2023屆山西省呂梁市高三第二次模擬考試英語試題 【含答案解析】

第1頁/共1頁呂梁市高三第二次模擬考試（2023.4）英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hegottoworkonfoot.B.Hemissedthebus.C.Hisbikewasstolen.2.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutswimmingnow?ADelighted.B.Scared.C.Relaxed.3.WhowillgotothemuseumwiththemanthisFriday?A.Hisgrandpa.B.Hisbrother.C.Hisparents.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Professorandstudent.5.Whatisthewomanprobablygoingtodo?A.Takeupswimming.B.Developahobby.C.Applyformembership.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatkindofappdoesthemanmainlyuse?A.Learning.B.Communication.C.Entertainment.7.Whatisthematterwiththeman’snewphone?A.Itssystemistooslow.B.Itsbrandisoutdated.C.Itsscreenisn’tbigenough.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelastdoctor?A.Heisimpolitetopatients.B.Heistoostubborn.C.Heisyoungandcaring.9.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Cancelhisappointment.B.Chooseanotherclinic.C.Makeaphonecallearly.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atadepartmentstore.B.Atabookstore.C.Atalibrary.11.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Orderanitem.B.Tendherhusband.C.Changehershippingaddress.12.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A.Buyanothergift.B.Tryanotherplace.C.Leavehalfofthepayment.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Toadvertiseajob.B.Tomakeareservation.C.Toenquireabouttherecruitment.14.Whatpositionisavailablenow?A.Waiters.B.Receptionists.C.Chefs.15.Howmanyhoursisthedayshift?A.Eighthours.B.Sevenhours.C.Elevenhours.16.Whatdoesthejoboffer?A.$5anhour.B.Aone-daybreakperweek.C.Acheapmeal.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whywasthepoolclosedthreedecadesago?A.Itsufferedhugelosses.B.Itneededexpanding.C.Itwasthoughttobeunsafe.18.Whodesignedthenewpool?A.Brackenside.B.EllenWendon.C.CoralWhite.19.Whatistheprivilegeofthewinnerofthecompetition?A.Decideonthefiguretobeused.B.Declarethepoolopen.C.Choosewhatfoodtobeoffered.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?A.Toexplainsomerules.B.Toannouncesomechanges.C.Toattractvisitorstothepool.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ATopAmusementParksinAmericaFunSpotAmerica:Orlando,FloridaIfyou’relookingforamoreaffordablethemeparkexperienceintheOrlandoarea,FunSpotAmericaOrlandoshouldbeonyourradar.Thisthemeparkoffersaboatloadofridesandattractionsformuchlowerpricesthanatnearbyparks,includingsmallerrollercoasters,droprides,spinridesandaFerriswheel.SixFlagsMagicMountain:Valencia,CaliforniaSixFlagsMagicMountainisperfectforfamilieswithkidsofallages.FamilyridesatthistopCaliforniathemeparkincludeeverythingyouwouldexpect,frombumpercarstoaminiaturetrainforallages.Meanwhile,thepark’sthrillrideswillspinyoueverywhichwayordropyouupto250-plusfeet.TheWonderWomanFlightofCouragebecametheworld’stallestandlongestsingle-railcoasterwhenitopenedtoparkguestsinsummer2022.SeaWorldSanDiego:SanDiego,CaliforniaRidesandrollercoastersaredottedthroughoutSeaWorldSanDiego.GuestscanalsodiscoverlargecoastersliketheEmperor-thetallest,fastestandlongestdivecoasterinCalifornia.Inspring2023theparkissettolaunchabrandnewcoastercalledArcticRescue,whichwillbethefastestandlongeststraddlecoasterontheWestCoast.SeaWorldSanDiegoisopenyearround.SilverDollarCity:Branson,MissouriSilverDollarCityboastsbothathemeparkandawaterparknearthedowntownBranson.Missouri.The1880s-inspiredthemeparkitselffeaturesalmost40ridesandattractions,includingspinningcoasters,droprides,swingridesandmore.Thewaterparkishometo13acresofwaterrides,slides,andalazyriver.SilverDollarCityisopenthroughouttheyear,whilethewaterparkonlyopensseasonallyfromlateMaytoearlySeptember.1.Whichisaneconomicaloptionforatourist?A.SilverDollarCity. B.SeaWorldSanDiego.C.SixFlagsMagicMountain. D.FunSpotAmericaOrlando.2.WhatistheWonderWomanFlightofCourage?A.Along-standingride. B.Aworld-classfacility.C.Awell-knownmovie. D.Aman-madepark.3.WhatdoSeaWorldSanDiegoandSilverDollarCityhaveincommon?A.Theywilllaunchanewcoasterin2023.B.Theyarehometowaterridesandslides.C.Theyareopentopublicatallseasons.D.TheyarelocatedinthesamestateofAmerica.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了幾個主題公園?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章FunSpotAmerica:Orlando,Florida中的“Ifyou’relookingforamoreaffordablethemeparkexperienceintheOrlandoarea,FunSpotAmericaOrlandoshouldbeonyourradar.Thisthemeparkoffersaboatloadofridesandattractionsformuchlowerpricesthanatnearbyparks,includingsmallerrollercoasters,droprides,spinridesandaFerriswheel.(如果你正在奧蘭多地區(qū)尋找一個更實惠的主題公園體驗，奧蘭多美國游樂園應該在你的雷達上。這個主題公園提供了大量的游樂設施和景點，價格比附近的公園低得多，包括小型過山車、落差過山車、旋轉過山車和摩天輪。)”可知，F(xiàn)unSpotAmericaOrlando對游客來說是比較節(jié)約的選擇。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章SixFlagsMagicMountain:Valencia,California中的“TheWonderWomanFlightofCouragebecametheworld’stallestandlongestsingle-railcoasterwhenitopenedtoparkguestsinsummer2022.(神奇女俠勇氣之旅于2022年夏天向公園游客開放，成為世界上最高、最長的單軌過山車。)”可知，神奇女俠勇氣之旅是世界一流的（娛樂）設施。故選B。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章SeaWorldSanDiego:SanDiego,California中的“SeaWorldSanDiegoisopenyearround.(圣地亞哥海洋世界全年開放。)”和SilverDollarCity:Branson,Missouri中的“SilverDollarCityisopenthroughouttheyear,whilethewaterparkonlyopensseasonallyfromlateMaytoearlySeptember.(銀元城全年開放，而水上樂園僅在5月底至9月初季節(jié)性開放。)”可知，兩個主題公園都是一年四季向公眾開放。故選C。BMichelleYeoh,afamousnameinChinesecinema,madehistoryonSundaynightbybecomingthefirstAsianwomantowintheAcademyAwardforbestactress.TheMalaysian-bornactresstookhomethecelebratedawardforherextraordinaryperformanceinthemultiversalcomedyEverythingEverywhereAllatOnce.Thefilm,whereYeohplaysastrugglinglaundromat(洗衣店)ownerwhoendsupsavingthemultiverse(多元宇宙),swepttheOscarswithatotalofsevenawards,includingforbestpictureandbestdirector,makingitthebiggestwinnerofthenight.“Forallthelittleboysandgirlswholooklikemewatchingtonight,thisisabeaconofhopeandpossibilities,”theactresssaidinheracceptancespeechinLosAngeles,toemphasizethatonemustdreambigasdreamsdocometrue.Theactressalsousedherspeechtohonorher84-year-oldmotherJanetYeoh.“Ihavetodedicatethistomymomandallthemomsintheworldbecausetheyarereallythesuperheroes,andwithoutthemnoneofuswouldbeheretonight,”shesaid.AftertakingoffinkungfucinemainHongKong,YeohfirstappearedinHollywoodinthe1997JamesBondmovieTomorrowNeverDies.Shegainedinternationalrecognitionforherroleasaswords-womaninAngLee’sfamousfilm,CrouchingTiger,HiddenDragon,whichwonthreeOscarsin2001.Yeohhasbeenheavilyindemandsinceherroleasacontrollingmatriarch(女家長)inCrazyRichAsians(2018).ShehasbecomeoneofthemostinfluentialstarsofChinese(血統(tǒng))globally,saidShenDan,aseniorcriticoftheBeijingInternationalFilmFestival.“EverythingEverywhereAllatOnceseemstobespecificallycraftedforYeohbecausethemoviereflectsherdecades-longeffortstoraisetheculturalsignificanceofAsian-themedfilmsworldwide,”Shenadded.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutYeoh?A.Sheworkedatalaundromatyearsago.B.Sheisremarkableinthelatestcomedymovie.C.SherosetofamefirstinMalaysiafilmindustry.D.SheisthefirstChinesewomantowinanOscar.5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeYeoh?A.Inspiringandgrateful. B.Productiveandgenerous.C.Ambitiousandcreative. D.Courageousandenthusiastic.6.WhatmadeYeohhavemoreaccesstothescreen?A.TherecommendationofAngLee.B.Hermother’scontinuousencouragement.C.HerroleinthemovieCrazyRichAsians.D.Heryearsofaccumulatedlearningexperience.7Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveythroughthetext?A.Artislongandlifeisshort.B.Comingeventscasttheirshadowsbefore.CEverybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.D.Theflowerofdreamswilleventuallybloom.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了楊紫瓊獲得奧斯卡最佳女演員的事情以及她的一些影視作品和影響?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheMalaysian-bornactresstookhomethecelebratedawardforherextraordinaryperformanceinthemultiversalcomedyEverythingEverywhereAllatOnce.(這位馬來西亞出生的女演員憑借在多元宇宙喜劇《瞬息全宇宙》中的出色表演獲得了這個著名的獎項。)”可知，楊紫瓊在《瞬息全宇宙》這部喜劇電影中表演出色。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“Forallthelittleboysandgirlswholooklikemewatchingtonight,thisisabeaconofhopeandpossibilities,(對于所有像我一樣觀看今晚比賽的小男孩和小女孩來說，這是一座希望和可能性的燈塔。)”可推斷，她的成功是鼓舞人心的；根據(jù)第五段中““Ihavetodedicatethistomymomandallthemomsintheworldbecausetheyarereallythesuperheroes,andwithoutthemnoneofuswouldbeheretonight,”shesaid.(她說：“我要把這個獎獻給我的媽媽和世界上所有的媽媽，因為她們真的是超級英雄，沒有她們，我們今晚就不會站在這里。”)”可推斷，她是感恩的。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段“Yeohhasbeenheavilyindemandsinceherroleasacontrollingmatriarch(女家長)inCrazyRichAsians(2018).(自從楊紫瓊在《摘金奇緣》（2018）中飾演一位控制欲極強的女家長以來，她一直很受歡迎。)”可知，在《摘金奇緣》中的角色讓楊紫瓊更加受歡迎，有更多接觸銀幕的機會。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“MichelleYeoh,afamousnameinChinesecinema,madehistoryonSundaynightbybecomingthefirstAsianwomantowintheAcademyAwardforbestactress.(周日晚，中國電影界的知名人物楊紫瓊成為首位獲得奧斯卡最佳女主角獎的亞洲女性，創(chuàng)造了歷史。)”及全文可推斷，文章通過講述楊紫瓊的演藝經(jīng)歷和獲得奧斯卡最佳女演員的事情來傳達“夢想之花終究會綻放”的哲理。故選D。CGreenhousegasemissionsfromthewayhumansproduceandconsumefoodcouldaddnearly1degreeofwarmingtotheEarth’sclimateby2100,accordingtoanewstudy.Continuingthedietarypatternsoftodaywillpushtheplanetpastthe1.5degreesCelsiuslimitofwarmingsoughtundertheParisclimateagreementtoavoidtheworsteffectsofclimatechange,accordingtothestudypublishedMondayinNatureClimateChange.Thestudyfoundthatthemajorityofgreenhousegasemissionscomefromthreemajorsources:meatfromanimalslikecowsandsheep,dairyandrice.Thosethreesourcesaccountforatleast19percenteachoffood’scontributiontoawarmingplanet,accordingtothestudy,withmeatcontributingthemost,at33percent.Allemit（散發(fā)）largeamountsofmethane（甲烷）,apotent（強有力的）greenhousegaswithmorethan80timesthewarmingpowerofcarbondioxide,inthewaytheyarecurrentlyfarmed.Theresearcherscalculatedthatmethanewillaccountfor75percentoffood’sshareofwarmingby2030,withcarbondioxideandnitrousoxideaccountingformostoftherest.Thestudy’sleadauthor,CatherineC.Ivanovich,aclimatescientistatColumbiaUniversityandcolleaguescalculatedthethreemajorgasesproducedbyeachtypeoffoodoveritslifetimebasedoncurrentconsumptionpatterns.Theyscaledtheannualemissionsovertimebygasbasedonfivedifferentpopulationprojections.AndthentheyusedaclimatemodelfrequentlyusedbytheUnitedNations’panelonclimatechangetosimulatetheeffectsofthoseemissionsonsurfaceairtemperaturechange.Thestudyalsoofferedsomewaystochangeglobalfoodproductionandconsumptionthatcouldlimitwarming.“Butreducingmethanemaybethemostimportantgoalofall.Althoughmethaneisfarmorepotentthancarbon,itisalsomuchshorter-livedmeaningcutsinmethaneemissionscanhaveaquickbenefit,”Ivanovichsaid.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A.Meatfromsomeraisedanimalsemitsquantitiesofmethane.B.Currentdietarypatternshavenoimpactontheclimatechange.C.Carbondioxideandnitrousoxidareverycommoninourdailylife.D.Onlymethaneshouldbeblamedforitscontributiontoglobalwarming.9.HowisParagraph4mainlydeveloped?A.Byaskingquestions. B.Byanalyzingcauses.C.Bygivingreasons. D.Bylistingstatistics.10.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Whoinitiatedthestudy. B.Howthestudywasconducted.C.Whythestudywasdesigned. D.Wherethestudywascarriedout.11.Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom?A.Adeskdiary. B.Atravelwebsite.C.Asciencemagazine. D.Anacademicpaper.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人類生產和消耗食物的方式影響氣候變化的相關研究。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thestudyfoundthatthemajorityofgreenhousegasemissionscomefromthreemajorsources:meatfromanimalslikecowsandsheep,dairyandrice.(該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大部分溫室氣體排放來自三個主要來源:牛羊等動物的肉類、乳制品和大米。)”和第四段“Allemit（散發(fā)）largeamountsofmethane（甲烷）,apotent（強有力的）greenhousegaswithmorethan80timesthewarmingpowerofcarbondioxide,inthewaytheyarecurrentlyfarmed.(它們都排放大量的甲烷，這是一種強效的溫室氣體，其溫室效應是二氧化碳的80倍以上。)”可知，一些飼養(yǎng)動物的肉會產生大量甲烷。故選A。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Allemit（散發(fā)）largeamountsofmethane（甲烷）,apotent（強有力的）greenhousegaswithmorethan80timesthewarmingpowerofcarbondioxide,inthewaytheyarecurrentlyfarmed.Theresearcherscalculatedthatmethanewillaccountfor75percentoffood’sshareofwarmingby2030,withcarbondioxideandnitrousoxideaccountingformostoftherest.(它們都排放大量的甲烷，這是一種強效的溫室氣體，其溫室效應是二氧化碳的80倍以上。研究人員計算出，到2030年，甲烷將占食物變暖的75%，二氧化碳和一氧化二氮占其余的大部分。)”可知，本段主要通過列數(shù)字來說明甲烷是全球變暖的重要因素。故選D?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Thestudy’sleadauthor,CatherineC.Ivanovich,aclimatescientistatColumbiaUniversityandcolleaguescalculatedthethreemajorgasesproducedbyeachtypeoffoodoveritslifetimebasedoncurrentconsumptionpatterns.Theyscaledtheannualemissionsovertimebygasbasedonfivedifferentpopulationprojections.AndthentheyusedaclimatemodelfrequentlyusedbytheUnitedNations’panelonclimatechangetosimulatetheeffectsofthoseemissionsonsurfaceairtemperaturechange.(該研究的主要作者、哥倫比亞大學的氣候科學家凱瑟琳·C·伊萬諾維奇及其同事根據(jù)當前的消費模式計算了每種食物在其一生中產生的三種主要氣體。他們根據(jù)五種不同的人口預測，按時間計算了天然氣的年排放量。然后，他們使用了聯(lián)合國氣候變化專門委員會經(jīng)常使用的氣候模型來模擬這些排放對地表氣溫變化的影響。)”可知，本段主要在描述研究是如何進行的。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章介紹了人類生產和消耗食物的方式影響氣候變化的相關研究，可能來自一本科學雜志。故選C。DNexttimeyou’rehavingtroublesolvingatrickypuzzle,consideraskinganearbybumblebee.AnewstudyinthejournalPLOSBiologyfindsthatthesehumbleinsectscanactuallylearntosolvepuzzlesfromoneanother,suggestingthatevensomeinvertebrates(無脊椎動物)likethesesocialinsectshaveacapacityforwhatwehumanscall“culture.”“Thesecreaturesarereallyquiteincredible.They’rereallygoodatlearningdespitehavingthesetinybrains,”saysAliceBridges,abehavioralecologistatAngliaRuskinUniversityinEngland.“Inthepastcoupleofdecades,agrowingbodyofevidencehasshownthatanimalslikechimpsandbirdsshowevidenceofculture,bywhichwereallymeanjustthatanimalslearnfromeachother.”saysAndyWhiten,acognitiveethologist(認知動物行為學家)whostudieswildanimalmindsattheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland.“Nobody’sreallythoughttolookatitininvertebratesbefore,”saysBridges.Shesetouttoprovethemwrong.“Basically,IbuiltitoutofPetridishes,”shesays.ThebaseofthePetridishheldthereward:adropofsupersweetsugarwater.Bridgescutasmallholeinthelid“toformarotating(旋轉)topthatcanbespunbypushingeitheronthisredtabclockwise(順時針)orthebluetabanti-clockwise.”Shetrainedsomebeestohead-butttheredtabtogetthesugarwaterandtrainedotherstopushthebluetab.Then,Bridgesplacedthesetutorbeesinsidedifferentcolonies,alongwiththepuzzleboxes.Theexperimentshowedthatincolonieswherethetutorbeehadoriginallylearnedtopushtheredtab,theotherbeesinthecolonyusuallypushedtheredtab.Incolonieswherethetutorbeewastrainedtopushthebluetab,theirfellowbeestendedtodothesame.“Wefoundthatthebehaviorsspreadamongthecolonies,”shesays,“Theycopiedthebehaviorofdemonstratorsevenwhenoccasionallytheydiscoveredthattheycoulddothealternative.”12.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1?A.Tomakeaprediction. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Togiveanexample. D.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.13.WhatcanwelearnfromBridges’swords?A.Differentcolonieslikedifferentcolors.B.Cultureismadeupofmultipletraditions.C.Bumblebeesaretoohumbletolearnsomethingnew.D.Nopreviousstudiesfocusonthecultureininvertebrates.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demonstrators”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Tutorbees. B.Puzzleboxes. C.Differentcolonies. D.Chimpsandbirds.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.InvertebratesAretheSmartestintheWorldB.ABehavioralEcologistHasMadeaSuccessfulExperimentC.AnimalslikeBumblebeesCanTransmitCertainBehaviorsCulturallyD.InsectCultureLooksRatherDifferentfromThatSeenamongHumans【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了像大黃蜂這樣的無脊椎動物存在傳遞某種行為的現(xiàn)象?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Nexttimeyou’rehavingtroublesolvingatrickypuzzle,consideraskinganearbybumblebee.(下次當你在解決一個棘手的難題時，可以考慮問一下附近的大黃蜂)”以及第二段“AnewstudyinthejournalPLOSBiologyfindsthatthesehumbleinsectscanactuallylearntosolvepuzzlesfromoneanother,suggestingthatevensomeinvertebrates(無脊椎動物)likethesesocialinsectshaveacapacityforwhatwehumanscall“culture.”(發(fā)表在《公共科學圖書館·生物學》雜志上的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些不起眼的昆蟲實際上可以相互學習解決難題，這表明即使是一些無脊椎動物，比如這些群居昆蟲，也有我們人類所謂的“文化”能力)”可推知，第1段的目的是引入文章話題。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Nobody’sreallythoughttolookatitininvertebratesbefore(以前沒有人想過在無脊椎動物身上觀察它)”可知，以前沒有關于無脊椎動物培養(yǎng)的研究。故選D。14題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theexperimentshowedthatincolonieswherethetutorbeehadoriginallylearnedtopushtheredtab,theotherbeesinthecolonyusuallypushedtheredtab.Incolonieswherethetutorbeewastrainedtopushthebluetab,theirfellowbeestendedtodothesame.(實驗表明，在導師蜜蜂最初學會推紅色標簽的群體中，群體中的其他蜜蜂通常會推紅色標簽。在導師蜜蜂被訓練去推藍色標簽的群體中，它們的同伴也傾向于這樣做)”以及最后一段“Wefoundthatthebehaviorsspreadamongthecolonies(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種行為在峰群中傳播開來)”可知，蜜蜂會模仿導師蜜蜂的行為，故畫線詞指的是“導師蜜蜂”。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“AnewstudyinthejournalPLOSBiologyfindsthatthesehumbleinsectscanactuallylearntosolvepuzzlesfromoneanother,suggestingthatevensomeinvertebrates(無脊椎動物)likethesesocialinsectshaveacapacityforwhatwehumanscall“culture.”(發(fā)表在《公共科學圖書館·生物學》雜志上的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些不起眼的昆蟲實際上可以相互學習解決難題，這表明即使是一些無脊椎動物，比如這些群居昆蟲，也有我們人類所謂的“文化”能力)”結合文章介紹了像大黃蜂這樣的無脊椎動物存在傳遞某種行為的現(xiàn)象。可知，C選項“像大黃蜂這樣的動物可以在文化上傳播某些行為”最符合文章標題。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Evenifyoudon’thavealargeareainyouryard,youcanstillmakeabeautifulgardenthatmaximizesthespaceyouhave.Beforeyoubegindiggingorplanting,makesureyouhaveadetailedplanaboutwhereyourgardenisandtheplantsyouwanttoinclude.____16____Optforanareathatgets6-8hoursofsundaily.Sincemostfloweringplantsandvegetablesrequiremuchsun,optforthesunniestareainyouryardtoplaceyourgarden.____17____Iftheareayouhavetochoosedoesn’tgetalotoflightduringtheday,youmaystillbeabletogrowplantsthatthriveintheshade.Pickaspotthat’sclosetoawatersource.Trytofindanareathateitherhasanaturalwatersourceorsitsclosetoyouroutdoorhoseattachment.____18____Ifyouaren’tabletoplaceyourgardendirectlybyawatersource,makesureit’sascloseaspossible.Youcanalsotrybuildinganartificialpondorwaterfeatureifyouwanttohelpkeepthesoilhydrated.____19____Lookforaplaceinyouryardwhereyoucanseeyourgardenfromawindoworaspotinyouryardsoyou’reabletoenjoyit.Makesureyoucanwalkintoyourgardenwitheasetomakeiteasiertotakecareofyourplants.Avoidplacingitanywherethat’sdifficulttogetto,orelseitmaybecomemoreofahassle.Measurethespaceyouhaveavailableforyourgarden.Stretchameasuringtapeacrossthelengthofthearea,andrecordthemeasurementonapieceofpaper.____20____Double-checkyourmeasurementstomakesurethey’reaccuratesoyoucanplanthespaceefficiently.Typically,plotsgrowbestinrectangularareas,butyoucanmakeyourgardenadifferentshape,suchasatriangleorcircle,ifitfitsthespacebetter.A.Thentakethemeasurementforthewidthofthearea.B.Selectvarietiesofsmallplantstomaximizethespace.C.Chooseaplacewhereyoucaneasilyaccessyourgarden.D.Ifitfeelsdry,useawateringcantowaterthesoiluntilit’swetenough.E.Herearesometipstohelpyouchoosethebestlocationofyourgarden.F.Thus,youcaneasilymakethesoilstaymoistandmakeitlesslikelytodryout.G.Plantsthatdon’treceiveenoughlightwon’tproducemanybloomsorgrowwell.【答案】16.E17.G18.F19.C20.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了為花園選擇最佳位置的幾條建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Beforeyoubegindiggingorplanting,makesureyouhaveadetailedplanaboutwhereyourgardenisandtheplantsyouwanttoinclude.(在你開始挖掘或種植之前，確保你有一個詳細的計劃，關于你的花園在哪里以及你想要種植的植物。)”以及下文提到的幾條花園選址的建議，空白處承上啟下。E選項“Herearesometipstohelpyouchoosethebestlocationofyourgarden.(這是幫助你選擇最佳花園位置的幾條建議。)”符合題意。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Sincemostfloweringplantsandvegetablesrequiremuchsun,optforthesunniestareainyouryardtoplaceyourgarden.(因為大多數(shù)開花植物和蔬菜都需要充足的陽光，所以選擇院子里陽光最充足的地方來種植你的花園。)”可知，大多數(shù)開花植物和蔬菜都需要充足的陽光，由此可知，空白處應是植物得不到足夠陽光的后果。G選項“Plantsthatdon’treceiveenoughlightwon’tproducemanybloomsorgrowwell.(得不到充足陽光的植物將不會開出很多花，長得也不好。)”符合題意。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Trytofindanareathateitherhasanaturalwatersourceorsitsclosetoyouroutdoorhoseattachment.(試著找一個有天然水源或靠近室外水管的地方。)”可知，空白處應該承接上文，指出這樣選擇位置的目的。F選項“Thus,youcaneasilymakethesoilstaymoistandmakeitlesslikelytodryout.(這樣有利于讓土壤保持濕潤，不至于會變干。)”符合題意。故選F?！?9題詳解】這里為本段小標題。根據(jù)下文第四段的內容“Lookforaplaceinyouryardwhereyoucanseeyourgardenfromawindoworaspotinyouryardsoyou’reabletoenjoyit.Makesureyoucanwalkintoyourgardenwitheasetomakeiteasiertotakecareofyourplants.Avoidplacingitanywherethat’sdifficulttogetto,orelseitmaybecomemoreofahassle.(在院子里找一個你可以從窗戶看到花園的地方，或者院子里的一個地方，這樣你就可以享受花園了。確保你可以輕松地走進你的花園，這樣更容易照顧你的植物。避免把它放在難以到達的地方，否則它可能會變得更麻煩。)”可知，本段主要介紹選擇花園要找一個容易進入的地方。C選項“Chooseaplacewhereyoucaneasilyaccessyourgarden.(選擇一個你容易進入的地方。)”符合題意。故選C。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Stretchameasuringtapeacrossthelengthofthearea,andrecordthemeasurementonapieceofpaper.(在該區(qū)域的長度上拉伸卷尺，并在一張紙上記錄測量結果。)”和下文“Double-checkyourmeasurementstomakesurethey’reaccuratesoyoucanplanthespaceefficiently.(仔細檢查你的測量，以確保它們是準確的，這樣你就可以有效地規(guī)劃空間。)”可知，上下文是測量花園的一些步驟，空白處也應是測量的步驟。A選項“Thentakethemeasurementforthewidthofthearea.(然后測量選擇區(qū)域的寬度。)”符合題意。故選A。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。LivinginMexico,Istruggledwiththelanguage.Thekidsinour____21____calledme“TheAmericanLady.”O(jiān)neday,asIwas____22____outsideinthesmallgarden,twolittleboysranuptomygate,“Lady,lady,blahblahblah.”That’swhatIunderstood,buttheirgesturemademewanttofindoutwhatwasso____23____.Iwalkeddownthestreetwiththem.Atthecorner,I___24___apileofgarbagewithasmalldogontop.Thepoorlittleanimalsmelled____25____.Ididn’tknowhowlongshe’dbeenthere,butI____26____sheneededwater.Iranhometogetwaterandalittlefood,Tedaskedwhatwasup,andI____27____whatIhadfound.Hereturnedwithme,carryingacatcage.Iputdownthewaterandasmallcupwiththefood.Thepuppylookedatthefoodbutdidn’tmakeanyefforttoeatordrink.Tedsaidweneededtogethertothe____28____assoonaspossible.Weputthepuppyintothecageand____29____setout.Aswewereshownintotheexamroom,Itookheroutofthe_____30_____andputheronthemetaltable.Thepuppylookedupatmeandthen,withallher_____31_____,pulledherselfovertomeand_____32_____herheadonmystomach.Thatwasit.Thiswasmypuppy.What_____33_____mewasthepuppywasprobablyfourmonthsold,andwewereinourlateseventies.Idon’tthinkoldpeopleshouldadoptyounganimals.Ihadseentoomanycasesoftryingtofindhomesiftheowners_____34_____,butallthatreasoningflewoutofthewindowwhenthatpuppylaidherheadonmystomach.Shehadchosenme,andIwouldn’t_____35_____her.21.A.city B.hospital C.neighborhood D.school22.A.working B.struggling C.marching D.hiking23.A.fundamental B.urgent C.dramatic D.complicated24.A.classified B.threw C.picked D.spotted25.A.awful B.fragrant C.marvelous D.sour26.A.guarded B.warned C.concluded D.ignored27.A.assumed B.displayed C.whispered D.explained28.A.shelter B.vet C.expert D.bank29.A.initially B.hesitantly C.immediately D.completely30.A.cage B.box C.trunk D.seat31.A.emotion B.strength C.memory D.action32.A.transformed B.shook C.bowed D.placed33.A.bothered B.failed C.claimed D.amused34.A.leftoff B.testedout C.tookflight D.passedaway35.A.carry B.abandon C.exchange D.possess【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.A26.C27.D28.B29.C30.A31.B32.D33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者領養(yǎng)了一只流浪狗的故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：鄰居的孩子們都叫我“美國小姐”。A.city城市；B.hospital醫(yī)院；C.neighborhood鄰居；D.school學校。根據(jù)“twolittleboysranuptomygate,”可知，作者所在小區(qū)的孩子們把作者稱為“美國太太”。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，當我正在外面的小花園里干活時，兩個小男孩跑到我家門口，“女士，女士，等等等等?！盇.working工作；B.struggling努力；C.marching行進；D.hiking遠足。根據(jù)“outsideinthesmallgarden,”可知，作者正在花園里干活，此時兩個小男孩跑了過來。故選A。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是我所理解的，但他們的手勢讓我想知道是什么如此緊急。A.fundamental基本的；B.urgent緊急的；C.dramatic戲劇性的；D.complicated復雜難懂的。根據(jù)“Iwalkeddownthestreetwiththem.”可知，作者從兩個小孩的手勢能感覺到有什么緊急的事，讓作者去一探究竟。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在拐角處，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一堆垃圾，上面有一只小狗。A.classified分類；B.threw扔；C.picked撿；D.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)“apileofgarbagewithasmalldogontop.”可知，作者在一堆垃圾上面發(fā)現(xiàn)一條小狗。故選D。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這可憐的小動物身上散發(fā)著難聞的氣味。A.awful糟糕的；難聞的；B.fragrant芬香的；C.marvelous令人驚異的；D.sour酸的。根據(jù)“apileofgarbage”可知，小狗在垃圾上面，味道很難聞。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不知道她在那里待了多久，但我斷定她需要水。A.guarded守衛(wèi)；B.warned警告；C.concluded推斷出；D.ignored忽略。根據(jù)“Ididn’tknowhowlongshe’dbeenthere,”可知，作者不知道她在那里待了多久，但是能斷定她需要喝水。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我跑回家去拿水和一些食物，泰德問我怎么了，我解釋了我的發(fā)現(xiàn)。A.assumed假定；B.displayed顯示；C.whispered低語；D.