十年高考閱讀理解

【十年高考】2005-2014年全國(guó)各地高考英語(yǔ)試題分類(lèi)匯編：說(shuō)明文

類(lèi)

Passage5

（06?廣東B卷）

ThesurveyaboutchildhoodintheThirdWorldshowsthatthestrugglefbrsurvival

islongandhard.Butintherichworld,childrencan36fromadifferentkindofpoverty

-ofthespirit.37,oneWesterncountryalonenowsees14,000attemptedsuicides（自

殺）everyyearbychildrenunder15,andonechild38fiveneedspsychiatric（，心

理）advice.

Therearemanygoodthingsabout39intheThirdWorld.Takethecloseand

constantrelationbetweenchildrenandtheirparents,relativesandneighboursforexample.In

theWest,theverynatureofworkputsdistancebetween40andchildren.Butinmost

ThirdWorldvillagesmotherandfatherdonotgomilesawayeachdaytoworkinoffices.

41,thechildseesmotherandfather,relationsandneighboursworking42andoften

sharesinthatwork.

Achild43inthiswaylearnshisorherrolethroughjoininginthe

community's44：helpingtodigorbuild,lookafteranimalsorbabies-ratherthan45

playingwithwaterandsandinkindergarten,keepingpets46playingwithdolls.

Thesechildrenmaygrowupwithalessoppressivesenseofspaceandtimethan

the47children.Theirsenseofdaysandtimehasalottodowiththechangeofseasons

andpositionsofthesunorthemooninthesky.Childrenintherichworld,48,are

providedwithawatchasoneofthe49signsofgrowingup,sothattheycan50

alongwiththeirparentsaboutbeinglateforschooltimes,mealtimes,bedtimes,thetimesof

TVshows,,,

ThirdWorldchildrendonotusually51tostayindoors,stilllessinhighrise

apartments（公寓）.Insteadofdangerousroads,nkeepoffthegrass"signsand"don'tspeakto

strangers11,thereisoftenasenseof52tostudyandplay.Parentscanseetheirchildren

outsideratherthanobservethem53fromtenfloorsup.

54,twelvemillionchildrenunderfivestilldieeveryyearthroughhungerand

disease.ButchildhoodintheThirdWorldisnotall55.

36.A.comeB.learnC.sufferD.survive

37.A.AsusualB.ForinstanceC.InfactD.Inotherwords

38.A.byB.inC.toD.under

39.A.childhoodB.povertyC.spiritD.survival

40.A.adultsB.fathersC.neighboursD.relatives

41.A.AnyhowB.HoweverC.InsteadD.Still

42.A.awayB.aloneC.alongD.nearby

43.A.growingupB.livingthroughC.playingD.working

44.A.activityB.lifeC.studyD.work

45.A.byB.fromC.throughD.with

46.A.andB.butC.orD.so

47.A.EasternB.goodC.poorD.Western

48.A.atanymomentB.atthesametimeC.ontheotherhandD.onthewhole

49.A.easiestB.earliestC.happiestD.quickest

50.A.careB.fearC.hurryD.worry

51.A.dareB.expectC.haveD.require

52.A.controlB.dangerC.disappointmentD.freedom

53.A.anxiouslyB.eagerlyC.impatientlyD.proudly

54.A.AboveallB.IntheendC.OfcourseD.Whafsmore

55.A.badB.goodC.richD.poor

答案36.C37.B38.B39.A40.A41.C42.D43.A44.D45.C46.C47.D

48.C49.B50.A51.C52.D53.A54.C55.A

Passage6

（06?安徽）

HaveyoueverhadtodecidewhethertogoshoppingorstayhomeandwatchTVona

weekend?Nowyou36dobothatthesametime.Homeshoppingtelevisionnetworks（網(wǎng)絡(luò)）

havebecomea37formanypeopletoshopwithout38havingtoleavetheirhomes.

Someshoppersare39ofdepartmentstoresandsupermarkets-40thecrowds,waiting

inlonglines,andsometimes41offindinganythingtheywanttobuy.They'drathersit

quietlyathomeinfrontoftheTVsetand42afriendlyannouncerdescribeaproduct43

amodelshowsit.Andtheycan44aroundtheclock,buyingsomething45bymakinga

phonecall.

Departmentstoresandevenmail-undercompaniesare46tojoininthesuccessofhome

shopping.Largedepartmentstoresarebusy47theirownTVchannels（頻道）toencourageTV

shoppinginthefuture.48canaskquestionsaboutproductsandplace49,allthrough

theirTVsets.

Willshoppingbytelevision50taketheplaceofshoppinginstores?Someindustry

managersthinkso.51manypeoplefindshoppingata52storeagreatenjoyment.Andfor

manyshoppers,itisstillimportantto53ortryondressestheywanttobuy.Thafs54

specialistssaythatinthefuture,homeshoppingwill55togetherwithstoreshoppingbutwill

neverentirelyreplace（取代）it.

36.A.mustB.shouldC.shallD.can

37.A.programmeB.wayC.reasonD.purpose

38.A.everB.neverC.stillD.once

39.A.proudB.fondC.tiredD.careful

40.A.fightingB.strikingC.treatingD.stopping

41.A.senseB.doubtC.hopeD.feeling

42.A.seeB.watchC.letD.notice

43.A.untilB.sinceC.ifD.while

44.A.shopB.waitC.turnD.deliver

45.A.suitablyB.cheaplyC.simplyD.hardly

46.A.nervousB.luckyC.equalD.eager

47.A.puttingupB.makingupC.settingupD.lookingup

48.A.GuestsB.AssistantsC.ManagersD.Customers

49.A.ordersB.goodsC.booksD.answers

50.A.lastlyB.finallyC.especiallyD.fortunately

51.A.ThenB.YetC.HoweverD.Therefore

52.A.generalB.popularC.realD.true

53.A.designB.makeC.wearD.touch

54.A.howB.whyC.whatD.when

55.A.existB.practiseD.followD.appear

答案36.D37.B38.A39.C40.A41.C42.B43.D44.A45.C46.D47.C

48.D49.A50.B51.B52.C53.D54.B55.A

Passage4

（07?安徽）

Itwasthenightofthefullmoon,atimewhichalwaysdrivesJava*syoungpeoplemadwith

excitement.

Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon36.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout37

thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywhere,therewerethepaperremainsof38

fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys39moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited_

40_fbrtheexplosions.

Themoonappearedabovethehorizon（地平線）：huge,41ballhighabovethecity,and

the42filledwithpeople,asJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear'sgreatest43:*the

NightoftheFullMoon1,afestival（節(jié)日）thatisespeciallypopular44youngpeople.

MoreandmoreyoungJavanese45togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe46

Jokingandchatting,theymovedtowardsthemountain47thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb

48theyreachedtheoldtemple（寺廟）atthe49ofthemountain.

Aftertheywere50thetemple,theydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—

delicioushome-madeones,51ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outside,onthemountain,young

people52cross-leggedincircles,chattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And53,in

theirhundreds,moreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto54the

brightlyshiningmoon.

Bymidnight,thefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe55cityinthevalleybelow

them.Butduringthenight,thesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance.

36.A.letoutB.gaveoutC.cameoutD.setout

37.A.intoB.atC.ofD.from

38.A.burningB.usedC.explodingD.broken

39.A.litB.boughtC.piledD.removed

40.A.patientlyB.calmlyC.worriedlyD.excitedly

41.A.silverB.newC.colorfulD.gold

42.A.mountainsB.valleysC.streetsD.shops

43.A.gamesB.meetingsC.sportsD.events

44.A.forB.toC.withD.in

45.A.dancedB.gatheredC.drankD.shouted

46.A.villageB.sceneC.nightD.ground

47.A.ontheedgeofB.onthewayto

C.inthecenterofD.inthedirectionof

48.A.whileB.untilC.unlessD.though

49.A.tipB.backC.topD.bottom

50.A.insideB.nearC.offD.across

51.A.fondB.littleC.fullD.free

52.A.jumpedB.satC.stoodD.bent

53.A.soB.evenC.yetD.still

54.A.followB.showC.noticeD.admire

55.A.cleanB.grayC.peacefulD.empty

答案36.C37.A38.B39.A40.D41.A42.C43.D44.C45.B

46.C47.A48.B49.C50.A51.C52.B53.D54.D55.B

（08?安徽）

Therearemanydifferentwaysofseeingatownforthefirsttime.Oneofthemistowalk

aroundit,guide-book36hand.Ofcourse,wemay37withourguide-booksthehistoryand

38developmentsofatownandgettoknowthem.

39then,ifwetakeourtimeand40inatownforawhile,wemaygettoknowitbetter.

Whenwe41itasawhole,webegintohavesome42,whicheventhebestguide-books

donotanswer.Whyisthetownjust43this,thisshape,thisplan,thissize?Whydoits

streets44inthisparticularway,andnotinany

45way?

Hereeventhebestguide-book46us.Onecan'tfindinittheinformationabouthowa

townhasdevelopedtothe47appearance.Itmaynotdescribethe

original（最初的）48ofatown.However,onemaygetsomeideaofwhatit

49looklikebywalkingaroundthetown.Onecanalsoimagine50thetownwasfirst

plannedandbuilt.Thenonecanlearnmoreaboutinwhatdirectionthetown51todevelop.

Whatisthe52ofstudyingtownsinthisway?Forme,itis53thatonegetsa

greaterdepthofpleasurebyvisitingandseeingatownwithone'sowneyes.A54visittoa

townmayhelponebetterunderstandwhyitisattractive

55justreadingaboutitinaguide-book.

36.A.inB.atC.byD.on

37.A.writeB.studyC.tellD.remember

38.A.strangeB.similarC.separateD.special

39.A.ButB.BeforeC.SinceD.Until

40.A.marchB.workC.stayD.wait

41.A.lookatB.1ookafterC.lookforD.1ookup

42.A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questions

43.A.ofB.forC.likeD.as

44.A.openB.runC.beginD.move

45.A.oneB.moreC.otherD.such

46.A.helpsB.tricksC.failsD.satisfies

47.A.oldB.normalC.firstD.present

48.A.capitalB.meaningC.designD.change

49.A.usedtoB.seemedtoC.hadtoD.happenedto

50.A.whatB.howC.whenD.where

51.A.stopsB.appearsC.startsD.continues

52.A.pointB.viewC?problemD.difficulty

53.A.nearlyB.simplyC.generallyD.hardly

54.A.costlyB.formalC.groupD.personal

55.A.fromB.thanC.throughD.with

答案36.A37.B38.D39.A40.C41.A42.D43.C44.B45.C46.C47,D

48.C49.A50.B51.D52.A53.B54.D55.B

（09?江蘇）

Therequirementsforhighschoolgraduationhavejustchangedinmycommunity.Asaresult,

allstudentsmust36sixtyhoursofservicelearning,37theywillnotreceiveadiploma.

Servicelearningisacademiclearningthatalsohelpsthecommunity.38ofservice

learningincludecleaningupapollutedriver,workinginasoupkitchen,ortutoringastudent.

39aserviceexperience,studentsmustkeepajournal（日志）andthenwritea40about

whattheyhavelearned.

Supportersclaimthattherearemany41ofservicelearning.Perhapsmostimportantly,

studentsareforcedtothink42theirowninterestsandbecome43oftheneedsof

others.Studentsarealsoabletolearnreal-lifeskillsthat44responsibility,problem-solving,

andworkingaspartofateam.45,studentscanexplorepossiblecareers46_service

learning.

Forexample,ifastudentwonderswhatteachingislike,heorshecanchoosetoworkinan

elementaryschoolclassroomafewafternoonseachmonth.47therearemanybenefits,

opponents（反對(duì)者）48problemswiththenewrequirement.First,they49thatthe

mainreasonstudentsgotoschoolistolearncoresubjectsandskills.Becauseservicelearningis

time-consuming,studentsspend50timestudyingthecoresubjects.Second,theybelieve

thatforcingstudentstoworkwithout51goesagainstthelaw.Byrequiringservice,the

schooltakesawayanindividual'sfreedomtochoose.

Inmyview,servicelearningisagreatwayto52tothecommunity,learnnewskills,

andexploredifferentcareers.53,Idon'tbelieveyoushouldforcepeopletohelpothers-

the54tohelpmustcomefromtheheart.Ithinkthebest55isonethatgivesstudents

choices:astudentshouldbeabletochoosesixtyhoursofindependentstudyorsixtyhoursof

service.Choiceencouragesbothfreedomandresponsibility,andasyoungadults,wemustlearnto

handlebothwisely.

36.A.spendB.gainC.completeD.save

37.A.andB.orC.butD.for

38.A.SubjectsB.ideasC.ProceduresD.Examples

39.A.WithB.BeforeC.DuringD.After

40.A.diaryB,reportC.noteD.notice

41.A.coursesB.benefitsC.challengesD.features

42.A.beyondB.aboutC.overD.in

43.A.carefulB.proudC.tiredD.aware

44.A.possessB.applyC.includeD.develop

45.A.GraduallyB.FinallyC.LuckilyD.Hopefully

46.A.throughB.acrossC.ofD.on

47.A.SoB.ThusC.SinceD.While

48.A.dealwithB.lookintoC.pointoutD.takedown

49.A.argueB.doubtC.overlookD.admit

50.A.muchB.fullC.lessD.more

51.A.costB.payC.careD.praise

52.A.contributeB.appealC.attendD.belong

53.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.BesidesD.However

54.A.courageB.desireC.emotionD.spirit

55.A.decisionB.purposeC.solutionD.result

答案36.C37.B38.D39.C40.B41.B42.A43.D44.C45.B46.A47.D

48.C49.A50.C51.B52.A53.D54.B55.C

（09?上海）

Mostpeoplebelievetheydon'thavemuchimagination.Theyare50.Everyonehas

imagination,butmostofus,oncewebecomeadults,forgethowto51it.Creativityisn't

always52withgreatworksofartorideas.Peopleatworkandintheirfreetime53

thinkofcreativewaystosolveproblems.Maybeyouhaveagoaltoachieve,atrickyquestionto

answeroryoujustwanttoexpandyourmind!Herearethreetechniquestohelpyou.

MakingconnectionsThistechniqueinvolvestaking54ideasandtryingtofindlinks

betweenthem.First,thinkabouttheproblemyouhavetosolveorthejobyouneedtodo.Then

findanimage,word,ideaorobject,forexample,acandle.Writedownalltheidea/words55

withcandles:light,fire,matches,wax,night,silence,etc.Thinkofasmanyasyoucan.Thenext

stageistorelatethe56tothejobyouhavetodo.Soimagineyouwanttobutafriendan

original57;youcouldbuyhimticketstomatchortakehimoutforthenight.

NOlimits!Imaginethatnormallimitationsdon't58.Youhaveasmuch

time/space/money,etc.asyouwant.Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenew59.Ifyourgoalisto

learntoski,60youcannowpractiseskiingeverydayofyourlife（becauseyouhavethe

timeandthemoney）.Now61thistoreality.Maybeyoucanpractiseskiingeverdayin

December,oreveryMondayinJanuary.

Besomeoneelse!Lookatthesituationfroma62pointofview.Goodbusinessmen

usethistechniqueintrade,andsodowrites.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethe63in

theirbooks.Theyaskquestion:Whatdoesthischaracterwant?Whycan'tshegetit?What

changesmustshemaketogetwhatshewants?Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfin

由eir64.Thebestfishermenthinklikefish!

50.A.wrongB.unbelievableC.reasonableD.realistic

51.A.putupwithB.catchupwithC.makeuseofD.keeptrackof

52.A.equippedB.comparedC.coveredD.connected

53.A.skillfullyB.routinelyC.vividlyD.deeply

54.A.familiarB.unrelatedC.creativeD.imaginary

55.A.presentedB.markedC.litD.associated

56.A.ideasB.ambitionsC.achievementD.technique

57.A.experienceB.serviceC.presentD.object

58.A.workB.lastC.existD.change

59.A.possibilitiesB.limitationsC.tendencyD.practice

60.A.infactB.inparticularC.asawholeD.forexample

61.A.devoteB.adaptC.leadD.keep

62.A.privateB.globalC.differentD.practical

63.A.positionsB.dreamsC.imagesD.directions

64.A.positionsB.dreamsC.imagesD.directions

答案50.A51.C52.D53.B54.B55.D56.A57.C58.C59.A60.D61.B

62.C63.D64.A

（10?重慶）

IntroductiontoLetterstoSam

DearReader,

Pleaseallowmetotellyousomethingbeforeyoureadthisbook.Whenmy36,Sam,

wasbom,myheartwasfilledwithjoy.Ihadbeensittinginawheelchairfor20yearsbeforethen,

andIhavebeen37illmanytimes.SoIwonderedifIwouldhavethe38totellSamwhatI

had39.

ForyearsIhavebeenhostingaprogramonthe40andwritingarticlesforamagazine.

Being41tomovefreely,Ihavelearnedtositstillandkeepmyheart42,exchangingthoughts

withthousandsoflistenersand43.SowhenSamwasbom,I44totellhimaboutschool

andfridship,romanceandwork,loveandeverythingelse.That'showIstartedtowritethese45.

IhopethatSamwould46themsoonerorlater.

However,thatexpectation47whenSamshowedsignsofautism（自閉癥）attheageof

two.Hehadactuallystoppedtalkingbeforethediscoveryofthesigns.He48tocommunicate

withothers,eventhefamilymembers.Thatwas49formebutdidn'tstopmewritingon.I

realizedthatIhadeven50nowtotellhim.Iwantedhimto51whatitmeanstobe

“different“fromothers,andlearnhowtofightagainstthemisfortunehe'H52asImyself,his

grandfather,did.Ijust53ifIcouldwriteallthatIwantedtosayintherestofmylife.

Now,54thebookhasbeenpublished,Ihavebeengiventhechance.Everychapterin

thebookisalettertoSam:someaboutmylife,andallaboutwhatitmeanstobea55.

DanielGottlieb

36.A.sonB.nephewC.brotherD.grandson

37.A.seriouslyB.mentallyC.slightlyD.quietly

38.A.abilityB.timeC.courageD.responsibility

39.A.writtenB.sufferedC.observedD.lost

40.A.radioB.televisionC.stageD.bed

41.A.readyB.unableC.anxiousD.eager

42.A.warmB.brokenC.closedD.open

43.A.hostsB.visitorsC.readersD.reporters

44.A.beganB.stoppedC.forgotD.decided

45.A.lettersB.emailsC.booksD.diaries

46.A.findB.readC.collectD.keep

47.A.developedB.disappearedC.changedD.arrived

48.A.triedB.refusedC.regrettedD.hoped

49.A.excitingB.acceptableC.strangeD.heartbreaking

50.A.lessB.everythingC.moreD.nothing

51.A.understandB.explainC.believeD.question

52.A.fearB.faceC.knowD.cause

53.A.feltB.guessedC.sawD.doubted

54.A.asB.onceC.thoughD.if

55.A.teacherB.childC.manD.writer

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文介紹了aLetterstoSam"這本書(shū)的創(chuàng)作背景和寫(xiě)作目的。

36.答案D

【解析】根據(jù)asImyself,hisgrandfather可判斷,Sam是"我”的孫子。

37.答案A

【解析】由Ihadbeensittinginawheelchairfor20yearsbeforethen和IwonderedifIwould

havethetime…可知作者在這期間重病了幾次。所以用seriously.

38.答案B

【解析】由這一段可知，作者是想告訴他的孫子，但擔(dān)心自己的身體，所以不知道是不是有

時(shí)間。此處用lime符合上下文。

39.答案C

【解析】observe看到，注意到。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容的理解，作者想告訴他孫子的是他的經(jīng)歷，

只有observe合題意。

40.答案A

【解析】由下文的withthousandsoflisteners可知，作者是主持廣播節(jié)目,所以選radio.

41.答案B

【解析】由第一段可知，作者在輪椅上待了20年，所以不能自由活動(dòng)。

42.答案D

【解析】由下文中與聽(tīng)眾和讀者交流思想可知，作者敞開(kāi)心扉，所以選open。

43.答案C

【解析】由第二段開(kāi)頭可知，作者主持廣播節(jié)目和為雜志寫(xiě)文章，所以此處是和聽(tīng)眾和讀者

交流。

44.答案D

【解析】由下句這就是我怎樣開(kāi)始寫(xiě)這些信的可知，這兒應(yīng)用decided.是因?yàn)槲覜Q定告訴Sam

學(xué)校與友誼、浪漫與工作、愛(ài)情與其它一切，才開(kāi)始寫(xiě)這些信。

45.答案A

【解析】由本文的題目可知是介紹的LetterstoSam這本書(shū)，下文中也告訴我們這本書(shū)的每

一章都是一封信，所以這兒選A。

46.答案B

【解析】因?yàn)樾攀菍?xiě)給Sam的，所以作者希望Sam遲早會(huì)讀到這些信。

47.答案C

【解析】由于Sam患了自閉癥，所以作者的這種期望改變了。

48.答案B

【解析】因?yàn)镾am患了自閉癥，這兒是說(shuō)他拒絕與別人交流。

49.答案D

【解析】由上文可知，作者對(duì)Sam希望很大，而Sam卻患了自閉癥，這對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)是令人

心碎的。

50.答案C

【解析】由上面一句語(yǔ)，但是并沒(méi)有阻止我繼續(xù)寫(xiě)下去和下文中的我想讓他理解與別人不同

意味著什么，學(xué)會(huì)和我一樣與面對(duì)的不幸作斗爭(zhēng)可知，作者是有了更多的東西要寫(xiě)。

51.答案A

【解析】見(jiàn)第50題。

52.答案B

【解析】見(jiàn)第50題。

53.答案D

【解析】由上文可知，作者的身體不好，所以他懷疑他是不是能寫(xiě)下所有他想說(shuō)的話。

54.答案A

【解析】as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：因?yàn)檫@本書(shū)出版了，所以我有機(jī)會(huì)讓Sam看到我所

有想說(shuō)的話。

55.答案C

【解析】這本書(shū)的每一章都是一封信，一些是關(guān)于我的，所有都是關(guān)于作為一個(gè)人意味著什

么的。

（10?安徽）

Mostpeoplegivelittlethoughttothepenstheywritewith,especiallysincetheprintersin

modernhomesandofficesmeanthatvery36thingsarethewritten.Alltoooften,peoplebuyapen

basedonlyon37,andwonderwhytheyarenotsatisfied38theybegintouseit.However,buyinga

penthatyouJ11enjoyisnot39ityoukeepthefollowinginmind.

Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhandandbe40touse.The

thincknessofthepenisthemostimportantcharacteristic（特征）41comfort.Having

asmallhandandthickfingers,youmaybecomfortablewithathinpen.Ifyouhave

a42handandthickerfingersyoumay43fatterpen.Thelengthofapencan44

influencecomfort.Apenthatistoo45caneasilyfeeltop-heavyandunstable.

Then,thewritingpointofthepenshould46theinktoflowevenly（均勻地）

whilethepenremainsintouchwiththepaper.47willmakeitpossibleforyouto

createa48lineofwriting.Thepointthatdoesnotblockthe50mayleavedrops

ofink,51youpickthepenupandputitdownagain.

52,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.Fine-linepensmay53bad

handwriting,butfine,delicate1inesdonotcommand54nexttoprintedfext,as,55,a

signatureonaprintedletter.Abroaderline,ontheotherhand,giveanimpression

ofconfidenceandauthority（權(quán)威）。

36.A.manyB.fewC.pleasantD.important

37.A.looksB.reasonC.valueD.advantages

38.A.onceB.ifC.becauseD.though

39.A.conv