國際物流與經(jīng)營管理課件國際貿(mào)易支付

TermsofPayment目前一頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點

CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTermsofPayment目前二頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點

CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionProcurementCardsTradeCardTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTermsofPayment目前三頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesReducedCreditInformationLackofPersonalContactDifficultandExpensiveCollectionsNoEasyLegalRecourseHigherLitigationCostsMistrust目前四頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點

CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionProcurementCardsTradeCardTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTermsofPayment目前五頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點RisksinInternationalTradeCountryRisk

Countryriskisalsoknownaspoliticalrisk.Theprobabilityofnotgettingpaidbyacreditor,becausethecreditor’scountryhas:Insufficientforeignexchangereserves.Politicalriskcanalsomeantheprobabilityofnationalizationofafirm’ssubsidiarybythehostcountry.目前六頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點RisksinInternationalTradeCommercialRisk

Theprobabilityofnotgettingpaidbyacreditor,becausethiscreditordoesnothavethefundstopaythedebtorbecausethecreditorrefusestopaythedebt.Exposure

Therelativeconsequencesofabad-debtriskforanexporter;theriskofa$50,000losswouldrepresentagreaterexposureforasmallexporterthanforalargeexporter.目前七頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點

CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionProcurementCardsTradeCardTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTermsofPayment目前八頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點AlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollection目前九頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點AlternativeTermsofPaymentTable7-1:AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofSeveralTermsofPaymentTermofpaymentProbabilityofLosingtheBusinessbecauseoftheChoiceofMethodofPaymentProbabilityoflossduetoNon-PaymentCashinAdvanceHighNilLetterofCreditFairlyHighAlmostNilDocumentaryCollectionLowLowOpenAccountNilRelativelyHigh目前十頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點

CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTrade

AlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTermsofPayment目前十一頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點CashinAdvanceDefinitionInaCashinAdvancetransaction,theexporterrequeststhatthecustomerprovidepaymentinadvance,beforeshipmentofthegoodscantakeplace.Itistheultimate“risk-free”alternativefortheexporter.InaCashinAdvancetransaction,theriskiscompletelytransferredtotheimporter.目前十二頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點CashinAdvanceApplicability

Thismethodisonlyjustifiedinrarecases.Itcouldbeusedwhentheimporterisperceivedasbeingveryhighrisk(commercialorcountryrisk).Itshouldbeavoided.目前十三頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點

CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTermsofPayment目前十四頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點OpenAccountDefinition

InanOpenAccounttransaction,theexporterconductsinternationalbusinessinamannersimilartothewayitconductsbusinessdomestically.Theexportershipsthegoods,accompaniedbyaninvoice,andexpectstheimportertopaywithinadefinedtimeperiod(30-60days).目前十五頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點OpenAccountApplicabilityTheexporterisconfidentthattheimporterwillpay(e.g.long-standingbusinessrelationship).TheexporteriscompetingwithcompaniesthatofferOpenAccountterms.Theexporterwantstocreategoodwill.Incaseswheretheexporterisunsureoftheimporter’scredit,theexportercanusecreditinsurance.目前十六頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點OpenAccountCreditInsurance

Aninsurancepolicyunderwhichcommercialriskiscovered.Theinsurancecompanybearstheriskofnon-paymentbytheimporter,deductingaslightpercentageofthereceivable.Creditinsurancedoesnotcoverpoliticalrisk,unlesstheexporterhasexplicitlyaskedforadditionalpoliticalcoveragethatisobtainedthroughtheEx-ImBank.目前十七頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點

CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTermsofPayment目前十八頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCreditDefinitionALetterofCreditisadocumentwithwhichtheimporter’sbankpromisestopaytheexporteriftheimporterdoesnotpay.目前十九頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCreditIssuingBank

ThebankprovidingtheLetterofCredittotheimporter.Thebankthatwillpaytheexporterwhenitprovidesallthenecessarydocuments,shouldtheimporterbeunabletopay.AdvisingBankThebankthatdetermineswhetherthetermsoftheLetterofCreditofferedbytheIssuingBankareappropriate.TheAdvisingBankisgenerallytheexporter’sregularbank.Insomecases,theexporter’sbankwilldelegatethisroletoanotherbankwhichismoreexperiencedininternationaltrade.目前二十頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCreditApplicantThefirmaskingtheIssuingBankforaLetteraCredit.Usually,theapplicantistheimporter.Beneficiary

ThefirmnamedinaLetterofCreditasthefirmtowhichtheissuingbankispromisingpaymentiftheimporterdoesnotpay.Usually,thebeneficiaryofaLetterofCreditistheexporter.目前二十一頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCredit(Process)Issuance

FirstStep--Negotiationbetweenexporterandimporter.SecondStep--Applicant(Importer)requeststhebanktoopenaLetterofCredit(L/C)onimporter’sbehalfandnamingexporterasbeneficiary.ThirdStep--IssuingBanksendsthisL/CtoAdvisingBank(Exporter’sBank).FourthStep--TheAdvisingBanknotifiesthebeneficiarythattheL/Cisacceptable.目前二十二頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCreditIssuanceofaLetterofCredit

目前二十三頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCredit(Process)Shipment

FifthStepTheexportershipsthemerchandisetotheimporter.Afteralldocumentsarecollected,theexportersendsthemtotheAdvisingBank,.Sixthstep–TheAdvisingBankchecksthedocumentsagainstthetermsoftheL/C,andsendsthemtoIssuingBankSeventhstep--Afterreceivingandcheckingthedocuments,theIssuingBanknotifiestheimporter,whousesthemtoclearCustoms.目前二十四頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCredit(Process)ShipmentUnderaLetterofCredit目前二十五頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCredit(Process)PaymentEighthStep--

ImporterpaysIssuingBank.NinthStep--IssuingBankpaysAdvisingBank.TenthStep--AdvisingBankpaysExporter.目前二十六頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCredit(Process)PaymentUnderaLetterofCredit目前二十七頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCredit(Process)

Entire(Simplified)ProcessofaLetterofCredit目前二十八頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCreditALetterofCreditis:IrrevocableItcannotbealteredwithouttheexpressconsentofallpartiesinvolved.VirtuallyallLettersofCreditareirrevocable.DocumentaryThebeneficiarymustpresentacertainsetofdocuments(billoflading,invoiceandmiscellaneouscertificates)tothebank.Itispaidondocuments,notthesafearrivalofthegoods.P185目前二十九頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCreditConfirmedLetterofCredit

TheexporterasksabanktoprovideanadditionallevelofpaymentsecuritytoaLetterofCredit.Iftheimporterdoesnotpay,andtheIssuingBankdoesnotpay,theConfirmingBankpays.CorrespondentBank

Aforeignbankwithwhichadomesticbankhasapreferredbusinessrelationship.P185-186目前三十頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCreditUCP600UniversalCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredit,2007Revision,InternationalChamberofCommerce.

URR725UniformRulesforBank-to-BankReimbursementsunderDocumentaryCredits.P186-188目前三十一頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點LetterofCreditApplicability

LettersofCreditareanoutstandingmeansofmakingsurethattheexporterwillbepaid.LettersofCreditarecostly.LettersofCreditarecumbersome.P190目前三十二頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點AdditionalTypesofLettersofCreditStand-ByLettersofCreditTransferableLettersofCreditBack-to-BackLettersofCreditP190目前三十三頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點

CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTermsofPayment目前三十四頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點DocumentaryCollectionDefinitionItisaprocessbywhichanexporterasksabankto“safeguard”itsinterestsintheforeigncountrybynotreleasingthedocuments.ItisaccompaniedbyaBillofExchange(alsocalledaDraft).P192目前三十五頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點DocumentaryCollectionRemittingBank

ThebankthatinteractswiththeexporterandwiththePresentingBankintheimportingcountry.ReceivesthedocumentsfromtheexporterandthensendsthemtothePresentingBank.Ithasnoobligationtorenderjudgmentoradviceonthequalityofthepacketofdocuments;itjusttransmitsthemtothePresentingBank.PresentingBank

Thebankthatinteractswiththeimporteronbehalfoftheexporter.ReceivesthedocumentsfromtheexporterorfromtheRemittingBankandholdsthemuntiltheimportereithersignsadraftorpaystheexporter.FollowstheLetterofInstructionsfromtheExporter.P192-193目前三十六頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點DocumentaryCollectionSightDraftD/PTheRemittingBankisinstructedtoreleasethedocumentsonlywhentheImporterpays.Theimporterhastopay“onsight.”TimeDraftD/PD/ATheRemittingBankisinstructedtoreleasethedocumentsonlyaftertheImporterhassignedtheDraft.APromissoryNotethattheimporterhastopayin30,60,90or180daysafterthedateatwhichitsignstheDraft.Theexporterextendscredittotheimporter.P193-194目前三十七頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點DocumentaryCollectionDateDraftD/PD/ATheRemittingBankisinstructedtoreleasethedocumentsonlyaftertheImporterhassignedtheDraft.APromissoryNotethattheimporterhastopayin30,60,90or180daysafterthedateatwhichthegoodswereshipped(BOLdate).Theexporterextendscredittotheimporter.P194目前三十八頁\總數(shù)四十三頁\編于二十一點Documentar