英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)大全

初中英語(yǔ)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音標(biāo)練習(xí)元音(20個(gè))單元音12個(gè)前元音(4個(gè))[i:][i][e][?]后元音(5個(gè))[ɑ:][?:][?][u:][u]中元音(3個(gè))[?][?:][?]雙元音8個(gè)合口雙元音(5個(gè))[ei][?u][ai][au][?i]集中雙元音(3個(gè))[i?][u?][??]輔音(28個(gè))清輔音(11個(gè))[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][t?][tr][ts][h]濁輔音(17個(gè))[b][d][g][v][z][e][?][d?][dr][dz][l][m][n][?][j][w][r]/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t//i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik//e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help//?/fat/f?t/have/h?v/cat/k?t/back/b?k/hat/h?t//a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k//?:/horse/h?:s/saw/s?:/corn/k?:n/course/k?:s/salt/s?:t//?/dog/d?g/pot/p?t/cost/k?st/what/w?t/honest/′?nist//u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n//u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud//?/must/m?st/does/d?z/money/′m?ni/ugly/′?gli/come/k?m//?:/nurse/n?:s/bird/b?:d/burn/b?:n/turn/t?:n/girl/g?:l//?/better/bet?/never/nev?/worker/w?:k?/welcome/welk?m//ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eid?//?u/no/n?u/home/h?um/hope/h?up/wrote/r?ut/note/n?ut/pose/p?uz//ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait//au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/?′baut/south/sauθ/house/haus//?i/boy/b?i/toy/t?i/noise/n?iz/voice/v?is/point/p?int/coin/k?in//i?/ear/i?/near/ni?/idea/ai′di?/hear/hi?/mere/mi?/spear/spi?//ε?/air/ε?/tear/tε?/care/kε?/dare/dε?/fair/fε?/there/eε?//u?/tour/tu?/poor/pu?/sure/?u?/moor/mu?/(停泊)your/ju?//p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/t?p/cap/k?p/people/pi:pl/pride/praid//b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/bl?k/bear/bε?//t/let/let/sat/s?t/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid//d/led/led/sad/s?d/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di?//k/lack/l?k/take/teik/clock/kl?k/class/kla:s/weekend/′wi:kend//g/big/big/lag/l?g/glass/gla:s/gum/g?m/good/gud/guest/gest//f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/s?:f/favorite/′feiv?rit//v/very/′veri/five/faiv/fever/′fi:v?/serve/s?:v/never/′nev?//θ/bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡)thick/θik/mouth/mauθ/breath/breθ/(n呼吸)thought/θ?:t/author/′?θ?/truth/tru:θ//e/the/e?/they/eei/that/e?t/mother/′m?e?/thus/e?s/then/een//s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/k?ps/likes/laiks/stops/st?ps//z/close/kl?uz/keys/ki:z/boys/b?iz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz//t?/catch/k?t?/cheep/t?i:p/rich/rit?/watch/wt?/child/t?aild/question/kwest??n/teach/ti:t?/challenge/t?lind?//d?/orange/′?rid?/large/la:d?/juice/d?u:s/job/d??b//tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/tr?k//dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/dri?k/hundred/′h?ndrid//?/she/?i:/sharp/?a:p/fish/fi?/shock/??k/shoe/?u://?/pleasure/′ple??/measure/′me??/television/′telivi??n//ts/let′s/lets/sports/sp?:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts//dz/hands/h?ndz/birds/b?:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/st?ndz//h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/h?:d/half/ha:f//l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l?:n/lead/li:d/light/lait//m/my/mai/more/m?:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men//n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain//?/sing/si?/wing/wi?/ring/ri?/long/l??/beautiful/bju:t?fl//j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/′mju:zik/student/′stju:dnt/excuse/ik′skju:z//w/work/w?:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/w?t/twelve/twelv/twin/twin//r/red/red/road/r?ud/write/rait/wrong/r??/problem/′pr?bl?m/音標(biāo)綜合練習(xí)1./i://i//e//?//bit//wi:k//di:l//ri?l//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil//fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet//p?k//g?p//k?g//n?g//r?m//b?tl//sed//′h?pi//ten//red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/′setl//tr??//di′pend/settletrashdepend2./a://?://?//u://u//a:sk//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//?d//l?:n//n?:t//p?:z//f?ks//s?k/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa://la:d?//ma:k//l?:d//t?://st?:m//p?t//kr?p//θ?t//pr?mis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk//lu:s//sut//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3./?//?//?//b?z//d?l//′h?ri//g?lf//′tr?bl//?:n//s?:f//′t?:n?//′beg?//t?k/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b//?:k//?′merik//′s?k?//′k?mp?//s?′vei//p?′veid//p?′h?ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b?:′lesk//′m?:d?/burlesquemurder3./ei//?u//ai//au//?i//keip//greit//mein//pr?p?uz//′m?u??n//st?un//′?uv?//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//m?ist//′?ist?/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./i?//??//u?//vi?//?′f??//d??//sk??//bu?n//gu?d//′ru?r?l//?′pi?//k?l?mbi?/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/m?ti?ri?l//misti?ri?s/materialmysterious5./θ//e//m?nθ//θi:f//e?t//e?n//feiθ//t?′gee?//θ??k//e?m′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves元音音素：/i:/【衣發(fā)長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)】/I/【衣急促地發(fā)聲】/e/【哎發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí)候不要把“哎”ī給讀出來(lái)，嘴唇放松自然地讀】/?/【哎發(fā)這個(gè)音時(shí)候不要把“哎”ī給讀出來(lái)，嘴唇扁平地發(fā)】/?:/【額發(fā)長(zhǎng)音】/?/【額發(fā)短音】/∧/【阿嘴巴微微地張開(kāi)發(fā)出這個(gè)音就能夠了】/a:/【啊嘴巴長(zhǎng)到最大】/?/【哦急促】/?:/【哦聲音拖長(zhǎng)】/u/【烏急促】/u:/【烏聲音拖長(zhǎng)】/eI/【有點(diǎn)像答應(yīng)人“誒”聲音】/aI/【唉】/?I/【哦－喂連著讀】/?u/【嘔】/au/【傲】/I?/【衣－餓連著讀】/ε?/【哎－餓連著讀】/u?/【烏－餓連著讀】輔音音素：/p/【普不要把ǔ給發(fā)出來(lái)，輕音】/b/【不不要把ù給發(fā)出來(lái)，濁音】/t/【特不要把è給發(fā)出來(lái)，輕音】/d/【得不要把é給發(fā)出來(lái)，濁音】/k/【克不要把è給發(fā)出來(lái)，輕音】/g/【各不要把è給發(fā)出來(lái)，濁音】/f/【福不要把ú給發(fā)出來(lái)，輕音】/v/【有點(diǎn)像摩托車(chē)開(kāi)啟聲音，“嗚嗚嗚”地，不過(guò)是像發(fā)“vúvúvú”一樣，不要把ú給發(fā)出來(lái)，濁音】/s/【絲像蛇吐芯子發(fā)出那種聲音，不要把ī給讀出來(lái)，輕音】/z/【就是/s/濁音】/θ/【牙齒咬住舌頭輕音】/δ/【牙齒咬住舌頭濁音】/∫/【西不要把ī給發(fā)出來(lái)，輕音】/з/【衣不要把ī給發(fā)出來(lái)，濁音】/h/【喝不要把ē給發(fā)出來(lái)，輕音】/r/【若不要把uò給發(fā)出來(lái)，濁音】/t∫/【七不要把ī給發(fā)出來(lái)，輕音】/dз/【姬不要把ī給發(fā)出來(lái)，濁音】/tr/【缺不要把uē給發(fā)出來(lái)，輕音】/dr/【撅不要把uē給發(fā)出來(lái)，濁音】/ts/【次不要把ì給發(fā)出來(lái)，輕音】/dz/【自不要把ì給發(fā)出來(lái)，濁音】/m/【嘴巴閉住，然后發(fā)音，氣流從鼻子出來(lái)，濁音】/n/【嘴巴微張，舌尖頂住上顎，氣流從鼻子出來(lái)而不是從嘴巴出來(lái)，濁音】/?/【嘴巴長(zhǎng)大，舌頭向下彎曲，氣流從鼻子出來(lái)而不是從嘴巴出來(lái)，濁音】/l/【有兩個(gè)讀音。一是放在音標(biāo)結(jié)尾發(fā)嘔，濁音；而是放在音標(biāo)中發(fā)了，濁音】/w/【我不要把ǒ給發(fā)出來(lái)，濁音】/j/【呀不要把ǎ給發(fā)出來(lái)，濁音】所謂濁音，就是聲帶要振動(dòng)音；輕音就是發(fā)出了但聲帶卻不振動(dòng)音全部元音都是濁音，聲帶都要振動(dòng)。1．關(guān)于語(yǔ)音幾個(gè)概念1)字母：語(yǔ)言書(shū)寫(xiě)形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2)音標(biāo)：詞語(yǔ)音形式。3)音素：音最小單位。英語(yǔ)中有48音素。4)音節(jié)：由元音和輔音組成發(fā)音單位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand5)元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂(lè)音；口腔中氣流不收妨礙；是組成音節(jié)主要音。英語(yǔ)中有20元音。6)輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到妨礙；不是組成音節(jié)主要音。英語(yǔ)中有28輔音。7)開(kāi)音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音+enamebike ;b)輔音+元音he,go,hi8)閉音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+輔音it9)重讀音節(jié)：?jiǎn)卧~中發(fā)音尤其響亮音節(jié)。2.元音：(注意：下面空方括號(hào)是電腦無(wú)法輸入音標(biāo))1)[i:]sea,he,see,piece,ceiling2)[i]sit,build,miss,myth

3)[e]bed,desk,head,

4)[?]bad,land,bank,stamp

5)[a:]car,fast,class,plant,calm,aunt

6)[?]hot,want

7)[?:]door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,caught

8)[u:]good,who,blue,soup,

9)[u]look,put,women,could

10)[Λ]cup,come,blood,rough

11)[?:]girl,work,serve,nurse

12)[?]cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday

13)[ei]cake,they,play,eight,great,

14)[ai]bike,die,neither,light,try,find,height,eye

15)[?u]phone,cold,boat,soul,grow

16)[au]house,town

17)[?i]boy,oil

18)[i?]dear,idea,deer,here,fierce,

19)[ε?]pear,care,there,fair

20)[u?]tour,poor,3.輕易混同元音1)[e][?]bedbad;men,man;pen,pan;lendland

2)[i:][ei]realrail;greet,great;mean,main;readraid

3)[e][ai]betbite;redwrite;saidside,head,hide

4)[au][?:]househorse;loudlord;southsauce;nownor;countcorn;cloudclause

5)[au][Λ]foundfond;gowngone;downdon4.輔音1)[p]pen,

2)[b]bed,comb

3)[t]tell,

4)[d],day,played,wanted

5)[k]cold,sky,quick,school,back,accept,box

6)[g]big,go,guess,language

7)[m]man

8)[n]nine,knife,autumn

9)[η]bank,uncle,English,sing,

10)[l]land,world

11)[r]read,write,

12)[f]five,cough,laugh

13)[v]voice,of

14)[θ]think,

15)[e]this,bathe

16)[s]sit,miss,science,case,scarf

17)[z]zoo,close,

18)[∫]sure,she,social,nation

19)[/]pleasure,

20)[h]hot,who,hour

21)[w]wall,what,answer

22)[j]yes

23)[t∫]child,teach,catch

24)[d/]joke,bridge,

25)[ts]boats

26)[dz]goods

27)[tr]tree

28)[dr]dream5.輕易混同輔音1)[v][w]vetwet;vestwest;vinewine;verywell

2)[s][θ]sinkthink;sortthought;missmyth;massmath

3)[z][e]closingclothing;breezebreathe;baysbathes

4)[n][η]thinthing;sinsing;banbangwinwing;ranrang

6.讀音規(guī)則1)重讀音節(jié)(見(jiàn)元音和輔音例句)2)非重讀音節(jié) [?]banana,student,today,after,[i]orange,secret,evening,very,Monday7.特殊讀音1)音連讀：notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall.afterall2)失去爆破：goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob,expression,school,extreme3)音同化：thisyear,Wouldyoudoit?Can'tyouseeit?8.重音1)單詞重音A)雙音節(jié)詞a)通常在第一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。letter,sorryb)有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前綴詞，第二個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,in'form,dis'cuss,

im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'late

c)有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前綴重音與詞義和詞類(lèi)關(guān)于,通常名詞重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，其它詞性在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上。'record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content,con'tent

d)有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等詞，有兩個(gè)重音。'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'war

B)多音節(jié)詞a)通常倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.

b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來(lái)詞根重音讀音。'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment,

c)詞尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后綴詞，重音在這些后綴前一個(gè)音節(jié)上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tective

d)詞尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后綴詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個(gè)次重音。enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette

2)句子重音A)英語(yǔ)節(jié)奏：（輕）-輕-重-輕-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重B)英語(yǔ)句子長(zhǎng)短：是由句子中重讀詞數(shù)目決定，而不是象漢語(yǔ)那樣由句子中漢字?jǐn)?shù)目決定。C)實(shí)詞重讀（副詞重讀），虛詞輕讀(冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音節(jié)連詞，人稱(chēng)代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關(guān)系代詞，相互代詞，助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be.D)實(shí)詞不重讀特殊情況a)

實(shí)詞第二次出現(xiàn)Hethinksofthatasachildthinks.

b)

一個(gè)名詞被第二個(gè)名詞修飾Imetherintherailwaystation.

c)

代替詞Whichbookdoyouwant?Thesmallone.

d)

感嘆詞中what和howWhatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis!

e)

street在專(zhuān)有名詞中WangfujingStreet.f)

this在這些短語(yǔ)中，thismorning/afternoon/eveningE)虛詞重讀特殊情況a)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be在句首，句尾和否定時(shí)。Doyoulikeit?Yes,Ido.Areyouadoctor?Yes,Iam.Canyouhelpme?Yes,Ican.

Idon'tlikeyou.Heisn'taworker.

b)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示可能，驚奇和必定時(shí)。Theymaycomethisevening.Canitbefivealready?Hemustbeintheroom.

c)介詞在句首和句尾。Inthebox,hefoundaletter.HeisthepersonItalkedwith.

d)引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句連詞在句首。Ifyouwish,I'llvisityou.Whenhecomes,I'lltellhim.

e)反身代詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。Hecouldn'tcomehimself.

英語(yǔ)發(fā)音連讀規(guī)則連讀條件：相鄰兩詞在意義上必須親密相關(guān)，同屬一個(gè)意群。連讀所組成音節(jié)通常都不重讀，只需順其自然地一帶而過(guò)，不可讀得太重，也不可音。(連讀符號(hào)：~)(1)“輔音+元音”型連讀在同一個(gè)意群里，假如相鄰兩詞中前一個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以元音開(kāi)頭，這就要將輔音與元音拼起來(lái)連讀。I’m~an~Englishboy.It~is~an~oldbook.Letmehave~alook~at~it.MsBlackworkedin~an~officelast~yesterday.Icalled~youhalf~an~hour~ago.Put~it~on,please.Not~at~all.Pleasepick~it~up.(2)“r/re+元音”型連讀假如前一個(gè)詞是以-r或者-re結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以元音開(kāi)頭，這時(shí)r或re不但要發(fā)/r/，而且還要與后面元音拼起來(lái)連讀。They’remyfather~andmother.Ilookedfor~ithere~andthere.There~isafootballunder~it.There~aresomebooksonthedesk.Here~isaletterforyou.Here~arefour~eggs.Butwhere~ismycup?Where~areyourbrother~andsister?不過(guò)，假如一個(gè)音節(jié)前后都有字母r，即使后面詞以元音開(kāi)頭，也不能連讀。Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.（nearer與and不可連讀）(3)“輔音+半元音”型連讀英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音中/j/和/w/是半元音，假如前一個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以半元音，尤其是/j/開(kāi)頭，此時(shí)也要連讀。Thank~you.Nicetomeet~you.Did~yougettherelate~again?Would~youlike~acup~oftea？Could~youhelpme,please?“音同化”—常把/d/+/j/讀成/dV/，didyou聽(tīng)上成了/dIdVu/，wouldyou成了/wudVu/，couldyou成了/kudVu/。(4)“元音+元音”型連讀假如前一個(gè)詞以元音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞以元音開(kāi)頭，這兩個(gè)音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。I~amChinese.He~isveryfriendlytome.Shewantstostudy~English.How~andwhydidyoucomehere?Shecan’tcarry~it.It’lltakeyouthree~hourstowalkthere.Thequestionistoo~easyforhimtoanswer.(5)當(dāng)短語(yǔ)或從句之間按意群進(jìn)行停頓時(shí)，意群與意群之間即使有兩個(gè)相鄰輔音與元音出現(xiàn)，也不可連讀。Is~ita~hatoracat?（hat與or之間不能夠連讀）There~is~agoodbookinmydesk.（book與in之間不能夠連讀）Canyouspeak~EnglishorFrench?（English與or之間不能夠連讀）Shallwemeetat~eightortentomorrowmorning?（meet與at，eight與or之間不能夠連讀）Sheopenedthedoorandwalked~in.（door與and之間不能夠連讀）失去爆破6個(gè)爆破音有3對(duì)/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在一些情況下，只須做出發(fā)音準(zhǔn)備，但并不發(fā)音，稍稍停頓后就發(fā)后面音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6個(gè)爆破音中任意2個(gè)相暫時(shí)，前一個(gè)爆破音會(huì)失去爆破，即由相關(guān)發(fā)音器官做好這個(gè)發(fā)音姿勢(shì)，稍做停頓后即發(fā)后面爆破音。Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabl