(xué)生如何確定腫瘤的存在。故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段"Ifyouhaveanerrorrateof15%oraccuracyof85%,youarealwaysmaximizingyourrateoflearninginthesetwo-choicetasks,"saidProfessorRobertWilson.可知RobertWilson教授說:“如果你的錯誤率為15%，準(zhǔn)確率為85%，那么你總是在最大化你的學(xué)習(xí)效率?！苯Y(jié)合本文本文主要介紹了學(xué)習(xí)的“八五定律”。學(xué)習(xí)的“最佳點”是百分之八十五的正確率，百分之十五的失敗率，也就是說這時的學(xué)習(xí)效果最佳。學(xué)習(xí)太容易或太難都會導(dǎo)致學(xué)不到多少知識。由此可推知，C選項“會有點掙扎，但不是太過分”是最有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whetheryouareanewblogger,oronethathasbeenbloggingforawhile,youareprobablywonderinghowtomakethebestofyourblog.____16____Bydoingso,youcangetyourblogknown,promoteaproductandgettheresultsyouareexpecting.Hereareseveralwaystodothis.Thefirststepistomakesurethatyourblogisupdatedfrequently.____17____Thiswillmakeahugeimpactonyourblog.Continuepostingasyoushouldasthisissomethingthatwillkeepattractingyourreaderstoyourblog.___18___Havingyourownlookisahugeplusintheblogmarketingworld.YoucanhaveyourownlookbyjustusingHTML,andadjustingthecodetosuityourtaste.Youaregoingtoseethatthiswilltrulymakeadifferencewithyourblog.Trytogetathemethatisgoingtomatchthemarketthatyouarepromotinginyourblog.Doingsowillmakeitlookevenmoreprofessional.Somethingelsethatwillhelpyouwithyourblogmarketingisexchanginglinkswithauthorityblogsthatareinyoursamemarket.____19____TheauthoritysitesarelistedhighinGoogle'ssearchresults.Howeverjustafewlinksarehardlyeverenoughtogetyourblogknown.Youwillneedtocontinuetoworkonyourblogandgetmorelinkstoitallofthetime.____20____Intheworldofblogs,mostblogownersarethankfulforalllinks,andarewillingtoreturnthefavor.Rememberthateffectiveblogmarketingrequirespersistenceandpatience.Justkeepworkingonit.Yourhardworkisgoingtopayoffandyouwillhegladthatyoudid.A.Makeyourblogdifferent.B.Themorethebetterinthiscase.C.Infact,thekeytothisistoblogeffectively.D.Meanwhile,heonguardagainstharmfullinks.E.Postinyourblogregularlyforthebestresults.F.Anotherimportantthingistomakeyourbloglooknice.G.Thisisanothergreatwaytogetthewordoutaboutyourblog.【答案】16.C17.E18.A19.G20.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。無論你是一個新博主，還是一個已經(jīng)寫了一段時間博客的人，你可能都想知道如何充分利用你的博客。文章主要說明了一些如何推廣博客的方法。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文Whetheryouareanewblogger,oronethathasbeenbloggingforawhile,youareprobablywonderinghowtomakethebestofyourblog.(無論你是一個新博主，還是一個已經(jīng)寫了一段時間博客的人，你可能都想知道如何充分利用你的博客)以及后文Bydoingso,youcangetyourblogknown,promoteaproductandgettheresultsyouareexpecting.(通過這樣做，你可以讓你的博客為人所知，推廣一種產(chǎn)品，并得到你期望的結(jié)果)由此可知，本句承上啟下說明充分利用博客的方法是什么，要想充分利用博客，關(guān)鍵是要有效地寫博客。故C選項“事實上，關(guān)鍵是有效地寫博客”符合語境，故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文Thefirststepistomakesurethatyourblogisupdatedfrequently.可知第一步是確保你的博客經(jīng)常更新。由此可知，本句承接上文進一步解釋說明，經(jīng)常更新就是指要經(jīng)常在博客上發(fā)帖。故E選項“經(jīng)常在你的博客上發(fā)帖，以獲得最好的效果”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文Havingyourownlookisahugeplusintheblogmarketingworld.YoucanhaveyourownlookbyjustusingHTML,andadjustingthecodetosuityourtaste.Youaregoingtoseethatthiswilltrulymakeadifferencewithyourblog.Trytogetathemethatisgoingtomatchthemarketthatyouarepromotinginyourblog.Doingsowillmakeitlookevenmoreprofessional.可知在博客營銷的世界里，擁有自己的形象是一個巨大的優(yōu)勢。只需使用HTML，并根據(jù)自己的喜好調(diào)整代碼，就可以擁有自己的外觀。你將會看到這將對你的博客產(chǎn)生真正的影響。試著在你的博客中找到一個與你所推廣的市場相匹配的主題。這樣做會讓它看起來更專業(yè)。由此可知，本段主要說明的是如何讓博客與眾不同，在外觀上吸引別人。故A選項“讓你的博客與眾不同”符合語境，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文Somethingelsethatwillhelpyouwithyourblogmarketingisexchanginglinkswithauthorityblogsthatareinyoursamemarket.可知另一種幫助你進行博客營銷的方法是與你所在市場的權(quán)威博客交換鏈接。由此可知，本句評價上文提到的這種方法——通過和權(quán)威博客交換鏈接，這是另一種傳播你博客信息的好方法。故G選項“這是另一種傳播你博客信息的好方法”符合語境，故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文Youwillneedtocontinuetoworkonyourblogandgetmorelinkstoitallofthetime.(你需要繼續(xù)努力，讓你的博客一直有更多的鏈接)以及后文Intheworldofblogs,mostblogownersarethankfulforalllinks,andarewillingtoreturnthefavor.(在博客的世界里，大多數(shù)博客所有者都感謝所有的鏈接，并愿意回報)由此可知，因為這種努力會取得回報，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)是鏈接越多越好。故B選項“在這種情況下，越多越好”符合語境，故選B。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Manypeoplesaythattheirchildhoodwasthehappiesttimeoftheirlives.But,thatwasnot___21___forme,atleastbetweentheagesof10to12.Iwaspractically____22____bymyparents,whoseemedonlyinterestedintheirnever-endingmoneymaking.Iwas____23____,aloneratschooltoo,dislikedbymyclassmatesforgettinggoodgrades.Longingfor____24____,Ifellintodepressionandstartedthinkingaboutdeath.Whileontheschoolfieldtrip,Ilostmyfootingandslippedintoamarsh(沼澤)andgotmy____25____muddy.Asluckwouldhaveit,outofnowhere,anangel,inthe____26____ofanativewoman，lentmeahelpinghand.She____27____metohersmallcottageandhelpedmechangemy____28____trousers.Shemademeeatfromwhatlittlefoodshehad,andtoldmefunnystories,____29____tocheermeup.Thatladysavedme.Shesavedmybeliefinthe____30____ofpeople.Icametoseethatnomatterwhathappens,therearegoodthingsintheworld,whichyoucan____31____forexistence.AnotherthingInoticedwasthatthelady,thoughshelivedin____32____surroundings,seemedhappy.Irealizedthatlifeisbeautifulifweloveit.Onlythosewhoare____33____theirlifecanreallyunderstandwhathappinessreallyis.Idroppedtheideaofendingmy____34____.ImustthankthatkindladyforwhatIhadneverexperiencedtillthen.____35____someone'slifewithkindnessisworthallthetreasureintheworld.21.A.precise B.acceptable C.new D.true22.A.controlled B.abused C.ignored D.missed23.A.careless B.purposeless C.friendless D.fearless24.A.freedom B.schooling C.money D.pany25.A.backpack B.trousers C.glasses D.coat26.A.form B.absence C.direction D.hope27.A.took B.followed C.pointed D.guided28.A.tight B.wet C.new D.worn29.A.attempting B.offering C.demanding D.helping30.A.honesty B.wisdom C.ability D.kindness31.A.devoteto B.contributeto C.relyon D.insiston32.A.unpleasant B.cosy C.unfamiliar D.natural33.A.seriousabout B.proudof C.busywith D.contentwith34.A.trip B.lessons C.life D.program35.A.Assessing B.Changing C.Creating D.Valuing【答案】21.D22.C23.C24.D25.B26.A27.A28.B29.A30.D31.C32.A33.D34.C35.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。童年并不幸福的作者，被父母忽視、沒有朋友，甚至被同學(xué)討厭，讓作者一度陷入了抑郁，想到結(jié)束生命。直到作者遇到了一個好心的婦女，婦女的善良改變了作者的生活，讓作者放棄了輕生的念頭。作者感謝她給了自己從未經(jīng)歷過的一切。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，這對我來說不是真的，至少對10到12歲的孩子來說不是。A.precise精確的；B.acceptable可接受的；C.new新的；D.true真實的。根據(jù)上文but表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，童年不是作者一生中最快樂的時光，所以這句話對作者來說并不是真的。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的父母實際上忽視了我，他們似乎只對他們永無止境的賺錢感興趣。A.controlled控制；B.abused虐待；C.ignored忽視；D.missed錯過。結(jié)合后文whoseemedonlyinterestedintheirnever-endingmoneymaking可知作者的父母只顧掙錢，忽視了作者。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒有朋友，在也是一個孤獨的人，因為成績好而被同學(xué)們討厭。A.careless粗心的；B.purposeless無目的的；C.friendless沒有朋友的；D.fearless無畏的。結(jié)合后文aloneratschooltoo可知作者沒有朋友，在也是孤獨一個人。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于渴望有人陪伴，我陷入了抑郁，并開始思考死亡。A.freedom自由；B.schooling教育；C.money錢；D.pany陪伴。結(jié)合上文可知作者被父母忽視、沒有朋友，還被同學(xué)討厭，所以作者是渴望陪伴的。故選D。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在郊游時，我失足滑進了沼澤地，把